The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(1)genes in bo...The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(1)genes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in vitro.The full-length rat TGF-β_(1)cDNA was transfected to MSCs mediated by lipofectamine and then selected with G418,a synthetic neomycin analog.The transient and stable expression of TGF-β_(1)by MSCs was detected by using immunohistochemical staining.The lipofectamine-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfected MSCs in vitro with the TGF-β_(1)gene causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-β_(1)expression as compared with the vector-transfected control groups,and the increased expression persisted for at least 4 weeks after selected with G418.It was suggested that bone marrow-derived MSCs were susceptible to in vitro lipofectamine mediated TGF-β_(1)gene transfer and that transgene expression persisted for at least 4 weeks.Having successfully combined the existing techniques of tissue engineering with the novel possibilities offered by modern gene transfer technology,an innovative concept,i.e.molecular tissue engineering,are put forward for the first time.As a new branch of tissue engineering,it represents both a new area and an important trend in research.Using this technique,we have a new powerful tool with which:(1)to modify the functional biology of articular tissue repair along defined pathways of growth and differentiation and(2)to affect a better repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects that occur as a result of injury and osteoarthritis.展开更多
Direct coaptation of contralateral C7 to the upper trunk could avoid the interposition of nerve grafts. We have successfully shortened the gap and graft lengths, and even achieved direct coaptation. However, direct re...Direct coaptation of contralateral C7 to the upper trunk could avoid the interposition of nerve grafts. We have successfully shortened the gap and graft lengths, and even achieved direct coaptation. However, direct repair can only be performed in some selected cases, and partial procedures still require autografts, which are the gold standard for repairing neurologic defects. As symptoms often occur after autografting, human acellular nerve allografts have been used to avoid concomitant symptoms. This study investigated the quality of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion following direct repair and acellular allografting to evaluate issues requiring attention for brachial plexus injury repair. Fifty-one brachial plexus injury patients in the surgical database were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Direct repair was performed in 27 patients, while acellular nerve allografts were used to bridge the gap between the contralateral C7 nerve root and upper trunk in 24 patients. The length of the harvested contralateral C7 nerve root was measured intraoperatively. Deltoid and biceps muscle strength, and degrees of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion were examined according to the British Medical Research Council scoring system;meaningful recovery was defined as M3–M5. Lengths of anterior and posterior divisions of the contralateral C7 in the direct repair group were 7.64 ± 0.69 mm and 7.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively, and in the acellular nerve allografts group were 6.46 ± 0.58 mm and 6.43 ± 0.59 mm, respectively. After a minimum of 4-year follow-up, meaningful recoveries of deltoid and biceps muscles in the direct repair group were 88.89% and 85.19%, respectively, while they were 70.83% and 66.67% in the acellular nerve allografts group. Time to C5/C6 reinnervation was shorter in the direct repair group compared with the acellular nerve allografts group. Direct repair facilitated the restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion展开更多
Micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with outstanding performance are promising candidates for next-generation displays.To achieve the application of high-resolution displays such as meta-displays,virtual reality,an...Micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with outstanding performance are promising candidates for next-generation displays.To achieve the application of high-resolution displays such as meta-displays,virtual reality,and wearable electronics,the size of LEDs must be reduced to the micro-scale.Thus,traditional technology cannot meet the demand during the processing of micro-LEDs.Recently,lasers with short-duration pulses have attracted attention because of their unique advantages during micro-LED processing such as noncontact processing,adjustable energy and speed of the laser beam,no cutting force acting on the devices,high efficiency,and low cost.Herein,we review the techniques and principles of laser-based technologies for micro-LED displays,including chip dicing,geometry shaping,annealing,laserassisted bonding,laser lift-off,defect detection,laser repair,mass transfer,and optimization of quantum dot color conversion films.Moreover,the future prospects and challenges of laser-based techniques for micro-LED displays are discussed.展开更多
Repair effects of rutin and quercetin on purine deoxynucleotide radical cations were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. On electron pulse irradiation of N2 saturated deoxynucleotide aqueous solution containing ...Repair effects of rutin and quercetin on purine deoxynucleotide radical cations were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. On electron pulse irradiation of N2 saturated deoxynucleotide aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L K2S2O8, 200 mmol/L f-BuOH and rutin or quercetin, the transient absorption spectra of the deoxynucleotide radical cations decayed quickly. At the same time, the spectra of flavonoid phenoxyl radicals formed within several dozen microseconds. The results indicated that deoxynucleotide radical cations can be repaired by flavonoids. The rate constants of the repair reactions were 3.8 × 108-4.4×108 mol-1 · L · s-1 and 1.3×108-1.8×108 mol-1 · L · s-1 for dAMP and dGMP radical cations, respectively.展开更多
