A pair of indole alkaloid enantiomers with a novel bisindolylacetamide skeleton, insatindibisindolamides A and B（1a and 1b）, was isolated from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots. The enantiomers were sepa...A pair of indole alkaloid enantiomers with a novel bisindolylacetamide skeleton, insatindibisindolamides A and B（1a and 1b）, was isolated from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots. The enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR, X-ray crystallography, and electronic CD（ECD） calculation. The proposed biosynthetic pathway and preliminary investigations of the biological activity of compounds 1a and 1b are also discussed.展开更多
The effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil was investigated by an anode-cathode separated system using a salt bridge. The applied constant voltage was 24 V and the electrode gap was 2...The effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil was investigated by an anode-cathode separated system using a salt bridge. The applied constant voltage was 24 V and the electrode gap was 24 cm. Two types of soil （sandy soil and loam soil） were selected because of their different conductive capabilities. The initial concentrations of pyrene in these soil samples were 261.3 mg/kg sandy soil and 259.8 mg/kg loam soil After treatment of the sandy soil and loam soil for seven days, 56.8% and 20.1% of the pyrene had been removed respectively. Under the same power supply voltage, the removal of the pollutant from the sandy soil was greater than that from the loam soil, due to the higher current and lower pH. Further analysis revealed that the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation was affected by the energy expenditure, and was associated with changes in soil properties.展开更多
Natural ice accretion on the lifting surface of an aircraft is detrimental to its aerodynamic performance, as it changes the effective streamlined body. The main focus of this work considers the optimization design of...Natural ice accretion on the lifting surface of an aircraft is detrimental to its aerodynamic performance, as it changes the effective streamlined body. The main focus of this work considers the optimization design of airfoils under atmospheric icing conditions for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The ice formation process is simulated by the Eulerian approach and the three-dimensional Myers model. A three-equation turbulence model is implemented to accurately predict the stall performance of the iced airfoil. In recognition of the real atmospheric variability in the icing parameters, the medium volume diameter of supercooled water droplets is treated as an uncertainty with an assumed probability density function. A technique of polynomial chaos expansion is used to propagate the input uncertainty through the deterministic system. The numerical results show that the multipoint/multiobjective optimization strategy can efficiently improve both the ice tolerance and the cruise performance of an airfoil. The reason for the focus on robust optimization is that the ice angle of the optimized airfoil becomes less critical to the incoming flow.The optimized airfoils are applied to a UAV platform, in which the performance improvement and the relevant key flow feature are both preserved.展开更多
This study aimed to conduct measurement uncertainty assessment of a new method for determination of Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ） in food by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Samples were ex...This study aimed to conduct measurement uncertainty assessment of a new method for determination of Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ） in food by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Samples were extracted with organic solvents（hexane, 20% acetone） and first purified by magnesium trisilicate（2Mg O·3Si O2）. The Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ–Ⅳ） were also initially separated on C8 by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1%（v/v） formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases and detected with diode-array detector（DAD）. The uncertainty of mathematical model of Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ is based on EURACHEM guidelines. The sources and components of uncertainty were calculated. The experiment gave a good linear relationship over the concentration from 0.4 to 4.0 μg/m L and spiked recoveries were from 74.0% to 97.5%. The limits of determination（LOD） were 48, 61, 36, 58 μg/kg for the four analytes, respectively. The total uncertainty of Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ） was 810±30.8, 790±28.4, 750±27.0, 730±50.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery uncertainty was the most significant factor contributing to the total uncertainty. The developed method is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive. It can be used for the determination of trace Sudan dyes in food samples. The sources of uncertainty have been identified and uncertainty components have been simplified and considered.展开更多
