在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠...在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠加,研究植被生长季NDVI变化的持续性特征,并揭示植被对气候变化及人类活动的响应规律。结果表明:1)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈从西北到东南的增加趋势;且变异系数显示,波动性较大地区集中在柴达木盆地周边和青南牧区西北部等植被NDVI较低的区域,波动性较小地区集中在祁连山东部、东部农业区和青南牧区东南部等植被NDVI较高的区域。2)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈增加趋势,增长率为0.38%·10a^(-1);且NDVI变化具有明显的阶段性,存在1994年和2000年两个突变点。3)近34年青海省植被改善区域(75.4%)远大于退化区域(24.6%),其中显著改善面积占植被覆盖区域面积的40.9%,退化区随时间变化在空间上表现出明显的转移现象。4)Hurst指数表明,青海省植被变化反持续性较强,趋势分析与Hurst指数叠加得出,由退化转为改善的区域占植被覆盖区面积的13.7%,由改善转为退化的区域占植被覆盖区面积的44.3%,另41.5%的区域无法确定未来变化趋势。5)青海省植被生长季NDVI受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,且不同植被类型对气候变化的响应存在较大差异。展开更多
In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012 and their possible driving factors using daily minimum temperature data from 121 meteorological stations i...In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012 and their possible driving factors using daily minimum temperature data from 121 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas. These data were analyzed utilizing a piecewise regression model, a Sen＋Mann- Kendall model, and a correlation analysis. Results demonstrated that （1） the frequency of single-station cold surges decreased in Inner Mongolia during the study period, with a linear tendency of -0.5 times/10a （-2.4 to 1.2 times/10a）. Prior to 1991, a significant decreasing trend of-1.1 times/10a （-3.3 to 2.5 times/10a） was detected, while an increasing trend of 0.45 times/10a （-4.4 to 4.2 times/10a） was found after 1991. On a seasonal scale, the trend in spring cold surges was consistent with annual values, and the most obvious change in cold surges occurred during spring. Monthly cold surge frequency displayed a bimodal structure, and November witnessed the highest incidence of cold surge. （2） Spatially, the high incidence of cold surge is mainly observed in the northern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, with a higher occurrence observed in the northern than in the central part. Inter-decadal character- istic also revealed that high frequency and low frequency regions presented decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, between 1960 and 1990. High frequency regions expanded after the 1990s, and regions exhibiting high cold surge frequency were mainly distributed in Tulihe, Xiao＇ergou, and Xi Ujimqin Banner. （3） On an annual scale, the cold surge was dominated by AO, NAO, CA, APVII, and CQ. However, seasonal differences in the driving forces of cold surges were detected. Winter cold surges were significantly correlated with AO, NAO, SHI, CA, TPI, APVII, CW, and IZ, indicating they were caused by multiple factors. Au- tumn cold surges were mainly affected by CA and IM, while spring cold surges were significantly correlated with CA and APVII.展开更多
水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(in...水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。展开更多
文摘在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠加,研究植被生长季NDVI变化的持续性特征,并揭示植被对气候变化及人类活动的响应规律。结果表明:1)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈从西北到东南的增加趋势;且变异系数显示,波动性较大地区集中在柴达木盆地周边和青南牧区西北部等植被NDVI较低的区域,波动性较小地区集中在祁连山东部、东部农业区和青南牧区东南部等植被NDVI较高的区域。2)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈增加趋势,增长率为0.38%·10a^(-1);且NDVI变化具有明显的阶段性,存在1994年和2000年两个突变点。3)近34年青海省植被改善区域(75.4%)远大于退化区域(24.6%),其中显著改善面积占植被覆盖区域面积的40.9%,退化区随时间变化在空间上表现出明显的转移现象。4)Hurst指数表明,青海省植被变化反持续性较强,趋势分析与Hurst指数叠加得出,由退化转为改善的区域占植被覆盖区面积的13.7%,由改善转为退化的区域占植被覆盖区面积的44.3%,另41.5%的区域无法确定未来变化趋势。5)青海省植被生长季NDVI受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,且不同植被类型对气候变化的响应存在较大差异。
基金Major Project of High-resolution Earth Observation System
文摘In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012 and their possible driving factors using daily minimum temperature data from 121 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas. These data were analyzed utilizing a piecewise regression model, a Sen＋Mann- Kendall model, and a correlation analysis. Results demonstrated that （1） the frequency of single-station cold surges decreased in Inner Mongolia during the study period, with a linear tendency of -0.5 times/10a （-2.4 to 1.2 times/10a）. Prior to 1991, a significant decreasing trend of-1.1 times/10a （-3.3 to 2.5 times/10a） was detected, while an increasing trend of 0.45 times/10a （-4.4 to 4.2 times/10a） was found after 1991. On a seasonal scale, the trend in spring cold surges was consistent with annual values, and the most obvious change in cold surges occurred during spring. Monthly cold surge frequency displayed a bimodal structure, and November witnessed the highest incidence of cold surge. （2） Spatially, the high incidence of cold surge is mainly observed in the northern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, with a higher occurrence observed in the northern than in the central part. Inter-decadal character- istic also revealed that high frequency and low frequency regions presented decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, between 1960 and 1990. High frequency regions expanded after the 1990s, and regions exhibiting high cold surge frequency were mainly distributed in Tulihe, Xiao＇ergou, and Xi Ujimqin Banner. （3） On an annual scale, the cold surge was dominated by AO, NAO, CA, APVII, and CQ. However, seasonal differences in the driving forces of cold surges were detected. Winter cold surges were significantly correlated with AO, NAO, SHI, CA, TPI, APVII, CW, and IZ, indicating they were caused by multiple factors. Au- tumn cold surges were mainly affected by CA and IM, while spring cold surges were significantly correlated with CA and APVII.
文摘水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。
