Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluati...Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluation methods, it is still a major challenge to establish a quantitative detection technique that is objective, authentic and sensitive. Based on the two-bottle preference test(TBP), we proposed a novel quantitative strategy using a standardized animal test and a unified quantitative benchmark. To reduce the difference of results, the methodology of TBP was optimized. The relationship between the concentration of quinine and animal preference index(PI) was obtained. Then the PI of TCH was measured through TBP, and bitterness results were converted into a unified numerical system using the relationship of concentration and PI. To verify the authenticity and sensitivity of quantified results,human sensory testing and electronic tongue testing were applied. The quantified results showed a good discrimination ability. For example, the bitterness of Coptidis Rhizoma was equal to 0.0579 mg/mL quinine, and Nelumbinis Folium was equal to 0.0001 mg/mL. The validation results proved that the newassessment method for TCH was objective and reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an option for the quantification of bitterness and the evaluation of taste masking effects.展开更多
Aurein is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its mechanism of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project...Aurein is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its mechanism of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with model biological membranes and antimalarials using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. FTIR data revealed conformational changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the model membranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft systems. Fluorescence data revealed some differences in the mechanism of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographical analysis was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different mechanism of interaction. DLS data in agreement with FTIR confirmed that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a major dilemma for the clinician caring for complex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has examined the interaction of aurein with quinine, primaquine, and chloroquine. Significant interactions between aurein and antimalarials occured at a higher concentration of antimalarials. Interactions between aurein and anti-malarials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and primaquine. Interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTIR, TGA, and DSC may be used in a complementary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled interaction studies between antibiotics and anti展开更多
Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be ab...Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be able to both combat the issue of anti-malarial medication resistance as well as the compliance to malaria therapy that is still raging in certain locations of Indonesia. Aim: This study will focus on evaluating the possibility of interaction between quinine sulphate and doxycycline followed by formulating the fixed-dose combination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients. Method: The study was designed as a laboratory experiment and applied some examinations. The examination from the organoleptic test of active pharmaceutical ingredients powder, crystallography analysis, and physical analysis of fixed-dose tablet including hardness, friability, and disintegration time testing. Result: The crystallography study reported there was no physical interaction found between quinine sulphate and doxycycline. The formula found excellent tablet printability with a composition of Quinine sulphate and doxycycline (Qidox). Conclusion: quinine sulphate with doxycycline can be combined into one tablet as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81403115)
文摘Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluation methods, it is still a major challenge to establish a quantitative detection technique that is objective, authentic and sensitive. Based on the two-bottle preference test(TBP), we proposed a novel quantitative strategy using a standardized animal test and a unified quantitative benchmark. To reduce the difference of results, the methodology of TBP was optimized. The relationship between the concentration of quinine and animal preference index(PI) was obtained. Then the PI of TCH was measured through TBP, and bitterness results were converted into a unified numerical system using the relationship of concentration and PI. To verify the authenticity and sensitivity of quantified results,human sensory testing and electronic tongue testing were applied. The quantified results showed a good discrimination ability. For example, the bitterness of Coptidis Rhizoma was equal to 0.0579 mg/mL quinine, and Nelumbinis Folium was equal to 0.0001 mg/mL. The validation results proved that the newassessment method for TCH was objective and reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an option for the quantification of bitterness and the evaluation of taste masking effects.
文摘Aurein is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its mechanism of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with model biological membranes and antimalarials using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. FTIR data revealed conformational changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the model membranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft systems. Fluorescence data revealed some differences in the mechanism of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographical analysis was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different mechanism of interaction. DLS data in agreement with FTIR confirmed that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a major dilemma for the clinician caring for complex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has examined the interaction of aurein with quinine, primaquine, and chloroquine. Significant interactions between aurein and antimalarials occured at a higher concentration of antimalarials. Interactions between aurein and anti-malarials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and primaquine. Interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTIR, TGA, and DSC may be used in a complementary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled interaction studies between antibiotics and anti
文摘Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be able to both combat the issue of anti-malarial medication resistance as well as the compliance to malaria therapy that is still raging in certain locations of Indonesia. Aim: This study will focus on evaluating the possibility of interaction between quinine sulphate and doxycycline followed by formulating the fixed-dose combination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients. Method: The study was designed as a laboratory experiment and applied some examinations. The examination from the organoleptic test of active pharmaceutical ingredients powder, crystallography analysis, and physical analysis of fixed-dose tablet including hardness, friability, and disintegration time testing. Result: The crystallography study reported there was no physical interaction found between quinine sulphate and doxycycline. The formula found excellent tablet printability with a composition of Quinine sulphate and doxycycline (Qidox). Conclusion: quinine sulphate with doxycycline can be combined into one tablet as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC).
