Endovascular surgery is advantageous in experimentally induced ischemic stroke because it causes fewer cranial traumatic lesions than invasive surgery and can closely mimic the pathophysiology in stroke patients. Howe...Endovascular surgery is advantageous in experimentally induced ischemic stroke because it causes fewer cranial traumatic lesions than invasive surgery and can closely mimic the pathophysiology in stroke patients. However, the outcomes are highly variable, which limits the accuracy of evaluations of ischemic stroke studies. In this study, eight healthy adult rhesus monkeys were randomized into two groups with four monkeys in each group： middle cerebral artery occlusion at origin segment （M1） and middle cerebral artery occlusion at M2 segment. The blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was blocked completely for 2 hours using the endovascular microcoil placement technique （1 mm × 10 cm） （undetachable）, to establish a model of cerebral ischemia. The microcoil was withdrawn and the middle cerebral artery blood flow was restored. A reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion model was identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and neurological evaluation. The results showed that the middle cerebral artery occlusion model was successfully established in eight adult healthy rhesus monkeys, and ischemic lesions were apparent in the brain tissue of rhesus monkeys at 24 hours after occlusion. The rhesus monkeys had symptoms of neurological deficits. Compared with the M1 occlusion group, the M2 occlusion group had lower infarction volume and higher neurological scores. These experimental findings indicate that reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion can be produced with the endovascular microcoil technique in rhesus monkeys. The M2 occluded model had less infarction and less neurological impairment, which offers the potential for application in the field of brain injury research.展开更多
Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripher-al nerve defects in rodents. I...Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripher-al nerve defects in rodents. In this study, we established a standardized experimental model of radial nerve defects in primates and evaluated the effect of repair on peripheral nerve injury. We repaired 2.5-cm lesions in the radial nerve of rhesus monkeys by transplantation of autografts, acellular allografts, or acellular allografts seeded with autologous bone marrow stem cells. Five months after surgery, regenerated nerve tissue was assessed for function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by the wrist-extension test. Compared with the simple autografts, the acellular allografts and allografts seeded with bone marrow stem cells facilitated remarkable recovery of the wrist-extension functions in the rhesus monkeys. This functional improvement was coupled with radial nerve distal axon growth, a higher percentage of neuron survival, increased nerve fiber density and diameter, increased myelin sheath thickness, and increased nerve conduction velocities and peak amplitudes of compound motor action potentials. Furthermore, the quality of nerve regeneration in the bone marrow stem cells-laden allografts group was comparable to that achieved with autografts. The wrist-extension test is a simple behavioral method for objective quantification of peripheral nerve regeneration.展开更多
目的应用植入遥测技术观测清醒恒河猴呼吸、血压、心电、体温等生理指标的昼夜变化规律和应激时的变化。方法取3~5岁雌雄各半的8只恒河猴行遥测植入子植入手术,恢复3周后用DSI遥测系统获取清醒无束缚恒河猴连续24 h的呼吸、血压、心电...目的应用植入遥测技术观测清醒恒河猴呼吸、血压、心电、体温等生理指标的昼夜变化规律和应激时的变化。方法取3~5岁雌雄各半的8只恒河猴行遥测植入子植入手术,恢复3周后用DSI遥测系统获取清醒无束缚恒河猴连续24 h的呼吸、血压、心电、体温数据,用Ponemah软件分析上述指标并统计实验结果。结果恒河猴的部分心电指标存在明显的昼夜差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中心率(HR)的昼夜均值在每分钟155.0~122.4次之间波动;呼吸频率间期(RR-I)为410.8~535.7 ms;T波幅度(T-A)为0.181~0.157 m V;PR间期(PRI)为80.4~87.4;QT间期(QT-I)为224.8~263.9 ms;校正QT间期(QTcb)为352.3~366.7 ms。猴的血压与呼吸指标白昼均值显著高于夜晚(P<0.01),其中收缩压(SYS)昼夜波动范围为144.6~131.6 mm Hg;舒张压(DIA)为99.8~89.9 mm Hg;平均动脉压(MAP)为121.5~110.2 mm Hg;潮气量(TV)为64.5~36.6 m L;分钟通气量(MV)为1931.9~920.1 m L/min;呼吸频率(RR)为每分钟32.3~25.4次。实验室工作人员清扫、喂食活动对猴有一定的应激影响。结论应用植入遥测技术观察到的恒河猴呼吸、血压、心电、体温等生理指标基本均有明显的昼夜节律变化,呼吸、血压、心电、体温等指标白昼均高于夜晚,符合正常恒河猴的生理周期特性。经过驯养的恒河猴在饥饿状态下受工作人员的喂食、清扫活动的应激影响比较强烈。应用植入遥测技术可以对清醒无束缚状态下恒河猴心电、血压、呼吸、体温等进行连续监测,能真实地反映恒河猴24 h内上述生理指标的变化规律,为恒河猴在药理毒理学研究中的应用提供参考。同时应用植入遥测技术,有助于提高药物安全药理学研究的效率,减少动物的使用数量,符合3R原则。展开更多