Separated flow can be effectively controlled through the management of blade boundary layer development.Numerical simulations on a highly-loaded,low-solidity compressor cascade indicate that combined blowing and sucti...Separated flow can be effectively controlled through the management of blade boundary layer development.Numerical simulations on a highly-loaded,low-solidity compressor cascade indicate that combined blowing and suction flow control technique can significantly improve cascade performance,especially in increasing the cascade loading and static pressure ratio as well as decreasing the loss coefficient.Meanwhile,it is more effective to improve cascade performance by blowing near leading edge on suction surface than suction near trailing edge.Both the locations and flow rates of blowing and suction are major impact factors of this method to cascade performance.Comparing to the baseline,the static pressure ratio increases by 15% and loss coefficient decreases by 80%,with a blowing fraction of 1.7% and a suction fraction of 1.38% of the inlet mass flow.展开更多
By examining the two neighboring Haihe Bridges with semi-and full-closed bridge decks,the aerodynamic interference between the two decks on the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)and the corresponding aerodynamic mitigation...By examining the two neighboring Haihe Bridges with semi-and full-closed bridge decks,the aerodynamic interference between the two decks on the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)and the corresponding aerodynamic mitigation measures are investigated via a series of wind tunnel tests with a spring-suspended sectional model aided with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The results show that the VIV responses of both bridges can be significantly affected by the aerodynamic interference and that the extent of the influence varies with the shapes of the windward and leeward decks.The VIV amplitudes of the windward bridge are often fairly close to those of the single bridge.However,those of the leeward bridge are magnified substantially by aerodynamic interference if the same structural and aerodynamic configurations are adopted for the two bridges.Otherwise,the VIV responses are not significantly increased and may even be reduced by the aerodynamic interference if different configurations are employed for the two bridges.Furthermore,an effective combined measure of adding wind barriers and sharpening the wind fairing noses of the two box decks is presented for mitigating both the vertical and torsional VIV responses of the windward and leeward bridges.展开更多
Numerical studies of the flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 1.4 × 105 and NACA0021 airfoil at the angle of attack 60° have been carried out by scale-adaptive simulation （SAS） and detached edd...Numerical studies of the flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 1.4 × 105 and NACA0021 airfoil at the angle of attack 60° have been carried out by scale-adaptive simulation （SAS） and detached eddy simu- lation （DES）, in comparison with the existing experimental data. The new version of the model developed by Egorov and Menter is assessed, and advantages and disadvantages of the SAS simulation are analyzed in detail to provide guidance for industrial application in the future. Moreover, the mechanism of the scale-adaptive characteristics in separated regions is discussed, which is obscure in previous analyses. It is con- cluded that： the mean flow properties satisfactorily agree with the experimental results for the SAS simulation, although the prediction of the second order turbulent statistics in the near wake region is just reasonable. The SAS model can produce a larger magnitude of the turbulent kinetic energy in the recir- culation bubble, and, consequently, a smaller recirculation region and a more rapid recovery of the mean velocity out- side the recirculation region than the DES approach with the same grid resolution. The vortex shedding is slightly less irregular with the SAS model than with the DES approach, probably due to the higher dissipation of the SAS simulation under the condition of the coarse mesh.展开更多
By introducing a more general auxiliary ordinary differential equation （ODE）, a modified variable separated ODE method is developed for solving the mKdV-sinh-Gordon equation. As a result, many explicit and exact sol...By introducing a more general auxiliary ordinary differential equation （ODE）, a modified variable separated ODE method is developed for solving the mKdV-sinh-Gordon equation. As a result, many explicit and exact solutions including some new formal solutions are successfully picked up for the mKdV-sinh-Gordon equation by this approach.展开更多
As it is known, the main purpose of production of cotton fiber in the technological processes is to produce high quality cotton fiber. Lots of processes in the enterprise have a loss of cotton fiber, which is a valuab...As it is known, the main purpose of production of cotton fiber in the technological processes is to produce high quality cotton fiber. Lots of processes in the enterprise have a loss of cotton fiber, which is a valuable raw material for the textile industry.展开更多