Background Repair of anterior mitral leaflet （AML） prolapse is still a technical challenge for cardiac surgeons. It is an important issue to find a way to repair the AML prolapse with a reliable and reproducible tec...Background Repair of anterior mitral leaflet （AML） prolapse is still a technical challenge for cardiac surgeons. It is an important issue to find a way to repair the AML prolapse with a reliable and reproducible technique.Methods Between January 2002 and June 2009, the operation of chordal transfer based on the ＂edge-to-edge＂technique was performed in 21 patients with serious mitral valve regurgitation because of prolapse of the anterior leaflet.After the operation, echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the time of follow-up.Results All patients survived the operation. One patient required mitral valve replacement because of anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operation. The other patients were free from reoperation. At the time of follow-up, all these patients were in New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional class I. In all these patients, pre-discharge and follow-up echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve： the cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3-4.8 cm2 （mean （3.78：±0.52） cm2）, the mean regurgitation area was （0.45：±0.22） cm2. At the same time, both dimension of left atrium and left ventricle reduced significantly （left atrium diameter： pre-operation （48.26±11.12） mm, post-operation （37.57±9.56） mm, P 〈0.05; the end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle：pre-operation （61.43±8.24） mm, post-operation （42.35±10.79） mm, P〈0.01）.Conclusion ＂Edge-to-edge＂ chordal transfer technique is a simple, reliable, and reproducible technique that can provide good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.展开更多
Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect re...Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function.In this rat nerve injury study,the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected.The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii.After targeted muscle reinnervation,intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded.Signal amplitude gradually increased with time.Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods.Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.展开更多
Phrenic nerve transfer is a major dynamic treatment used to repair brachial plexus root avulsion. We analyzed 72 relevant articles on phrenic nerve transfer to repair injured brachial plexus that were indexed by Scien...Phrenic nerve transfer is a major dynamic treatment used to repair brachial plexus root avulsion. We analyzed 72 relevant articles on phrenic nerve transfer to repair injured brachial plexus that were indexed by Science Citation Index. The keywords searched were brachial plexus injury, phrenic nerve, repair, surgery, protection, nerve transfer, and nerve graft. In addition, we per-formed neurophysiological analysis of the preoperative condition and prognosis of 10 patients undergoing ipsilateral phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in our hospital from 2008 to 201 3 and observed the electromyograms of the biceps brachii and motor conduc-tion function of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clinically, approximately 28% of patients had brachial plexus injury combined with phrenic nerve injury, and injured phrenic nerve cannot be used as a nerve graft. After phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve, the regener-ated potentials ifrst appeared at 3 months. Recovery of motor unit action potential occurred 6 months later and became more apparent at 12 months. The percent of patients recovering ‘ex-cellent’ and ‘good’ muscle strength in the biceps brachii was 80% after 18 months. At 12 months after surgery, motor nerve conduction potential appeared in the musculocutaneous nerve in seven cases. These data suggest that preoperative evaluation of phrenic nerve function may help identify the most appropriate nerve graft in patients with an injured brachial plexus. The func-tional recovery of a transplanted nerve can be dynamically observed after the surgery.展开更多
The evolution of temperature field of the continual motion induction cladding and the depth of heat affected zone are studied in this study.A three-dimensional finite element model for the point type continual inducti...The evolution of temperature field of the continual motion induction cladding and the depth of heat affected zone are studied in this study.A three-dimensional finite element model for the point type continual induction cladding is established to investigate temperature distributions of fixed and motion induction cladding modes.The novel inductor is designed for cladding of curved surfaces.The modeling reliability is verified by the temperature measurements.The influence of process parameters on the maximum temperature and the generation and transfer of heat are studied.Quantitative calculation is performed to its melting rate to verify the temperature distribution and microstructures.The results show that a good metallurgical bond can be formed between the cladding layer and substrate.The melting rate gradually falls from the top of the cladding layer to the substrate,and the grain size in the substrate gradually rises.The heat affected zone is relatively small compared to integral heating.展开更多