目的为需要进行大脑中动脉M1段栓塞模型建立的恒河猴及其它大型实验动物提供一种简捷、迅速、安全的麻醉方法。方法采用健康成年恒河猴20只,均为雄性,年龄7~9岁,体重7~11 kg,基础麻醉应用0.1 m L/kg氯胺酮及速眠欣的混合液肌内注射,待...目的为需要进行大脑中动脉M1段栓塞模型建立的恒河猴及其它大型实验动物提供一种简捷、迅速、安全的麻醉方法。方法采用健康成年恒河猴20只,均为雄性,年龄7~9岁,体重7~11 kg,基础麻醉应用0.1 m L/kg氯胺酮及速眠欣的混合液肌内注射,待动物入睡后行气管插管(ID:4.5~5.5#)。随后送入介入中心,入室后连接监护并建立静脉通路,完成有创动脉压及导尿管置入等。术中实验动物采用呼吸机控制呼吸,丙泊酚2~4 mg/kg/h持续泵入进行麻醉维持,术中根据动物的生命体征和肢体活动情况变化调整剂量,必要时追加上述氯胺酮与速眠新的混合液,并根据手术的需要调整心率、血压、体温等。溶栓前后行脑MRI造影,造影时停止输注麻醉药物,恢复动物自主呼吸。术中监测实验动物的心率、体温、有创动脉血压及血氧饱和度,并于麻醉诱导后和术中抽取动脉血行血气分析。结果共进行实验20次,均按预计方案实施完成,术中未发生动物躁动、呼吸抑制、心律失常等严重并发症,实验结束停药后,实验动物很快清醒并送回动物实验中心,进行后续处理。20只恒河猴15只存活24 h以上,5只死于溶栓后脑出血和大面积脑梗死面积较大。结论气管内插管全身麻醉合并复合麻醉维持为此类比较复杂的介入及MRI实验的顺利完成提供了一种安全、实用的麻醉方式。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China,No.2011CB707804Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project,No.2121100005312016
文摘Endovascular surgery is advantageous in experimentally induced ischemic stroke because it causes fewer cranial traumatic lesions than invasive surgery and can closely mimic the pathophysiology in stroke patients. However, the outcomes are highly variable, which limits the accuracy of evaluations of ischemic stroke studies. In this study, eight healthy adult rhesus monkeys were randomized into two groups with four monkeys in each group： middle cerebral artery occlusion at origin segment （M1） and middle cerebral artery occlusion at M2 segment. The blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was blocked completely for 2 hours using the endovascular microcoil placement technique （1 mm × 10 cm） （undetachable）, to establish a model of cerebral ischemia. The microcoil was withdrawn and the middle cerebral artery blood flow was restored. A reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion model was identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and neurological evaluation. The results showed that the middle cerebral artery occlusion model was successfully established in eight adult healthy rhesus monkeys, and ischemic lesions were apparent in the brain tissue of rhesus monkeys at 24 hours after occlusion. The rhesus monkeys had symptoms of neurological deficits. Compared with the M1 occlusion group, the M2 occlusion group had lower infarction volume and higher neurological scores. These experimental findings indicate that reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion can be produced with the endovascular microcoil technique in rhesus monkeys. The M2 occluded model had less infarction and less neurological impairment, which offers the potential for application in the field of brain injury research.
基金supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program),No.2006AA02A130the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81372041,31070869,30700847
文摘Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripher-al nerve defects in rodents. In this study, we established a standardized experimental model of radial nerve defects in primates and evaluated the effect of repair on peripheral nerve injury. We repaired 2.5-cm lesions in the radial nerve of rhesus monkeys by transplantation of autografts, acellular allografts, or acellular allografts seeded with autologous bone marrow stem cells. Five months after surgery, regenerated nerve tissue was assessed for function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by the wrist-extension test. Compared with the simple autografts, the acellular allografts and allografts seeded with bone marrow stem cells facilitated remarkable recovery of the wrist-extension functions in the rhesus monkeys. This functional improvement was coupled with radial nerve distal axon growth, a higher percentage of neuron survival, increased nerve fiber density and diameter, increased myelin sheath thickness, and increased nerve conduction velocities and peak amplitudes of compound motor action potentials. Furthermore, the quality of nerve regeneration in the bone marrow stem cells-laden allografts group was comparable to that achieved with autografts. The wrist-extension test is a simple behavioral method for objective quantification of peripheral nerve regeneration.
文摘目的应用植入遥测技术观测清醒恒河猴呼吸、血压、心电、体温等生理指标的昼夜变化规律和应激时的变化。方法取3~5岁雌雄各半的8只恒河猴行遥测植入子植入手术,恢复3周后用DSI遥测系统获取清醒无束缚恒河猴连续24 h的呼吸、血压、心电、体温数据,用Ponemah软件分析上述指标并统计实验结果。结果恒河猴的部分心电指标存在明显的昼夜差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中心率(HR)的昼夜均值在每分钟155.0~122.4次之间波动;呼吸频率间期(RR-I)为410.8~535.7 ms;T波幅度(T-A)为0.181~0.157 m V;PR间期(PRI)为80.4~87.4;QT间期(QT-I)为224.8~263.9 ms;校正QT间期(QTcb)为352.3~366.7 ms。猴的血压与呼吸指标白昼均值显著高于夜晚(P<0.01),其中收缩压(SYS)昼夜波动范围为144.6~131.6 mm Hg;舒张压(DIA)为99.8~89.9 mm Hg;平均动脉压(MAP)为121.5~110.2 mm Hg;潮气量(TV)为64.5~36.6 m L;分钟通气量(MV)为1931.9~920.1 m L/min;呼吸频率(RR)为每分钟32.3~25.4次。实验室工作人员清扫、喂食活动对猴有一定的应激影响。结论应用植入遥测技术观察到的恒河猴呼吸、血压、心电、体温等生理指标基本均有明显的昼夜节律变化,呼吸、血压、心电、体温等指标白昼均高于夜晚,符合正常恒河猴的生理周期特性。经过驯养的恒河猴在饥饿状态下受工作人员的喂食、清扫活动的应激影响比较强烈。应用植入遥测技术可以对清醒无束缚状态下恒河猴心电、血压、呼吸、体温等进行连续监测,能真实地反映恒河猴24 h内上述生理指标的变化规律,为恒河猴在药理毒理学研究中的应用提供参考。同时应用植入遥测技术,有助于提高药物安全药理学研究的效率,减少动物的使用数量,符合3R原则。
