Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods: The patients with obsessive compulsive disorder were treated by self-exposure plus response prevention....Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods: The patients with obsessive compulsive disorder were treated by self-exposure plus response prevention. Results: Of a total of 10 patients, 8 were found to have improved with 4 showing marked improvement. Conclusion: Self-exposure plus response prevention is an effective treatment for patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder.展开更多
The self-heating lunch box(SHLB)is a kind of popular instant food in China,yet little is known about the associated chemical release risk during its heating process.In this study,we investigated organophosphate esters...The self-heating lunch box(SHLB)is a kind of popular instant food in China,yet little is known about the associated chemical release risk during its heating process.In this study,we investigated organophosphate esters(OPEs)in original unheated food(UF),SHLB-heated processed food(HF)and potential OPE release from SHLB packaging materials.Significantly higher concentrations of OPEs were observed in HF(267±246 ng/g dry weight(dw))than in UF(163±211 ng/g dw)(p<0.001),suggesting an introduction of additional OPEs during heating processes.Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,triethyl phosphate,and tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate exhibited the highest absolute increased amounts,with 137,48.8,and 149%growth in HF than in UF,respectively.Migration testing revealed that packaging materials were rich in OPEs and can release considerable OPEs into food simulates(range,14.7-90.8 ng/g;mean,47.9±21.8).Influencing factors(temperature,contact time,oily food)on OPE migration from packaging materials to food were assessed.Higher temperature and longer contact time increased OPE contents in food simulates.Moreover,the presence of abundant OPEs in UF and significant correlations among different OPEs(p<0.05)suggested contamination happened during food processing and storage.With one SHLB meal a day,a 12-fold increase of OPE intake was observed for humans compared to those following a traditional dietary habit.In the high-exposure(95th percentile)scenario,hazard quotients of nine OPEs ranged from 0.00005 to 0.05.Our results suggested that the SHLB exposure pathway of OPEs should be particularly paid attention to in specific subpopulations that prefer this dietary habit.展开更多
Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes （pc- LEDs）, which employ blue LEDs with yellow phosphors to generate white light illumination, is a widely used solid- state lighting source. In order to conduct a phosphor l...Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes （pc- LEDs）, which employ blue LEDs with yellow phosphors to generate white light illumination, is a widely used solid- state lighting source. In order to conduct a phosphor layer coating with high quality on LED chip, a self-adaptive coating technology is introduced in this paper. A slurry coating technique combined with selfexposure method is applied and developed to demonstrate the benefits of selfadaptive coating layer. For self-exposure, the slurry coating is exposed to the blue emission of LED itself other than to ultraviolet （UV） light outside to make photoresist crosslinking. Results of measurement indicate that white LEDs with self-adaptive coating have shown self-adaptability to the angular distribution of intensity of blue light and performed higher spatial color uniformity than those with conventional coating and other conformal coating.展开更多
A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel...A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel sheet in an industrial environment, the Jiangjin natural environmental test station was chosen as the outdoor exposure test to be conducted, and the self-cleaning performance of the steel sheet was studied by measuring the water contact angle, stain resistance factor, color difference, and gloss of the steel sheet during the outdoor exposure test. The water contact angle of the self-cleaning steel sheet quickly decreased from 84° to 29° during the outdoor exposure test, and the steel sheet showed excellent hydrophilic properties, which were beneficial to the spread of rain drops and detrimental to the accumulation of the surface pollutants. After an outdoor exposure of 12 months,the self-cleaning steel sheet had a higher stain resistance and cleaner surface than the comparison sample sheet, demonstrating its excellent self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the color difference and gloss rate of the self-cleaning steel ＇sheet were similar to those of the pre-coated steel sheet without hydrophilic surface treatment. Therefore, the hydrophilic surface treatment technology used in this study did not affect the anti-aging property of the self-cleaning steel sheet.展开更多