Atomic Mass Evaluation(AME2016) has replenished the latest nuclear binding energy data. Other physical observables, such as the separated energies, decay energies, and the pairing gaps, were evaluated based on the new...Atomic Mass Evaluation(AME2016) has replenished the latest nuclear binding energy data. Other physical observables, such as the separated energies, decay energies, and the pairing gaps, were evaluated based on the new mass table. An improved Weizs?cker-Skyrme-type(WS-type) nuclear mass model with only 13 parameters was presented, including the correction from two combinatorial radial basis functions(RBFs), where shell and pairing effects are simultaneously dealt with using a Strutinsky-like method. The RBFs code had 2267 updated experimental binding energies as inputs, and their correspondent root-mean square(rms) deviations dropped to 149 keV. For the training of other mass models by RBFs correction, rms deviations are clustered between 100 keV to 200 keV. Compared with other experimental quantities, the rms deviations calculated within the improved WS-type model falls between 100 keV and 250 keV. We extrapolate the binding energies to 12435 nuclei, which covers the ranges 8 ≤ Z ≤ 128 and 8 ≤ N ≤ 251 in the framework of the WS-type model with RBFs correction. Simultaneously, the ground state deformations β_(2,4,6) and all parts in the WS-type mass formula are presented in this paper. Finally, we tabulated all calculated characteristics within the improved formula and linked them to https://github.com/lukeronger/Nuclear Data-LZU: nuclear binding energies, one-nucleon and two-nucleon separation energies(S_(n,p,2n,2p)), and β-decay energies( Q_α and Q_(β-,β+,EC)), and the pairing gap ?_n and ?_p.展开更多
Let φ be a normal function on [0, 1) and A~∞(φ) of functions f analytic on the unit disk D={z: |z|<1} with sup {φ(|z|)|f(z)|: z∈D}<∞. A sequence {z_n}(?)D defines an operator T from A~∞(φ) to l~∞ by Tf=...Let φ be a normal function on [0, 1) and A~∞(φ) of functions f analytic on the unit disk D={z: |z|<1} with sup {φ(|z|)|f(z)|: z∈D}<∞. A sequence {z_n}(?)D defines an operator T from A~∞(φ) to l~∞ by Tf=(φ(|z_n|)f(z_n)}for f∈A~∞. A necessary and sufficient condition for TA~∞(φ)=l~∞ is given by inf展开更多
The crystal growth and nucleation in glasses in the lithium silicate system have been investigated. Phase separation in ultimately homogenized glasses of the lithium silicate system xLi<sub>2</sub>O·(...The crystal growth and nucleation in glasses in the lithium silicate system have been investigated. Phase separation in ultimately homogenized glasses of the lithium silicate system xLi<sub>2</sub>O·(100 ﹣ x)SiO<sub>2</sub> (where x = 23.4, 26.0, 29.1, and 33.5 mol% Li<sub>2</sub>O) has been studied. The glasses of these compositions have been homogenized using the previously established special temperature-time conditions, which make it possible to provide a maximum dehydration and removal of bubbles from the glass melt. The parameters of nucleation and growth of phase separated in homogeneities and homogeneous crystal nucleation have been determined. The absolute values of the stationary nucleation rates I<sub>st</sub> of lithium disilicate crystals in the 23.4Li<sub>2</sub>O·76.6SiO<sub>2</sub>, 26Li<sub>2</sub>O·74SiO<sub>2</sub> and 29.1Li<sub>2</sub>O·70.9SiO<sub>2</sub> glasses with the compositions lying in the metastable phase separation region have been compared with the corresponding rates I<sub>st</sub> for the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition 33.51Li<sub>2</sub>O·66.5SiO<sub>2</sub>. It has been found that the crystal growth rate has a tendency toward a monotonic increase with an increase in the temperature, whereas the dependences of the crystal growth rate on the time of low temperature heat treatment exhibit an oscillatory behavior with a monotonic decrease in the absolute value of oscillations. The character of crystallization in glasses with the compositions lying in the phase separation region of the Li<sub>2</sub>O-SiO<sub>2</sub> system is compared with that in the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition. The conclusion has been made that the phase separation weakly affects the nucleation parameters of the lithium disilicate and has a strong effect on the crystal growth.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFCNos.81373287 and 30825044)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT,No.IRT1007)the National Science and Technology Project of China(Nos.2012ZX09301002-002 and 2011ZX0 9307-002-01)
文摘A pair of indole alkaloid enantiomers with a novel bisindolylacetamide skeleton, insatindibisindolamides A and B（1a and 1b）, was isolated from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots. The enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR, X-ray crystallography, and electronic CD（ECD） calculation. The proposed biosynthetic pathway and preliminary investigations of the biological activity of compounds 1a and 1b are also discussed.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project Key-Direction Project Sub-project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21047006, 21107119)the Key Project of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013ZX07202-007)
文摘The effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil was investigated by an anode-cathode separated system using a salt bridge. The applied constant voltage was 24 V and the electrode gap was 24 cm. Two types of soil （sandy soil and loam soil） were selected because of their different conductive capabilities. The initial concentrations of pyrene in these soil samples were 261.3 mg/kg sandy soil and 259.8 mg/kg loam soil After treatment of the sandy soil and loam soil for seven days, 56.8% and 20.1% of the pyrene had been removed respectively. Under the same power supply voltage, the removal of the pollutant from the sandy soil was greater than that from the loam soil, due to the higher current and lower pH. Further analysis revealed that the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation was affected by the energy expenditure, and was associated with changes in soil properties.