Brachial plexus injury is frequently induced by injuries, accidents or birth trauma. Upper limb function may be partially or totally lost after injury, or left permanently disabled. With the de- velopment of various m...Brachial plexus injury is frequently induced by injuries, accidents or birth trauma. Upper limb function may be partially or totally lost after injury, or left permanently disabled. With the de- velopment of various medical technologies, different types of interventions are used, but their effectiveness is wide ranging. Many repair methods have phasic characteristics, i.e., repairs are done in different phases. This study explored research progress and hot topic methods for pro- tection after brachial plexus injury, by analyzing 1,797 articles concerning the repair of brachial plexus injuries, published between 2004 and 2013 and indexed by the Science Citation Index database. Results revealed that there are many methods used to repair brachial plexus injury, and their effects are varied. Intervention methods include nerve transfer surgery, electrical stimula- tion, cell transplantation, neurotrophic factor therapy and drug treatment. Therapeutic methods in this field change according to the hot topic of research.展开更多
DNA damaged by oxygen radicals has been implicated as a causative event in a number of degenerative diseases, including cancer and aging. So it is very impotant to look for ways in which either oxygen radicals are sca...DNA damaged by oxygen radicals has been implicated as a causative event in a number of degenerative diseases, including cancer and aging. So it is very impotant to look for ways in which either oxygen radicals are scavenged prior to DNA damage or damaged DNA is repaired to supplement the cells' inadequate repair capacity. The repair activity and its mechanism of verbascoside, isolated from Pedicularis species, towards dAMP-OH· was studied with pulse radiolytic technique. On pulse irradiation of nitrous oxide saturated 2 mmol/L dAMP aqueous solution containing verbascoside, the transient absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl adduct of dAMP decayed with the formation of that of the phenoxyl radical of verbascoside well under 100 microseconds after electron pulse irradiation. The result indicated that dAMP hydroxyl adducts can be repaired by verbascoside. The rate constants of the repair reaction was deduced to be 5.9 x 108 dm3 · mol-1 · s-1 . A deeper understanding of this new repair mechanism will undoubtedly help researchers explore new prevent and/or intervening medicine.展开更多
文摘The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(1)genes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in vitro.The full-length rat TGF-β_(1)cDNA was transfected to MSCs mediated by lipofectamine and then selected with G418,a synthetic neomycin analog.The transient and stable expression of TGF-β_(1)by MSCs was detected by using immunohistochemical staining.The lipofectamine-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfected MSCs in vitro with the TGF-β_(1)gene causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-β_(1)expression as compared with the vector-transfected control groups,and the increased expression persisted for at least 4 weeks after selected with G418.It was suggested that bone marrow-derived MSCs were susceptible to in vitro lipofectamine mediated TGF-β_(1)gene transfer and that transgene expression persisted for at least 4 weeks.Having successfully combined the existing techniques of tissue engineering with the novel possibilities offered by modern gene transfer technology,an innovative concept,i.e.molecular tissue engineering,are put forward for the first time.As a new branch of tissue engineering,it represents both a new area and an important trend in research.Using this technique,we have a new powerful tool with which:(1)to modify the functional biology of articular tissue repair along defined pathways of growth and differentiation and(2)to affect a better repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects that occur as a result of injury and osteoarthritis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572130(to LQG)and 81601057(to JTY)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China,No.2016YFC1101603(to XLL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2015A030310350(to JTY)
文摘Direct coaptation of contralateral C7 to the upper trunk could avoid the interposition of nerve grafts. We have successfully shortened the gap and graft lengths, and even achieved direct coaptation. However, direct repair can only be performed in some selected cases, and partial procedures still require autografts, which are the gold standard for repairing neurologic defects. As symptoms often occur after autografting, human acellular nerve allografts have been used to avoid concomitant symptoms. This study investigated the quality of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion following direct repair and acellular allografting to evaluate issues requiring attention for brachial plexus injury repair. Fifty-one brachial plexus injury patients in the surgical database were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Direct repair was performed in 27 patients, while acellular nerve allografts were used to bridge the gap between the contralateral C7 nerve root and upper trunk in 24 patients. The length of the harvested contralateral C7 nerve root was measured intraoperatively. Deltoid and biceps muscle strength, and degrees of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion were examined according to the British Medical Research Council scoring system;meaningful recovery was defined as M3–M5. Lengths of anterior and posterior divisions of the contralateral C7 in the direct repair group were 7.64 ± 0.69 mm and 7.