Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangel...Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.展开更多
【目的】定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。【方法】利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台(1991—2016年),比较长期不施磷肥(CK、N、NK)、施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、...【目的】定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。【方法】利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台(1991—2016年),比较长期不施磷肥(CK、N、NK)、施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)、化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和化肥配施有机肥及有机肥(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)土壤Olsen-P和全磷含量变化,分析土壤磷素对磷盈亏量的响应,采用不同模型拟合作物产量对有效磷的响应曲线,计算土壤有效磷农学阈值。【结果】长期施用磷肥显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,提升了土壤磷素活化系数(PAC)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的PAC高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)。红壤地区土壤全磷和有效磷变化量与土壤磷盈亏量呈正相关关系(P<0.01),土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm-2,土壤Olsen-P含量上升3.00—5.22 mg·kg-1,全磷上升0.02—0.06 g·kg-1。土壤每累积亏缺磷100 kg P·hm-2,不施磷肥处理(CK、N、NK)土壤Olsen-P分别下降1.85、0.40、1.76 mg·kg-1。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的小麦和玉米产量显著高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)以及施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK),显著高于不施磷肥(CK、NK、N)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的产量可持续指数也高于其他处理。3种模型(线性-线性模型、线性-平台模型和米切里西方程)均能较好地拟合作物产量与红壤有效磷含量的响应关系(P<0.01)。在红壤地区推荐使用拟合度较好的线性-线性模型,其计算出小麦和玉米的土壤Olsen-P农学阈值分别为13.5和23.4 mg·kg-1。【结论】在南方红壤地区,化肥配施有机肥更有利于磷素累积和提升磷素有效性。化肥配施有机肥作物产量显著高于其他处理,且稳产性好。线性-线性模型可用于计算红壤地区有效磷的农学阈值�展开更多
文摘Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.
文摘【目的】定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。【方法】利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台(1991—2016年),比较长期不施磷肥(CK、N、NK)、施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)、化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和化肥配施有机肥及有机肥(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)土壤Olsen-P和全磷含量变化,分析土壤磷素对磷盈亏量的响应,采用不同模型拟合作物产量对有效磷的响应曲线,计算土壤有效磷农学阈值。【结果】长期施用磷肥显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,提升了土壤磷素活化系数(PAC)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的PAC高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)。红壤地区土壤全磷和有效磷变化量与土壤磷盈亏量呈正相关关系(P<0.01),土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm-2,土壤Olsen-P含量上升3.00—5.22 mg·kg-1,全磷上升0.02—0.06 g·kg-1。土壤每累积亏缺磷100 kg P·hm-2,不施磷肥处理(CK、N、NK)土壤Olsen-P分别下降1.85、0.40、1.76 mg·kg-1。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的小麦和玉米产量显著高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)以及施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK),显著高于不施磷肥(CK、NK、N)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的产量可持续指数也高于其他处理。3种模型(线性-线性模型、线性-平台模型和米切里西方程)均能较好地拟合作物产量与红壤有效磷含量的响应关系(P<0.01)。在红壤地区推荐使用拟合度较好的线性-线性模型,其计算出小麦和玉米的土壤Olsen-P农学阈值分别为13.5和23.4 mg·kg-1。【结论】在南方红壤地区,化肥配施有机肥更有利于磷素累积和提升磷素有效性。化肥配施有机肥作物产量显著高于其他处理,且稳产性好。线性-线性模型可用于计算红壤地区有效磷的农学阈值�
