Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary field that has been rapidly developing in the past few decades. New ideas and perspectives that emphasize spatial heterogeneity, hierarchical linkages, and interactions betwee...Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary field that has been rapidly developing in the past few decades. New ideas and perspectives that emphasize spatial heterogeneity, hierarchical linkages, and interactions between pattern, process, and scale have given the field an unique and significant identity. This paper is intended to review and synthesize the recent advances in landscape ecology, presenting a set of core concepts and theories, which include scale, pattern-process, spatial heterogeneity, edge effect, hierarchy theory, patch dynamics, patch-corridor-matrix model, island biogeographic theory, metapopulation theory, landscape connectivity, neutral models, and percolation theory.展开更多
目的依托国家十五攻关课题,采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表（the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）中文版,对我国脑卒中人群进行信度、效度和敏感度的多中心、大样本研究。方法信度检验用Cronbach＇sα系数、Guttman Sp...目的依托国家十五攻关课题,采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表（the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）中文版,对我国脑卒中人群进行信度、效度和敏感度的多中心、大样本研究。方法信度检验用Cronbach＇sα系数、Guttman Split-half和spearson相关系数（重测信度）来评价。采用人为推理判断方法评价内容效度;采用因子分析法考核量表的结构效度;通过相关分析考察量表的效标效度。各领域敏感度通过配对t检验来评估。结果完成随访评定537例。NIH-SS中文版除0 d和7 d外,有较好的条目内部一致性,各领域的重测信度除共济运动、凝视外,其他维度的重测信度系数均在0.5-1之间。各时点的累计贡献率范围为88.6%-90.17%,具有很好的结构效度;哥拉斯格结局量表（Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS）,Barthel生活能力指数（Barthel In-dex,BI）为效标,NIHSS与二者相关性高。12个领域显示了理想的敏感度。除7 d的凝视、忽视外,NIHSS总分及各条目在各个时点有较好敏感度。结论NIHSS中译本是一个有很好信度、效度和敏感度的卒中量表,中医药研究治疗急性缺血中风适合使用急性前循环卒中的疗效评价。展开更多
目的研究脑卒中患者中文版Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)的信度和效度。方法 147例急性脑卒中患者分别由不同评定者对同一脑卒中患者于入院当天、入院第15天、发病后第90天进行BI的评定。用Kappa值表示重测信度与评定者间信度,用Cronb...目的研究脑卒中患者中文版Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)的信度和效度。方法 147例急性脑卒中患者分别由不同评定者对同一脑卒中患者于入院当天、入院第15天、发病后第90天进行BI的评定。用Kappa值表示重测信度与评定者间信度,用Cronbachα值表示分半信度、内部一致性信度。采用Spearman相关分析预测效度,采用因子分析方法评定结构效度。结果所有重测信度、评定者间信度的Kappa值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);分半信度:BI奇偶项两部分的Cronbachα值分别为0.837、0.824,两部分的rs为0.903;内部一致信度:Cronbachα值为0.916;效度研究中患者的KMO统计量为0.854,Bartlett球形检验拒绝相关阵是单位阵(P<0.01);入院时、发病15天的BI评分结果与发病90天后BI呈正相关(rs=0.614,0.583,均P<0.01);与斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(Scandinavian Stroke Scale,SSS)结果呈正相关(rs=0.619,0.704,0.882,均P<0.01),与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)呈负相关(rs=-0.587,-0.705,-0.790,均P<0.01)。结论中文版的BI重测信度和评定者间信度佳,内部一致性好;具有结构效度、预测效度;使用方便,易于掌握,可广泛应用于脑卒中的评定中。展开更多
The North China Craton (NCC) is a classical example of ancient destroyed cratons.Since the initiation of the North China Craton Destruction Project by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,numerous studies ...The North China Craton (NCC) is a classical example of ancient destroyed cratons.Since the initiation of the North China Craton Destruction Project by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,numerous studies have been conducted on the timing,scale,and mechanism of this destruction through combined interdisciplinary research.Available data suggest that the destruction occurred mainly in the eastern NCC,whereas the western NCC was only locally modified.The sedimentation,magmatic activities and structural deformation after cratonization at ～1.8 Ga indicate that the NCC destruction took place in the Mesozoic with a peak age of ca 125 Ma.A global comparison suggests that most cratons on Earth are not destroyed,although they have commonly experienced lithospheric thinning;destruction is likely to occur only when the craton has been disturbed by oceanic subduction.The destruction of the NCC was coincident with globally active plate tectonics and high mantle temperatures during the Cretaceous.The subducted Pacific slab destabilized mantle convection beneath the eastern NCC,which resulted in cratonic destruction in the eastern NCC.Delamination and/or thermal-mechanical-chemical erosion resulted from the destabilization of mantle convection.展开更多
This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multis...This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.展开更多
文摘Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary field that has been rapidly developing in the past few decades. New ideas and perspectives that emphasize spatial heterogeneity, hierarchical linkages, and interactions between pattern, process, and scale have given the field an unique and significant identity. This paper is intended to review and synthesize the recent advances in landscape ecology, presenting a set of core concepts and theories, which include scale, pattern-process, spatial heterogeneity, edge effect, hierarchy theory, patch dynamics, patch-corridor-matrix model, island biogeographic theory, metapopulation theory, landscape connectivity, neutral models, and percolation theory.