A host of health problems are associated with consumption of refined sugar. Sauces such as ketchup, mayonnaise... contained higher level of refined sugar. Using behavioural influence techniques it could be possible to...A host of health problems are associated with consumption of refined sugar. Sauces such as ketchup, mayonnaise... contained higher level of refined sugar. Using behavioural influence techniques it could be possible to encourage consumer to reduce their consumption of refine sugar. In this study, the mirror exposure procedure was used in order to decrease students’ sauces consumption in a university cafeteria. A mirror was stand or not in a self-service area with various sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard). People were unobtrusively observed and noticed which of the sauces was taken by each customer and the number of times the customer pressed on the sauce dispenser in order to obtain one dose of sauce. In the mirror exposure, the observers noted if the customer looked at the mirror when using the sauce dispenser. Results showed a decrease in consumption but only with individuals who look at them when using the sauce-dispensers. In a field setting, it was found that the mirror technique is an efficient method to decrease sauce consumption, and by extension, the consumption of refined sugar. The practical and the theoretical interest of this procedure are discussed.展开更多
This study determined the concentrations and inhalation bioaccessibility of cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc in some foreign and locally available tobacco snuff and leaves. For the determination of the heavy metals ...This study determined the concentrations and inhalation bioaccessibility of cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc in some foreign and locally available tobacco snuff and leaves. For the determination of the heavy metals concentration, the samples were ashed and washed with hydrochloric acid according to standard method. The bioaccessibility test employed the Stimulated Epithelial Lung Fluid (SELF). The total concentration of heavy metals in the four samples investigated ranged between 9.7 - 14.9 μg/g, 24.1 - 37.0 μg/g, 41 - 69 μg/g and 153 - 183 μg/g for cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc respectively. The percentage inhalation bioaccessibility fraction of the four samples investigated ranged between 20.8% - 59.8%, 3.3% - 8.1%, 21.7% - 48.8% and 7.6% - 12.5% for cadmium, chromium, nickel, and zinc respectively. Statistical analyses using SPSS 21, revealed significant differences in the total concentration of heavy metals in the samples investigated except for Zinc. Risk assessment based on daily consumption of 10 g of the tobacco snuff employing total concentration of the heavy metals suggests that excluding nickel, all other metals investigated indicated daily intake values above WHO permissible levels. However, with the bioaccessible fractions, only cadmium, a known carcinogen indicated levels above WHO limits. From the results of this study, it can be deduced that consumption of tobacco snuff may induce negative health effects such as cancer and its attendant complications, the risk analysis based on bioaccessible concentration suggests lower health risk than analysis based on total heavy metal concentration;hence the assumption that snuff is a safe alternative to tobacco smoking may be erroneous.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods: The patients with obsessive compulsive disorder were treated by self-exposure plus response prevention. Results: Of a total of 10 patients, 8 were found to have improved with 4 showing marked improvement. Conclusion: Self-exposure plus response prevention is an effective treatment for patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22276214,22022611,and 21777190)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Y2022020).
文摘The self-heating lunch box(SHLB)is a kind of popular instant food in China,yet little is known about the associated chemical release risk during its heating process.In this study,we investigated organophosphate esters(OPEs)in original unheated food(UF),SHLB-heated processed food(HF)and potential OPE release from SHLB packaging materials.Significantly higher concentrations of OPEs were observed in HF(267±246 ng/g dry weight(dw))than in UF(163±211 ng/g dw)(p<0.001),suggesting an introduction of additional OPEs during heating processes.Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,triethyl phosphate,and tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate exhibited the highest absolute increased amounts,with 137,48.8,and 149%growth in HF than in UF,respectively.Migration testing revealed that packaging materials were rich in OPEs and can release considerable OPEs into food simulates(range,14.7-90.8 ng/g;mean,47.9±21.8).Influencing factors(temperature,contact time,oily food)on OPE migration from packaging materials to food were assessed.Higher temperature and longer contact time increased OPE contents in food simulates.Moreover,the presence of abundant OPEs in UF and significant correlations among different OPEs(p<0.05)suggested contamination happened during food processing and storage.With one SHLB meal a day,a 12-fold increase of OPE intake was observed for humans compared to those following a traditional dietary habit.In the high-exposure(95th percentile)scenario,hazard quotients of nine OPEs ranged from 0.00005 to 0.05.Our results suggested that the SHLB exposure pathway of OPEs should be particularly paid attention to in specific subpopulations that prefer this dietary habit.