基金supported by the National Key Project of China(No.GJXM92579)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92052203 and 11872230 and 91852108)。
文摘Natural ice accretion on the lifting surface of an aircraft is detrimental to its aerodynamic performance, as it changes the effective streamlined body. The main focus of this work considers the optimization design of airfoils under atmospheric icing conditions for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The ice formation process is simulated by the Eulerian approach and the three-dimensional Myers model. A three-equation turbulence model is implemented to accurately predict the stall performance of the iced airfoil. In recognition of the real atmospheric variability in the icing parameters, the medium volume diameter of supercooled water droplets is treated as an uncertainty with an assumed probability density function. A technique of polynomial chaos expansion is used to propagate the input uncertainty through the deterministic system. The numerical results show that the multipoint/multiobjective optimization strategy can efficiently improve both the ice tolerance and the cruise performance of an airfoil. The reason for the focus on robust optimization is that the ice angle of the optimized airfoil becomes less critical to the incoming flow.The optimized airfoils are applied to a UAV platform, in which the performance improvement and the relevant key flow feature are both preserved.
基金supported by grants from Non-profit Projects of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China(No.201309044)the Foundation for Excellent Young Talents of Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the Foundation for Medical Leading Personnel of Hubei Province
文摘This study aimed to conduct measurement uncertainty assessment of a new method for determination of Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ） in food by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Samples were extracted with organic solvents（hexane, 20% acetone） and first purified by magnesium trisilicate（2Mg O·3Si O2）. The Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ–Ⅳ） were also initially separated on C8 by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1%（v/v） formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases and detected with diode-array detector（DAD）. The uncertainty of mathematical model of Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ is based on EURACHEM guidelines. The sources and components of uncertainty were calculated. The experiment gave a good linear relationship over the concentration from 0.4 to 4.0 μg/m L and spiked recoveries were from 74.0% to 97.5%. The limits of determination（LOD） were 48, 61, 36, 58 μg/kg for the four analytes, respectively. The total uncertainty of Sudan colorants（Sudan Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ） was 810±30.8, 790±28.4, 750±27.0, 730±50.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery uncertainty was the most significant factor contributing to the total uncertainty. The developed method is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive. It can be used for the determination of trace Sudan dyes in food samples. The sources of uncertainty have been identified and uncertainty components have been simplified and considered.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China as part of the Free Application Project (No.50776003)supported and funded by the Key Program of Aviation Science Foundation,Grant No.2007ZB51018
文摘Separated flow can be effectively controlled through the management of blade boundary layer development.Numerical simulations on a highly-loaded,low-solidity compressor cascade indicate that combined blowing and suction flow control technique can significantly improve cascade performance,especially in increasing the cascade loading and static pressure ratio as well as decreasing the loss coefficient.Meanwhile,it is more effective to improve cascade performance by blowing near leading edge on suction surface than suction near trailing edge.Both the locations and flow rates of blowing and suction are major impact factors of this method to cascade performance.Comparing to the baseline,the static pressure ratio increases by 15% and loss coefficient decreases by 80%,with a blowing fraction of 1.7% and a suction fraction of 1.38% of the inlet mass flow.
基金The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through the Fundamental Research Fund for State Key Laboratories(Grant No.SLDRCE08-A-02)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50978204).
文摘By examining the two neighboring Haihe Bridges with semi-and full-closed bridge decks,the aerodynamic interference between the two decks on the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)and the corresponding aerodynamic mitigation measures are investigated via a series of wind tunnel tests with a spring-suspended sectional model aided with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The results show that the VIV responses of both bridges can be significantly affected by the aerodynamic interference and that the extent of the influence varies with the shapes of the windward and leeward decks.The VIV amplitudes of the windward bridge are often fairly close to those of the single bridge.However,those of the leeward bridge are magnified substantially by aerodynamic interference if the same structural and aerodynamic configurations are adopted for the two bridges.Otherwise,the VIV responses are not significantly increased and may even be reduced by the aerodynamic interference if different configurations are employed for the two bridges.Furthermore,an effective combined measure of adding wind barriers and sharpening the wind fairing noses of the two box decks is presented for mitigating both the vertical and torsional VIV responses of the windward and leeward bridges.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Project) (Grant No. 2009CB724104)
文摘Numerical studies of the flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 1.4 × 105 and NACA0021 airfoil at the angle of attack 60° have been carried out by scale-adaptive simulation （SAS） and detached eddy simu- lation （DES）, in comparison with the existing experimental data. The new version of the model developed by Egorov and Menter is assessed, and advantages and disadvantages of the SAS simulation are analyzed in detail to provide guidance for industrial application in the future. Moreover, the mechanism of the scale-adaptive characteristics in separated regions is discussed, which is obscure in previous analyses. It is con- cluded that： the mean flow properties satisfactorily agree with the experimental results for the SAS simulation, although the prediction of the second order turbulent statistics in the near wake region is just reasonable. The SAS model can produce a larger magnitude of the turbulent kinetic energy in the recir- culation bubble, and, consequently, a smaller recirculation region and a more rapid recovery of the mean velocity out- side the recirculation region than the DES approach with the same grid resolution. The vortex shedding is slightly less irregular with the SAS model than with the DES approach, probably due to the higher dissipation of the SAS simulation under the condition of the coarse mesh.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10672053)
文摘By introducing a more general auxiliary ordinary differential equation （ODE）, a modified variable separated ODE method is developed for solving the mKdV-sinh-Gordon equation. As a result, many explicit and exact solutions including some new formal solutions are successfully picked up for the mKdV-sinh-Gordon equation by this approach.