文摘目的依托国家十五攻关课题,采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表（the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）中文版,对我国脑卒中人群进行信度、效度和敏感度的多中心、大样本研究。方法信度检验用Cronbach＇sα系数、Guttman Split-half和spearson相关系数（重测信度）来评价。采用人为推理判断方法评价内容效度;采用因子分析法考核量表的结构效度;通过相关分析考察量表的效标效度。各领域敏感度通过配对t检验来评估。结果完成随访评定537例。NIH-SS中文版除0 d和7 d外,有较好的条目内部一致性,各领域的重测信度除共济运动、凝视外,其他维度的重测信度系数均在0.5-1之间。各时点的累计贡献率范围为88.6%-90.17%,具有很好的结构效度;哥拉斯格结局量表（Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS）,Barthel生活能力指数（Barthel In-dex,BI）为效标,NIHSS与二者相关性高。12个领域显示了理想的敏感度。除7 d的凝视、忽视外,NIHSS总分及各条目在各个时点有较好敏感度。结论NIHSS中译本是一个有很好信度、效度和敏感度的卒中量表,中医药研究治疗急性缺血中风适合使用急性前循环卒中的疗效评价。
文摘目的研究脑卒中患者中文版Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)的信度和效度。方法 147例急性脑卒中患者分别由不同评定者对同一脑卒中患者于入院当天、入院第15天、发病后第90天进行BI的评定。用Kappa值表示重测信度与评定者间信度,用Cronbachα值表示分半信度、内部一致性信度。采用Spearman相关分析预测效度,采用因子分析方法评定结构效度。结果所有重测信度、评定者间信度的Kappa值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);分半信度:BI奇偶项两部分的Cronbachα值分别为0.837、0.824,两部分的rs为0.903;内部一致信度:Cronbachα值为0.916;效度研究中患者的KMO统计量为0.854,Bartlett球形检验拒绝相关阵是单位阵(P<0.01);入院时、发病15天的BI评分结果与发病90天后BI呈正相关(rs=0.614,0.583,均P<0.01);与斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(Scandinavian Stroke Scale,SSS)结果呈正相关(rs=0.619,0.704,0.882,均P<0.01),与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)呈负相关(rs=-0.587,-0.705,-0.790,均P<0.01)。结论中文版的BI重测信度和评定者间信度佳,内部一致性好;具有结构效度、预测效度;使用方便,易于掌握,可广泛应用于脑卒中的评定中。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90814000,90814002)
文摘The North China Craton (NCC) is a classical example of ancient destroyed cratons.Since the initiation of the North China Craton Destruction Project by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,numerous studies have been conducted on the timing,scale,and mechanism of this destruction through combined interdisciplinary research.Available data suggest that the destruction occurred mainly in the eastern NCC,whereas the western NCC was only locally modified.The sedimentation,magmatic activities and structural deformation after cratonization at ～1.8 Ga indicate that the NCC destruction took place in the Mesozoic with a peak age of ca 125 Ma.A global comparison suggests that most cratons on Earth are not destroyed,although they have commonly experienced lithospheric thinning;destruction is likely to occur only when the craton has been disturbed by oceanic subduction.The destruction of the NCC was coincident with globally active plate tectonics and high mantle temperatures during the Cretaceous.The subducted Pacific slab destabilized mantle convection beneath the eastern NCC,which resulted in cratonic destruction in the eastern NCC.Delamination and/or thermal-mechanical-chemical erosion resulted from the destabilization of mantle convection.
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201302002,Clinical Trial NCT02200679)。
文摘This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