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively, and in the acellular nerve allografts group were 6.46 ± 0.58 mm and 6.43 ± 0.59 mm, respectively. After a minimum of 4-year follow-up, meaningful recoveries of deltoid and biceps muscles in the direct repair group were 88.89% and 85.19%, respectively, while they were 70.83% and 66.67% in the acellular nerve allografts group. Time to C5/C6 reinnervation was shorter in the direct repair group compared with the acellular nerve allografts group. Direct repair facilitated the restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274138,11904302)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2023J06012)+2 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project in Fujian Province of China (2021H0011)Fujian Province Central Guidance Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project In 2022 (2022L3058)Compound semiconductor technology Collaborative Innovation Platform project of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone (3502ZCQXT2022005)。
文摘Micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with outstanding performance are promising candidates for next-generation displays.To achieve the application of high-resolution displays such as meta-displays,virtual reality,and wearable electronics,the size of LEDs must be reduced to the micro-scale.Thus,traditional technology cannot meet the demand during the processing of micro-LEDs.Recently,lasers with short-duration pulses have attracted attention because of their unique advantages during micro-LED processing such as noncontact processing,adjustable energy and speed of the laser beam,no cutting force acting on the devices,high efficiency,and low cost.Herein,we review the techniques and principles of laser-based technologies for micro-LED displays,including chip dicing,geometry shaping,annealing,laserassisted bonding,laser lift-off,defect detection,laser repair,mass transfer,and optimization of quantum dot color conversion films.Moreover,the future prospects and challenges of laser-based techniques for micro-LED displays are discussed.
基金This work was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.39870902), the Doctoral Programme of the Education Ministry of China, and the China-France Cooperative Research Sponsored by the Education Ministry of China.
文摘Repair effects of rutin and quercetin on purine deoxynucleotide radical cations were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. On electron pulse irradiation of N2 saturated deoxynucleotide aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L K2S2O8, 200 mmol/L f-BuOH and rutin or quercetin, the transient absorption spectra of the deoxynucleotide radical cations decayed quickly. At the same time, the spectra of flavonoid phenoxyl radicals formed within several dozen microseconds. The results indicated that deoxynucleotide radical cations can be repaired by flavonoids. The rate constants of the repair reactions were 3.8 × 108-4.4×108 mol-1 · L · s-1 and 1.3×108-1.8×108 mol-1 · L · s-1 for dAMP and dGMP radical cations, respectively.
文摘Background Repair of anterior mitral leaflet （AML） prolapse is still a technical challenge for cardiac surgeons. It is an important issue to find a way to repair the AML prolapse with a reliable and reproducible technique.Methods Between January 2002 and June 2009, the operation of chordal transfer based on the ＂edge-to-edge＂technique was performed in 21 patients with serious mitral valve regurgitation because of prolapse of the anterior leaflet.After the operation, echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the time of follow-up.Results All patients survived the operation. One patient required mitral valve replacement because of anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operation. The other patients were free from reoperation. At the time of follow-up, all these patients were in New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional class I. In all these patients, pre-discharge and follow-up echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve： the cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3-4.8 cm2 （mean （3.78：±0.52） cm2）, the mean regurgitation area was （0.45：±0.22） cm2. At the same time, both dimension of left atrium and left ventricle reduced significantly （left atrium diameter： pre-operation （48.26±11.12） mm, post-operation （37.57±9.56） mm, P 〈0.05; the end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle：pre-operation （61.43±8.24） mm, post-operation （42.35±10.79） mm, P〈0.01）.Conclusion ＂Edge-to-edge＂ chordal transfer technique is a simple, reliable, and reproducible technique that can provide good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.U1913601,81927804the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2020B0909020004(GL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81960419,82260456(both to LY)。
文摘Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees.However,it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function.In this rat nerve injury study,the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected.The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii.After targeted muscle reinnervation,intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded.Signal amplitude gradually increased with time.Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods.Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.
