Noncoding RNA(ncRNA) is a kind of transcripts without the ability of coding proteins,which exist widely in highly eukaryotic.The amount of the ncRNA transcripts is up to 98% of the whole genome’s transcripts.The diff...Noncoding RNA(ncRNA) is a kind of transcripts without the ability of coding proteins,which exist widely in highly eukaryotic.The amount of the ncRNA transcripts is up to 98% of the whole genome’s transcripts.The difference in molecular structure and expressive pattern from other kinds of RNA endows them specific biological functions.Although exact functions of most ncRNA are not well known,it has been demonstrated that ncRNA was associated with some major human diseases.It would be helpful to design effective therapeutic strategies,if we understand how ncRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of human major diseases.This review will shed light on the expressive pattern and distribution of ncRNA,the relationship between diseases and ncRNA and finally the application of ncRNA in the therapeutic fields.展开更多
小分子调控RNA,包括siRNA(small interfering RNA)、miRNA(microRNA)和piRNA(piwi interacting RNA)、hsRNA(heterochromatin associated small RNA)等,是当前生命科学研究的前沿热点。越来越多的证据表明,这些小分子R N A存在于几乎所...小分子调控RNA,包括siRNA(small interfering RNA)、miRNA(microRNA)和piRNA(piwi interacting RNA)、hsRNA(heterochromatin associated small RNA)等,是当前生命科学研究的前沿热点。越来越多的证据表明,这些小分子R N A存在于几乎所有较高等的真核生物细胞中,对生物体具有非常重要的调控功能。它们通过各种序列特异性的RNA基因沉默作用,包括RNA干扰(RNAi)、翻译抑制、异染色质形成等,调控诸如生长发育、应激反应、沉默转座子等各种各样的细胞进程。随着对这些小分子调控RNA的发现,一些RNase III酶家族成员、Argonaute蛋白质家族成员及RNA结合蛋白质等先后被鉴定为小RNA的胞内蛋白质合作者,参与小RNA的加工成熟和在细胞内行使功能。本综述简介一些RNA沉默作用途径中重要组分的结构和功能的研究进展。展开更多
文摘Noncoding RNA(ncRNA) is a kind of transcripts without the ability of coding proteins,which exist widely in highly eukaryotic.The amount of the ncRNA transcripts is up to 98% of the whole genome’s transcripts.The difference in molecular structure and expressive pattern from other kinds of RNA endows them specific biological functions.Although exact functions of most ncRNA are not well known,it has been demonstrated that ncRNA was associated with some major human diseases.It would be helpful to design effective therapeutic strategies,if we understand how ncRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of human major diseases.This review will shed light on the expressive pattern and distribution of ncRNA,the relationship between diseases and ncRNA and finally the application of ncRNA in the therapeutic fields.
