Recently,the growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for pesticide application has been reported against a wide range of crops with promising results in East Asian countries such as Japan,South Korea and China.Thi...Recently,the growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for pesticide application has been reported against a wide range of crops with promising results in East Asian countries such as Japan,South Korea and China.This UAV-based application technology for agrochemicals is considered as a high efficiency alternative to the conventional manual spray operations and a low-cost choice as compared to the classical manned aerial application.However,the technology adoption rate and the designed optimal sprayer suitable for drone application for small scale farm remains at the development stage in China and also in Japan.This paper reports the current status of drone pesticide application in China and makes comparisons with its neighbor countries Japan and South Korea in terms of different UAV platforms and their implementation in plant protection for different crops.Challenges and opportunities for future development of UAV-based pesticide application technology are also discussed.展开更多
Drones of various shapes, sizes, and functionalities have emerged over the past few decades, and their civilian applications are becoming increasingly appealing. Flexible, low-cost, and high-resolution remote sensing ...Drones of various shapes, sizes, and functionalities have emerged over the past few decades, and their civilian applications are becoming increasingly appealing. Flexible, low-cost, and high-resolution remote sensing systems that use drones as platforms are important for filling data gaps and supplementing the capabilities of crewed/manned aircraft and satellite remote sensing systems. Here, we refer to this growing remote sensing ini- tiative as drone remote sensing and explain its unique advantages in forestry research and practices. Furthermore, we summarize the various approaches of drone remote sensing to surveying forests, mapping canopy gaps, mea- suring forest canopy height, tracking forest wildfires, and supporting intensive forest management. The benefits of drone remote sensing include low material and operational costs, flexible control of spatial and temporal resolution, high-intensity data collection, and the absence of risk to crews. The current forestry applications of drone remote sensing are still at an experimental stage, but they are expected to expand rapidly. To better guide the development of drone remote sensing for sustainable forestry, it isimportant to systematically and continuously conduct comparative studies to determine the appropriate drone remote sensing technologies for various forest conditions and/or forestry applications.展开更多
欧盟切换至全球轻型汽车测试循环(Worldwide Light-duty Test Cycle,WLTC)已指日可待,利用排放标准和WLTC官网数据,绘制出WLTC和NEDC两种循环速度和加速度分布图,对循环特征值包括相对正加速度RPA进行了对比。从NEDC到WLTC,冷启动影响减...欧盟切换至全球轻型汽车测试循环(Worldwide Light-duty Test Cycle,WLTC)已指日可待,利用排放标准和WLTC官网数据,绘制出WLTC和NEDC两种循环速度和加速度分布图,对循环特征值包括相对正加速度RPA进行了对比。从NEDC到WLTC,冷启动影响减弱,停车时间比例缩短,更接近于经济行驶速度,手动统一换挡要求改变等,都有利于节油。同时,行驶波动性增大,速度与加速度覆盖范围更宽,又不利于节油。单纯NEDC和WLTC循环切换带来的油耗变化很可能较为有限,这在二则者的国外初步试验数据中得到了佐证。展开更多
基金the grants of Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture,China(201203025,201503130)International Co-operation Project“UAV chemical application technique for rice”from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470099)+1 种基金China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2010DFA34570)“New Technique for Chemical Application”by Chinese State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs(SGCAST01601710).
文摘Recently,the growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for pesticide application has been reported against a wide range of crops with promising results in East Asian countries such as Japan,South Korea and China.This UAV-based application technology for agrochemicals is considered as a high efficiency alternative to the conventional manual spray operations and a low-cost choice as compared to the classical manned aerial application.However,the technology adoption rate and the designed optimal sprayer suitable for drone application for small scale farm remains at the development stage in China and also in Japan.This paper reports the current status of drone pesticide application in China and makes comparisons with its neighbor countries Japan and South Korea in terms of different UAV platforms and their implementation in plant protection for different crops.Challenges and opportunities for future development of UAV-based pesticide application technology are also discussed.
文摘Drones of various shapes, sizes, and functionalities have emerged over the past few decades, and their civilian applications are becoming increasingly appealing. Flexible, low-cost, and high-resolution remote sensing systems that use drones as platforms are important for filling data gaps and supplementing the capabilities of crewed/manned aircraft and satellite remote sensing systems. Here, we refer to this growing remote sensing ini- tiative as drone remote sensing and explain its unique advantages in forestry research and practices. Furthermore, we summarize the various approaches of drone remote sensing to surveying forests, mapping canopy gaps, mea- suring forest canopy height, tracking forest wildfires, and supporting intensive forest management. The benefits of drone remote sensing include low material and operational costs, flexible control of spatial and temporal resolution, high-intensity data collection, and the absence of risk to crews. The current forestry applications of drone remote sensing are still at an experimental stage, but they are expected to expand rapidly. To better guide the development of drone remote sensing for sustainable forestry, it isimportant to systematically and continuously conduct comparative studies to determine the appropriate drone remote sensing technologies for various forest conditions and/or forestry applications.
文摘欧盟切换至全球轻型汽车测试循环(Worldwide Light-duty Test Cycle,WLTC)已指日可待,利用排放标准和WLTC官网数据,绘制出WLTC和NEDC两种循环速度和加速度分布图,对循环特征值包括相对正加速度RPA进行了对比。从NEDC到WLTC,冷启动影响减弱,停车时间比例缩短,更接近于经济行驶速度,手动统一换挡要求改变等,都有利于节油。同时,行驶波动性增大,速度与加速度覆盖范围更宽,又不利于节油。单纯NEDC和WLTC循环切换带来的油耗变化很可能较为有限,这在二则者的国外初步试验数据中得到了佐证。