基金funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program),No.2008AA022400a grant from Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province of China,No.2009JY0174
文摘Phrenic nerve transfer is a major dynamic treatment used to repair brachial plexus root avulsion. We analyzed 72 relevant articles on phrenic nerve transfer to repair injured brachial plexus that were indexed by Science Citation Index. The keywords searched were brachial plexus injury, phrenic nerve, repair, surgery, protection, nerve transfer, and nerve graft. In addition, we per-formed neurophysiological analysis of the preoperative condition and prognosis of 10 patients undergoing ipsilateral phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in our hospital from 2008 to 201 3 and observed the electromyograms of the biceps brachii and motor conduc-tion function of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clinically, approximately 28% of patients had brachial plexus injury combined with phrenic nerve injury, and injured phrenic nerve cannot be used as a nerve graft. After phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve, the regener-ated potentials ifrst appeared at 3 months. Recovery of motor unit action potential occurred 6 months later and became more apparent at 12 months. The percent of patients recovering ‘ex-cellent’ and ‘good’ muscle strength in the biceps brachii was 80% after 18 months. At 12 months after surgery, motor nerve conduction potential appeared in the musculocutaneous nerve in seven cases. These data suggest that preoperative evaluation of phrenic nerve function may help identify the most appropriate nerve graft in patients with an injured brachial plexus. The func-tional recovery of a transplanted nerve can be dynamically observed after the surgery.
基金Project(51575415)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016CFA077)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of ChinaProject(2018-YS-026)supported by the Excellent Dissertation Cultivation Funds of Wuhan University of Technology,China。
文摘The evolution of temperature field of the continual motion induction cladding and the depth of heat affected zone are studied in this study.A three-dimensional finite element model for the point type continual induction cladding is established to investigate temperature distributions of fixed and motion induction cladding modes.The novel inductor is designed for cladding of curved surfaces.The modeling reliability is verified by the temperature measurements.The influence of process parameters on the maximum temperature and the generation and transfer of heat are studied.Quantitative calculation is performed to its melting rate to verify the temperature distribution and microstructures.The results show that a good metallurgical bond can be formed between the cladding layer and substrate.The melting rate gradually falls from the top of the cladding layer to the substrate,and the grain size in the substrate gradually rises.The heat affected zone is relatively small compared to integral heating.
文摘Brachial plexus injury is frequently induced by injuries, accidents or birth trauma. Upper limb function may be partially or totally lost after injury, or left permanently disabled. With the de- velopment of various medical technologies, different types of interventions are used, but their effectiveness is wide ranging. Many repair methods have phasic characteristics, i.e., repairs are done in different phases. This study explored research progress and hot topic methods for pro- tection after brachial plexus injury, by analyzing 1,797 articles concerning the repair of brachial plexus injuries, published between 2004 and 2013 and indexed by the Science Citation Index database. Results revealed that there are many methods used to repair brachial plexus injury, and their effects are varied. Intervention methods include nerve transfer surgery, electrical stimula- tion, cell transplantation, neurotrophic factor therapy and drug treatment. Therapeutic methods in this field change according to the hot topic of research.
基金Project supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Doctoral Programme of the Ministry of Education of China+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Sciences Foundationthe Laboratory of Radiation Chemistrythe Chinese Academy
文摘DNA damaged by oxygen radicals has been implicated as a causative event in a number of degenerative diseases, including cancer and aging. So it is very impotant to look for ways in which either oxygen radicals are scavenged prior to DNA damage or damaged DNA is repaired to supplement the cells' inadequate repair capacity. The repair activity and its mechanism of verbascoside, isolated from Pedicularis species, towards dAMP-OH· was studied with pulse radiolytic technique. On pulse irradiation of nitrous oxide saturated 2 mmol/L dAMP aqueous solution containing verbascoside, the transient absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl adduct of dAMP decayed with the formation of that of the phenoxyl radical of verbascoside well under 100 microseconds after electron pulse irradiation. The result indicated that dAMP hydroxyl adducts can be repaired by verbascoside. The rate constants of the repair reaction was deduced to be 5.9 x 108 dm3 · mol-1 · s-1 . A deeper understanding of this new repair mechanism will undoubtedly help researchers explore new prevent and/or intervening medicine.
