【目的】作为西洋参Panax quinquefolium L.的新害虫,似士维螨Schwiebea similis Manson蛀食参根,造成较大的经济损失。本研究旨在测定它对参根的取食量,进而为估算其经济阈值提供参数。【方法】本实验将似士维螨活雌螨接种于含湿沙和...【目的】作为西洋参Panax quinquefolium L.的新害虫,似士维螨Schwiebea similis Manson蛀食参根,造成较大的经济损失。本研究旨在测定它对参根的取食量,进而为估算其经济阈值提供参数。【方法】本实验将似士维螨活雌螨接种于含湿沙和西洋参根粉的培养皿中塑料环内,在7级雌螨接种量N_0（每环1,2,3,4,5,6和7♀）和5个温阶T（15.6,18.5,21.2,24.5和27.2℃）条件下培养其实验种群,记载并分析了5类变量：安居期D、峰螨数N_p、雌均殖数PCR、成虫当量AE和均食量FA。【结果】变量D随T升高而快速下降,也因N_0增加而缓慢下降;N_p随N_0增加而显著上升,其回归式为N_p=21.8＋17.2N_0;PCR随N_0增加而显著下降,PCR=63.4-28.1N_0＋6.2N0^2-0.4N0^3,其曲线变化趋势与N_p相反;同时发现了螨虫拥挤效应;AE随N_0增加而显著上升,AE=16.2＋12.7N_0;FA=0.25±0.13 mg/头。【结论】这5类变量较为全面地反映了似士维螨实验种群的食量范围和繁殖潜势。上述估算值将为探索其经济阈值提供依据;所用实验方法将为同类研究提供参考。展开更多
This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment.Three-week-old ma...This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment.Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions:a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks,respectively,hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks,and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks.Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological,endocrine,and molecular levels.Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters,body functions,blood indices,and reproductive potential.Six weeks after returning to a normal environment,the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms.However,several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks,including disorders of body development and metabolism,increased red blood cells,increased fasting blood glucose,abnormal blood lipid metabolism,decreased testicular and epididymis weights,abnormal reproductive hormone levels,excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells,and decreased sperm concentration.In summary,a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats,and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.展开更多
Though females are generally more selective in mate choice, males may also benefit from mate choice if male reproductive success is limited by factors other than simply the number of female mates, and if females diffe...Though females are generally more selective in mate choice, males may also benefit from mate choice if male reproductive success is limited by factors other than simply the number of female mates, and if females differ in short-term reproductive potential. We studied male mate choice in a free-ranging troop of Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Mt. Huangshan, China, from August 2007 to April 2008. We employed focal animal sampling and all occurrence sampling to record sexual related behaviors. Eight adult females were divided into three female quality categories according to the females＇ age, rank and parity. Using male mating effort as a proxy for male mate choice, we found that males do distinguish female quality and show time-variant mating strategies. Specifically, females with dominant rank, high fecundity, and middle age attracted significantly more males. Our results suggest that female short-term reproductive potential appears to be an important variable in determining male mating effort. Male Tibetan macaques do exercise mate choice for higher quality females as well as reduce useless reproductive cost, which is consistent with the direct benefits theory of mate choice.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant No.ZR2020QH365)the Hospital Level Project of Shandong Province Maternal and Child Health Hospital(grant No.2021SFF062)+1 种基金Shandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan(grant No.202006021519 and 202004050054)Open project of Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China(grant No.2021005)。
文摘This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment.Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions:a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks,respectively,hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks,and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks.Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological,endocrine,and molecular levels.Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters,body functions,blood indices,and reproductive potential.Six weeks after returning to a normal environment,the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms.However,several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks,including disorders of body development and metabolism,increased red blood cells,increased fasting blood glucose,abnormal blood lipid metabolism,decreased testicular and epididymis weights,abnormal reproductive hormone levels,excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells,and decreased sperm concentration.In summary,a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats,and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30570237)Outstanding Youth Foundation of Anhui (No.040443070)+1 种基金Technological Innovation team of Anhui Education Bureau (TD200703)Talent Development Foundation of Anhui, Academic Innovation team of Anhui University
文摘Though females are generally more selective in mate choice, males may also benefit from mate choice if male reproductive success is limited by factors other than simply the number of female mates, and if females differ in short-term reproductive potential. We studied male mate choice in a free-ranging troop of Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Mt. Huangshan, China, from August 2007 to April 2008. We employed focal animal sampling and all occurrence sampling to record sexual related behaviors. Eight adult females were divided into three female quality categories according to the females＇ age, rank and parity. Using male mating effort as a proxy for male mate choice, we found that males do distinguish female quality and show time-variant mating strategies. Specifically, females with dominant rank, high fecundity, and middle age attracted significantly more males. Our results suggest that female short-term reproductive potential appears to be an important variable in determining male mating effort. Male Tibetan macaques do exercise mate choice for higher quality females as well as reduce useless reproductive cost, which is consistent with the direct benefits theory of mate choice.
