AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) form...AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.展开更多
AIM:Vincristine is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat a variety of malignant diseases,including leukemia and lymphoma.Studies have shown that vincristine cause painful effects,whereas Salvia...AIM:Vincristine is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat a variety of malignant diseases,including leukemia and lymphoma.Studies have shown that vincristine cause painful effects,whereas Salvia officinalis(SO) showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the SO hydro-alcoholic extract on vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice in comparison with morphine.METHODS:Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighing 25-30 g divided into six groups.The individual groups received normal saline,SO hydro-alcoholic extract,vincristine,SO hydro-alcoholic extract and vincristine(12 days before formalin test),morphine,and vincristine and morphine,respectively.The injected hind paw biting and licking was measured in a 5-minute interval for one hour.RESULTS:The results showed that formalin induce significant(P < 0.05) pain responses(the first phase:0-5 min and the second phase:15-40 min after injection).Administration of SO extract before formalin test showed significant(P < 0.05) decrease of pain response in the second phase.Administration of vincristine caused significant(P < 0.05) increase in the second phase of pain response.Injections of SO extract and vincristine showed that SO significantly(P < 0.05) decrease the second phase of vincristine-induced pain.Morphine decreased vincristine-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly(P < 0.05).In comparison,morphine showed analgesic effects in the first phase and SO extract showed significant(P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test.CONCLUSION:Both SO and vincristine showed analgesic and painful neuropathic effects,suggesting that SO extract could be useful in the treatment of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.展开更多
Background: It is important to maintain skin homeostasis for cosmetic and medical reasons. Many ceramide-related ingredients and cosmetics have been developed to improve the skin barrier function and skin hydration. S...Background: It is important to maintain skin homeostasis for cosmetic and medical reasons. Many ceramide-related ingredients and cosmetics have been developed to improve the skin barrier function and skin hydration. Similar to extracellular lipids, the cornified envelope, which is a structure formed beneath the plasma membrane, contributes to the skin barrier function as a scaffold for extracellular lipids. Therefore, in this study, we focused on transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) which is the key enzyme for formation of the cornified envelope Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify compounds that could upregulate the expression of TGM1 and evaluate their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: Expression of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 4 (TRPV4) at the mRNA and protein levels was estimated by PCR and western blotting. Effects of baicalein and Salvia officinalis (SO) extract on TGM1 mRNA expression were measured by PCR. The involvement of TRPV4 in TGM1 mRNA expression was evaluated by the inhibition and silencing of TRPV4. Results: TRPV4 was expressed in both basal cell-like HaCaT cells and suprabasal cell-like HaCaT cells. Baicalein and SO extract upregulated TGM1 mRNA expression in basal cell-like HaCaT cells. However, inhibition and silencing of TRPV4 abrogated the effects of baicalein and SO extract. Conclusion: Baicalein and SO extract upregulated the expression of TGM1 mRNA via the activation of TRPV4, suggesting that it may improve the skin barrier function by enhancing cornified envelope formation.展开更多
The Tlemcen region is located in north-western Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Salvia officinalis was carried out in three statio...The Tlemcen region is located in north-western Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Salvia officinalis was carried out in three stations belonging to this area from February to June 2015. The specific richness of the Gastropods is 9 divided into three families: Milacidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. The second includes two subfamilies including that of Helicinae and that of Helicellinae. Two species are constant, 01 is incidental and the 06 others are very accidental. The relative importance of snails fluctuates according to the stations and according to the months and the seasons. In winter, in the first station the malacological richness is equal to 6. In February, the specific richness is relatively important in the 2nd station with a value equal to 7. Milax nigricans (Milacidae) has a frequency of 10% in station 1 and has a density of 0.1 in this same station. It is absent in the other two stations. Euparypha pisana has a frequency of 60% in station 3 and an abundance of 0.57 in this same station.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the in vitro antiproliferative action of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L.(S. officinalis) grown in Sicily(Italy), and its main components on hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. Metho...Objective: To investigate the in vitro antiproliferative action of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L.(S. officinalis) grown in Sicily(Italy), and its main components on hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. Methods: S. officinalis essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation. The actions of the S. officinalis essential oil and its three principal components(毩-thujone, 1,8-cineole and camphor) were evaluated in LNCaP cells(prostate carcinoma), MCF7 cells(breast carcinoma) and He La cells(cervical carcinoma) at various dosages and diverse time points. Cell viability and proliferation were estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: S. officinalis essential oil at doses of 100 μg/m L and 200 μg/m L induced a significant reduction of cell viability in MCF7, LNCa P and He La cell lines after a 48-hour incubation. The same cell lines also showed decreased cell viability when they were treated with a mixture of three major components of the essential oil, at doses of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, after a 48-hour incubation. Conclusions: These preliminary results could shed light on the formulation of new therapeutic agents with antiproliferative activity. Thus supplementary investigations are fundamental to examine the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of this species of Salvia in cancer cells and to achieve confirmation of its in vivo anticancer activity.展开更多
Salvia officinalis has been commonly used in Syria and other Middle East countries in popular medicine for many medical purposes. One of the strong claims about its properties is the spasmolytic effect. The aim of thi...Salvia officinalis has been commonly used in Syria and other Middle East countries in popular medicine for many medical purposes. One of the strong claims about its properties is the spasmolytic effect. The aim of this research was to investigate the spasmolytic effect of ethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis in isolated rabbit ileum preparations. Male rabbits were sacrificed and portions of ileum were isolated and mounted in Tyrode’s solution. Afterwards, the experiments were performed according to different groups with different spasmogenic agents: the first group was only with spontaneous contraction, the second was KCl-induced contractions and the third was Carbachol-induced contractions. The examined extract was added cumulatively in all previous groups. Verapamil was used as a reference. The results showed profound relaxing effect of S. officinalis extract in mentioned groups, especially in the group of KCl-induced contraction. These findings suggest that the main mechanism of the spasmolytic action is related to the inhibition of calcium entry through cell membrane as well as via internal stores.展开更多
