·The therapeutic effect of selenium(Se)has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO,there appears to be no clear ...·The therapeutic effect of selenium(Se)has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO,there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose,duration of the treatment,efficacy and safety to date.In this review,the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013.The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO.These mechanisms include 1)inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes;2)profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)receptor antibodies(TSHR-Ab)and TPO antibodies(TPO-Ab);3)prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function;4)neutralising reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation,differentiation and action of lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO;5)inhibition of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and 6)inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS.The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease.The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in thesubjects who are hyperthyroid.Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se,the patients with Graves’disease(GD)and autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone.Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se 展开更多
Background The skeletal muscle of pigs is vulnerable to oxidative damage,resulting in growth retardation.Selenoproteins are important components of antioxidant systems for animals,which are generally regulated by diet...Background The skeletal muscle of pigs is vulnerable to oxidative damage,resulting in growth retardation.Selenoproteins are important components of antioxidant systems for animals,which are generally regulated by dietary selenium(Se)level.Here,we developed the dietary oxidative stress(DOS)-inducing pig model to investigate the protective effects of selenoproteins on DOS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation.Results Dietary oxidative stress caused porcine skeletal muscle oxidative damage and growth retardation,which is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and protein and lipid metabolism disorders.Supplementation with Se(0.3,0.6 or 0.9 mg Se/kg)in form of hydroxy selenomethionine(OH-SeMet)linearly increased muscular Se deposition and exhibited protective effects via regulating the expression of selenotranscriptome and key selenoproteins,which was mainly reflected in lower ROS levels and higher antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle,and the mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress.What’s more,selenoproteins inhibited DOS induced protein and lipid degradation and improved protein and lipid biosynthesis via regulating AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/SREBP-1 signalling pathways in skeletal muscle.However,several parameters such as the activity of GSH-Px and T-SOD,the protein abundance of JNK2,CLPP,SELENOS and SELENOF did not show dose-dependent changes.Notably,several key selenoproteins such as MSRB1,SELENOW,SELENOM,SELENON and SELENOS play the unique roles during this protection.Conclusions Increased expression of selenoproteins by dietary OH-SeMet could synergistically alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress,recover protein and lipid biosynthesis,thus alleviate skeletal muscle growth retardation.Our study provides preventive measure for OS-dependent skeletal muscle retardation in livestock husbandry.展开更多
[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium prot...[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.展开更多
<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Purpose: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;fon...<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Purpose: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">This review of the literature intends to provide readers an understanding of the prophylactic and antidotal usefulness of selenium (Se) for mercury (Hg) toxicity. We will provide an explanation of Hg and Se interactions for potential remediation options to contaminated ecosystems.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> Design/methodology/approach: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">In this mini-review, we discuss mechanistic aspects between Hg and Se, the implication for health outcomes, and its usefulness in the ecological recovery of Hg contaminated areas. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Findings: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Mercury has a strong affinity for Se, resulting in Se-dependent enzymes and proteins’ deactivation with devastating consequences to the host. It is likely that Hg’s toxicity results in Se deficiency. Selenium compounds can have prophylactic or antidotal effects to prevent or reverse the adverse toxicity action of Hg exposure. Current research indicates that the chemical interactions between Hg and Se are unique. The Hg capturing capacity of Se is a million times higher than sulfur compounds and results in inactive complexes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Practical implications: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Future work can target engineering methods for technologies that can reduce the toxicity of Hg in the environment.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Originality/value: </span></b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">The unique interactions between the elements are that Hg can compromise Se dependent enzymes;however, pharmacologic doses of Se can prevent or 展开更多
文摘·The therapeutic effect of selenium(Se)has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO,there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose,duration of the treatment,efficacy and safety to date.In this review,the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013.The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO.These mechanisms include 1)inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes;2)profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)receptor antibodies(TSHR-Ab)and TPO antibodies(TPO-Ab);3)prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function;4)neutralising reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation,differentiation and action of lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO;5)inhibition of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and 6)inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS.The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease.The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in thesubjects who are hyperthyroid.Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se,the patients with Graves’disease(GD)and autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone.Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772643 and 31272468)the Special Research Funding for Discipline Construction in Sichuan Agricultural University(No.03570126)Adisseo France(18SES533).
文摘Background The skeletal muscle of pigs is vulnerable to oxidative damage,resulting in growth retardation.Selenoproteins are important components of antioxidant systems for animals,which are generally regulated by dietary selenium(Se)level.Here,we developed the dietary oxidative stress(DOS)-inducing pig model to investigate the protective effects of selenoproteins on DOS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation.Results Dietary oxidative stress caused porcine skeletal muscle oxidative damage and growth retardation,which is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and protein and lipid metabolism disorders.Supplementation with Se(0.3,0.6 or 0.9 mg Se/kg)in form of hydroxy selenomethionine(OH-SeMet)linearly increased muscular Se deposition and exhibited protective effects via regulating the expression of selenotranscriptome and key selenoproteins,which was mainly reflected in lower ROS levels and higher antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle,and the mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress.What’s more,selenoproteins inhibited DOS induced protein and lipid degradation and improved protein and lipid biosynthesis via regulating AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/SREBP-1 signalling pathways in skeletal muscle.However,several parameters such as the activity of GSH-Px and T-SOD,the protein abundance of JNK2,CLPP,SELENOS and SELENOF did not show dose-dependent changes.Notably,several key selenoproteins such as MSRB1,SELENOW,SELENOM,SELENON and SELENOS play the unique roles during this protection.Conclusions Increased expression of selenoproteins by dietary OH-SeMet could synergistically alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress,recover protein and lipid biosynthesis,thus alleviate skeletal muscle growth retardation.Our study provides preventive measure for OS-dependent skeletal muscle retardation in livestock husbandry.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17202026)Program for Scientific Research and Technology Development in Xixiangtant District of Nanning City(201710304)+7 种基金the Special Fund for the Innovation-Driven Development in Guangxi(Guike AA17202019-4&AA17202019)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017JM03)the Program for the Scientific Research and Technology Development in Guangxi(Guikehe415104001-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017YZ03)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Guike AB16380088)the Experiment Station for Selenium Featured Crops in Guangxi(Gui TS2016011)the Key Research and Development Program of Qingxiu District,Guangxi(2016039)the Scientific and Technological Transformative Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(NO.2017NZ04)
文摘[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.
文摘<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Purpose: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">This review of the literature intends to provide readers an understanding of the prophylactic and antidotal usefulness of selenium (Se) for mercury (Hg) toxicity. We will provide an explanation of Hg and Se interactions for potential remediation options to contaminated ecosystems.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> Design/methodology/approach: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">In this mini-review, we discuss mechanistic aspects between Hg and Se, the implication for health outcomes, and its usefulness in the ecological recovery of Hg contaminated areas. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Findings: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Mercury has a strong affinity for Se, resulting in Se-dependent enzymes and proteins’ deactivation with devastating consequences to the host. It is likely that Hg’s toxicity results in Se deficiency. Selenium compounds can have prophylactic or antidotal effects to prevent or reverse the adverse toxicity action of Hg exposure. Current research indicates that the chemical interactions between Hg and Se are unique. The Hg capturing capacity of Se is a million times higher than sulfur compounds and results in inactive complexes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Practical implications: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Future work can target engineering methods for technologies that can reduce the toxicity of Hg in the environment.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Originality/value: </span></b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">The unique interactions between the elements are that Hg can compromise Se dependent enzymes;however, pharmacologic doses of Se can prevent or