文摘As it is known, the main purpose of production of cotton fiber in the technological processes is to produce high quality cotton fiber. Lots of processes in the enterprise have a loss of cotton fiber, which is a valuable raw material for the textile industry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11675066 and 11705055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2017-ot04)Feitian Scholar Project of Gansu province
文摘Atomic Mass Evaluation(AME2016) has replenished the latest nuclear binding energy data. Other physical observables, such as the separated energies, decay energies, and the pairing gaps, were evaluated based on the new mass table. An improved Weizs?cker-Skyrme-type(WS-type) nuclear mass model with only 13 parameters was presented, including the correction from two combinatorial radial basis functions(RBFs), where shell and pairing effects are simultaneously dealt with using a Strutinsky-like method. The RBFs code had 2267 updated experimental binding energies as inputs, and their correspondent root-mean square(rms) deviations dropped to 149 keV. For the training of other mass models by RBFs correction, rms deviations are clustered between 100 keV to 200 keV. Compared with other experimental quantities, the rms deviations calculated within the improved WS-type model falls between 100 keV and 250 keV. We extrapolate the binding energies to 12435 nuclei, which covers the ranges 8 ≤ Z ≤ 128 and 8 ≤ N ≤ 251 in the framework of the WS-type model with RBFs correction. Simultaneously, the ground state deformations β_(2,4,6) and all parts in the WS-type mass formula are presented in this paper. Finally, we tabulated all calculated characteristics within the improved formula and linked them to https://github.com/lukeronger/Nuclear Data-LZU: nuclear binding energies, one-nucleon and two-nucleon separation energies(S_(n,p,2n,2p)), and β-decay energies( Q_α and Q_(β-,β+,EC)), and the pairing gap ?_n and ?_p.
基金Project supported by the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institute of Higher Education, P. R. China
文摘Let φ be a normal function on [0, 1) and A~∞(φ) of functions f analytic on the unit disk D={z: |z|<1} with sup {φ(|z|)|f(z)|: z∈D}<∞. A sequence {z_n}(?)D defines an operator T from A~∞(φ) to l~∞ by Tf=(φ(|z_n|)f(z_n)}for f∈A~∞. A necessary and sufficient condition for TA~∞(φ)=l~∞ is given by inf
文摘The crystal growth and nucleation in glasses in the lithium silicate system have been investigated. Phase separation in ultimately homogenized glasses of the lithium silicate system xLi<sub>2</sub>O·(100 ﹣ x)SiO<sub>2</sub> (where x = 23.4, 26.0, 29.1, and 33.5 mol% Li<sub>2</sub>O) has been studied. The glasses of these compositions have been homogenized using the previously established special temperature-time conditions, which make it possible to provide a maximum dehydration and removal of bubbles from the glass melt. The parameters of nucleation and growth of phase separated in homogeneities and homogeneous crystal nucleation have been determined. The absolute values of the stationary nucleation rates I<sub>st</sub> of lithium disilicate crystals in the 23.4Li<sub>2</sub>O·76.6SiO<sub>2</sub>, 26Li<sub>2</sub>O·74SiO<sub>2</sub> and 29.1Li<sub>2</sub>O·70.9SiO<sub>2</sub> glasses with the compositions lying in the metastable phase separation region have been compared with the corresponding rates I<sub>st</sub> for the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition 33.51Li<sub>2</sub>O·66.5SiO<sub>2</sub>. It has been found that the crystal growth rate has a tendency toward a monotonic increase with an increase in the temperature, whereas the dependences of the crystal growth rate on the time of low temperature heat treatment exhibit an oscillatory behavior with a monotonic decrease in the absolute value of oscillations. The character of crystallization in glasses with the compositions lying in the phase separation region of the Li<sub>2</sub>O-SiO<sub>2</sub> system is compared with that in the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition. The conclusion has been made that the phase separation weakly affects the nucleation parameters of the lithium disilicate and has a strong effect on the crystal growth.