文摘AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
文摘AIM:Vincristine is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat a variety of malignant diseases,including leukemia and lymphoma.Studies have shown that vincristine cause painful effects,whereas Salvia officinalis(SO) showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the SO hydro-alcoholic extract on vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice in comparison with morphine.METHODS:Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighing 25-30 g divided into six groups.The individual groups received normal saline,SO hydro-alcoholic extract,vincristine,SO hydro-alcoholic extract and vincristine(12 days before formalin test),morphine,and vincristine and morphine,respectively.The injected hind paw biting and licking was measured in a 5-minute interval for one hour.RESULTS:The results showed that formalin induce significant(P < 0.05) pain responses(the first phase:0-5 min and the second phase:15-40 min after injection).Administration of SO extract before formalin test showed significant(P < 0.05) decrease of pain response in the second phase.Administration of vincristine caused significant(P < 0.05) increase in the second phase of pain response.Injections of SO extract and vincristine showed that SO significantly(P < 0.05) decrease the second phase of vincristine-induced pain.Morphine decreased vincristine-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly(P < 0.05).In comparison,morphine showed analgesic effects in the first phase and SO extract showed significant(P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test.CONCLUSION:Both SO and vincristine showed analgesic and painful neuropathic effects,suggesting that SO extract could be useful in the treatment of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
文摘Background: It is important to maintain skin homeostasis for cosmetic and medical reasons. Many ceramide-related ingredients and cosmetics have been developed to improve the skin barrier function and skin hydration. Similar to extracellular lipids, the cornified envelope, which is a structure formed beneath the plasma membrane, contributes to the skin barrier function as a scaffold for extracellular lipids. Therefore, in this study, we focused on transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) which is the key enzyme for formation of the cornified envelope Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify compounds that could upregulate the expression of TGM1 and evaluate their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: Expression of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 4 (TRPV4) at the mRNA and protein levels was estimated by PCR and western blotting. Effects of baicalein and Salvia officinalis (SO) extract on TGM1 mRNA expression were measured by PCR. The involvement of TRPV4 in TGM1 mRNA expression was evaluated by the inhibition and silencing of TRPV4. Results: TRPV4 was expressed in both basal cell-like HaCaT cells and suprabasal cell-like HaCaT cells. Baicalein and SO extract upregulated TGM1 mRNA expression in basal cell-like HaCaT cells. However, inhibition and silencing of TRPV4 abrogated the effects of baicalein and SO extract. Conclusion: Baicalein and SO extract upregulated the expression of TGM1 mRNA via the activation of TRPV4, suggesting that it may improve the skin barrier function by enhancing cornified envelope formation.
文摘The Tlemcen region is located in north-western Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Salvia officinalis was carried out in three stations belonging to this area from February to June 2015. The specific richness of the Gastropods is 9 divided into three families: Milacidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. The second includes two subfamilies including that of Helicinae and that of Helicellinae. Two species are constant, 01 is incidental and the 06 others are very accidental. The relative importance of snails fluctuates according to the stations and according to the months and the seasons. In winter, in the first station the malacological richness is equal to 6. In February, the specific richness is relatively important in the 2nd station with a value equal to 7. Milax nigricans (Milacidae) has a frequency of 10% in station 1 and has a density of 0.1 in this same station. It is absent in the other two stations. Euparypha pisana has a frequency of 60% in station 3 and an abundance of 0.57 in this same station.
文摘Objective: To investigate the in vitro antiproliferative action of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L.(S. officinalis) grown in Sicily(Italy), and its main components on hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. Methods: S. officinalis essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation. The actions of the S. officinalis essential oil and its three principal components(毩-thujone, 1,8-cineole and camphor) were evaluated in LNCaP cells(prostate carcinoma), MCF7 cells(breast carcinoma) and He La cells(cervical carcinoma) at various dosages and diverse time points. Cell viability and proliferation were estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: S. officinalis essential oil at doses of 100 μg/m L and 200 μg/m L induced a significant reduction of cell viability in MCF7, LNCa P and He La cell lines after a 48-hour incubation. The same cell lines also showed decreased cell viability when they were treated with a mixture of three major components of the essential oil, at doses of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, after a 48-hour incubation. Conclusions: These preliminary results could shed light on the formulation of new therapeutic agents with antiproliferative activity. Thus supplementary investigations are fundamental to examine the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of this species of Salvia in cancer cells and to achieve confirmation of its in vivo anticancer activity.
文摘Salvia officinalis has been commonly used in Syria and other Middle East countries in popular medicine for many medical purposes. One of the strong claims about its properties is the spasmolytic effect. The aim of this research was to investigate the spasmolytic effect of ethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis in isolated rabbit ileum preparations. Male rabbits were sacrificed and portions of ileum were isolated and mounted in Tyrode’s solution. Afterwards, the experiments were performed according to different groups with different spasmogenic agents: the first group was only with spontaneous contraction, the second was KCl-induced contractions and the third was Carbachol-induced contractions. The examined extract was added cumulatively in all previous groups. Verapamil was used as a reference. The results showed profound relaxing effect of S. officinalis extract in mentioned groups, especially in the group of KCl-induced contraction. These findings suggest that the main mechanism of the spasmolytic action is related to the inhibition of calcium entry through cell membrane as well as via internal stores.