文摘Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes （pc- LEDs）, which employ blue LEDs with yellow phosphors to generate white light illumination, is a widely used solid- state lighting source. In order to conduct a phosphor layer coating with high quality on LED chip, a self-adaptive coating technology is introduced in this paper. A slurry coating technique combined with selfexposure method is applied and developed to demonstrate the benefits of selfadaptive coating layer. For self-exposure, the slurry coating is exposed to the blue emission of LED itself other than to ultraviolet （UV） light outside to make photoresist crosslinking. Results of measurement indicate that white LEDs with self-adaptive coating have shown self-adaptability to the angular distribution of intensity of blue light and performed higher spatial color uniformity than those with conventional coating and other conformal coating.
文摘A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel sheet in an industrial environment, the Jiangjin natural environmental test station was chosen as the outdoor exposure test to be conducted, and the self-cleaning performance of the steel sheet was studied by measuring the water contact angle, stain resistance factor, color difference, and gloss of the steel sheet during the outdoor exposure test. The water contact angle of the self-cleaning steel sheet quickly decreased from 84° to 29° during the outdoor exposure test, and the steel sheet showed excellent hydrophilic properties, which were beneficial to the spread of rain drops and detrimental to the accumulation of the surface pollutants. After an outdoor exposure of 12 months,the self-cleaning steel sheet had a higher stain resistance and cleaner surface than the comparison sample sheet, demonstrating its excellent self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the color difference and gloss rate of the self-cleaning steel ＇sheet were similar to those of the pre-coated steel sheet without hydrophilic surface treatment. Therefore, the hydrophilic surface treatment technology used in this study did not affect the anti-aging property of the self-cleaning steel sheet.
文摘A host of health problems are associated with consumption of refined sugar. Sauces such as ketchup, mayonnaise... contained higher level of refined sugar. Using behavioural influence techniques it could be possible to encourage consumer to reduce their consumption of refine sugar. In this study, the mirror exposure procedure was used in order to decrease students’ sauces consumption in a university cafeteria. A mirror was stand or not in a self-service area with various sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard). People were unobtrusively observed and noticed which of the sauces was taken by each customer and the number of times the customer pressed on the sauce dispenser in order to obtain one dose of sauce. In the mirror exposure, the observers noted if the customer looked at the mirror when using the sauce dispenser. Results showed a decrease in consumption but only with individuals who look at them when using the sauce-dispensers. In a field setting, it was found that the mirror technique is an efficient method to decrease sauce consumption, and by extension, the consumption of refined sugar. The practical and the theoretical interest of this procedure are discussed.
文摘This study determined the concentrations and inhalation bioaccessibility of cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc in some foreign and locally available tobacco snuff and leaves. For the determination of the heavy metals concentration, the samples were ashed and washed with hydrochloric acid according to standard method. The bioaccessibility test employed the Stimulated Epithelial Lung Fluid (SELF). The total concentration of heavy metals in the four samples investigated ranged between 9.7 - 14.9 μg/g, 24.1 - 37.0 μg/g, 41 - 69 μg/g and 153 - 183 μg/g for cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc respectively. The percentage inhalation bioaccessibility fraction of the four samples investigated ranged between 20.8% - 59.8%, 3.3% - 8.1%, 21.7% - 48.8% and 7.6% - 12.5% for cadmium, chromium, nickel, and zinc respectively. Statistical analyses using SPSS 21, revealed significant differences in the total concentration of heavy metals in the samples investigated except for Zinc. Risk assessment based on daily consumption of 10 g of the tobacco snuff employing total concentration of the heavy metals suggests that excluding nickel, all other metals investigated indicated daily intake values above WHO permissible levels. However, with the bioaccessible fractions, only cadmium, a known carcinogen indicated levels above WHO limits. From the results of this study, it can be deduced that consumption of tobacco snuff may induce negative health effects such as cancer and its attendant complications, the risk analysis based on bioaccessible concentration suggests lower health risk than analysis based on total heavy metal concentration;hence the assumption that snuff is a safe alternative to tobacco smoking may be erroneous.
