Objective： To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, individually and in combination, for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases ...Objective： To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, individually and in combination, for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases of esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers. Methods： The sensitivities of the two markers were compared individually and in combination, with specificity set at 100%. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were plotted. Results： Serum CEA levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the control group. The sensitivity of CEA was determined： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=28%, negative predictive value （NPV）=61.72%, and AUC=0.742 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001; in gastric cancer, sensitivity=30%, NPV=58.82%, and AUC=0.734 （SE=0.0S）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001; in colon cancer, sensitivity=74%, NPV=79.36%, and AUC=0.856 （SE=0.04）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001. The sensitivity of CA19-9 was also evaluated： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=18%, NPV=54.94%, and AUC=0.573 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P=0.2054. In gastric cancer, sensitivity=42%, NPV=63.29%, and AUC=0.679 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P〈0.0011. In colon cancer, sensitivity=26%, NPV=57.47%, and AUC=0.S80 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level ofP=0.1670. The following were the sensitivities of CEA/CA19-9 combined： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=42%, NPV=63.29%, SE=0.078 （95% CI： 0.0159-0.322）; gastric cancer, sensitivity=S8%, NPV=70.42%, SE=0.072 （9$% CI： -0.0866-0.198）; and colon cancer, sensitivity=72%, NPV=78.12%, SE=0.070 （9S% CI： 0.137-0.415）. Conclusion： CEA exhibited the highest sensitivity for colon cancer, and CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity for gastric cancer. Combined analysis indicated an increase in diagnostic sensitivity in esophageal and gastric cancer compared with that in colon cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (endoscopy) significantly reduces mortality resulting from upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
为了提高北斗接收机弱信号捕获灵敏度,解决数据比特跳变和NH码相位变化限制相干积分时间延长的问题,提出了一种基于复数型差分相关积分的北斗弱信号捕获算法。首先,在分析了北斗信号特点的基础上,对常用弱信号捕获算法进行数学分析;然后...为了提高北斗接收机弱信号捕获灵敏度,解决数据比特跳变和NH码相位变化限制相干积分时间延长的问题,提出了一种基于复数型差分相关积分的北斗弱信号捕获算法。首先,在分析了北斗信号特点的基础上,对常用弱信号捕获算法进行数学分析;然后,设计了按照采样点进行延迟差分的复数型差分相关积分算法,采用正交采样方法获得复数型中频数据,利用FFT变换实现对码相位和载波频率的并行搜索;最后,利用软件接收机开展仿真验证,实现了5 ms、10 ms和20 ms的差分相关积分,积分后信噪比提升约7 d B、10 d B、13 d B。该算法极大地削弱了北斗信号比特跳变和NH码相位变化的影响,有效提高接收机弱信号捕获能力;采用基于FFT算法进行并行搜索,相比传统捕获算法极大地缩减了捕获时间,并适用于全部北斗信号和GPS信号,无需考虑GEO和非GEO导航电文的差异。展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the Biotechnology Information Service–Sub-Distributed Information Centre(supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India)Advanced Bioinformatics Centre(supported by the Government of Rajasthan)at Birla Institute of Scientific Research for the infrastructure and facilities for conducting statistical work
文摘Objective： To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, individually and in combination, for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases of esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers. Methods： The sensitivities of the two markers were compared individually and in combination, with specificity set at 100%. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were plotted. Results： Serum CEA levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the control group. The sensitivity of CEA was determined： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=28%, negative predictive value （NPV）=61.72%, and AUC=0.742 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001; in gastric cancer, sensitivity=30%, NPV=58.82%, and AUC=0.734 （SE=0.0S）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001; in colon cancer, sensitivity=74%, NPV=79.36%, and AUC=0.856 （SE=0.04）, with a significance level of P〈0.0001. The sensitivity of CA19-9 was also evaluated： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=18%, NPV=54.94%, and AUC=0.573 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P=0.2054. In gastric cancer, sensitivity=42%, NPV=63.29%, and AUC=0.679 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level of P〈0.0011. In colon cancer, sensitivity=26%, NPV=57.47%, and AUC=0.S80 （SE=0.05）, with a significance level ofP=0.1670. The following were the sensitivities of CEA/CA19-9 combined： in esophageal cancer, sensitivity=42%, NPV=63.29%, SE=0.078 （95% CI： 0.0159-0.322）; gastric cancer, sensitivity=S8%, NPV=70.42%, SE=0.072 （9$% CI： -0.0866-0.198）; and colon cancer, sensitivity=72%, NPV=78.12%, SE=0.070 （9S% CI： 0.137-0.415）. Conclusion： CEA exhibited the highest sensitivity for colon cancer, and CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity for gastric cancer. Combined analysis indicated an increase in diagnostic sensitivity in esophageal and gastric cancer compared with that in colon cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (endoscopy) significantly reduces mortality resulting from upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
文摘为了提高北斗接收机弱信号捕获灵敏度,解决数据比特跳变和NH码相位变化限制相干积分时间延长的问题,提出了一种基于复数型差分相关积分的北斗弱信号捕获算法。首先,在分析了北斗信号特点的基础上,对常用弱信号捕获算法进行数学分析;然后,设计了按照采样点进行延迟差分的复数型差分相关积分算法,采用正交采样方法获得复数型中频数据,利用FFT变换实现对码相位和载波频率的并行搜索;最后,利用软件接收机开展仿真验证,实现了5 ms、10 ms和20 ms的差分相关积分,积分后信噪比提升约7 d B、10 d B、13 d B。该算法极大地削弱了北斗信号比特跳变和NH码相位变化的影响,有效提高接收机弱信号捕获能力;采用基于FFT算法进行并行搜索,相比传统捕获算法极大地缩减了捕获时间,并适用于全部北斗信号和GPS信号,无需考虑GEO和非GEO导航电文的差异。
