生态环境的层次性、复杂性和多变性,决定了对其质量进行评价的难度。确立构建一套合理、科学,在解决同一类问题中具有代表性的指标体系和评价方法,是众多学者长久以来关注的关键问题。该文以延安水土保持与生态环境建设试验示范区为实...生态环境的层次性、复杂性和多变性,决定了对其质量进行评价的难度。确立构建一套合理、科学,在解决同一类问题中具有代表性的指标体系和评价方法,是众多学者长久以来关注的关键问题。该文以延安水土保持与生态环境建设试验示范区为实证对象,选取灰色关联度法、综合评价法和驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应多方案综合决策支持系统(driving force pressure state impact response framework-multiple decision support system,DPSIR-mDSS)对研究区域1999-2009年水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应进行了评家,结果表明:DPSIR-mDSS模型在构建水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应评价指标体系时将人类社会行为和经济行为与环境系统间复杂的相互关系简化为一对一因果链,评价过程得以分解、简化,且评价结果与研究区域生态恢复环境效应实际变化情况一致,能较好的解释研究区域水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应随时间的变化情况,为生态恢复环境效应评价提供了一种新的评价思路和方法。总体而言,退耕还林(草)工程的实施极大的促进了研究区生态环境状况,但一些新的问题诸如耕地压力、生态需水亏缺等接踵而至,应在今后予以重视。展开更多
Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain...Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and rice quality, two japonica soft super rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 （NJ 9108） and Nanjing 5055 （NJ 5055）, were used under seven N levels with the application rates of 0, 150, 187.5,225, 262.5, 300, and 337.5 kg ha^-1. With the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at 300 kg ha^-1. The milling quality and protein content increased, while the appearance quality, amylose content, gel consistency, cooking/eating quality, and rice flour viscosity decreased. Milling was significantly negatively related with the eating/cooking quality whereas the appearance was significantly positively related with cooking/eating quality. These results suggest that nitrogen level significantly affects the yield and rice quality of japonica soft super rice. We conclude that the suitable nitrogen application rate for japonica soft super rice, NJ 9108 and NJ 5055, is 270 kg ha^-1, under which they obtain high yield as well as superior eating/cooking quality.展开更多
In rice(Oryza sativa), amylose content(AC) is the major factor that determines eating and cooking quality(ECQ). The diversity in AC is largely attributed to natural allelic variation at the Waxy(Wx)locus. Here we iden...In rice(Oryza sativa), amylose content(AC) is the major factor that determines eating and cooking quality(ECQ). The diversity in AC is largely attributed to natural allelic variation at the Waxy(Wx)locus. Here we identified a rare Wx allele, Wx^(mw) ,which combines a favorable AC, improved ECQ and grain transparency. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of Wx genomic sequences from 370 rice accessions, we speculated that Wx^(mw) may have derived from recombination between two important natural Wx alleles, Wx^(in) and Wx^(b). We validated the effects of Wx^(mw) on rice grain quality using both transgenic lines and near-isogenic lines(NILs). When introgressed into the japonica Nipponbare(NIP) background, Wx^(mw) resulted in a moderate AC that was intermediate between that of NILs carrying the Wx^(b)allele and NILs with the Wx^(mp) allele. Notably, mature grains of NILs fixed for Wx^(mw) had an improved transparent endosperm relative to soft rice. Further, we introduced Wx^(mw) into a high-yielding japonica cultivar via molecular marker-assisted selection: the introgressed lines exhibited clear improvements in ECQ and endosperm transparency. Our results suggest that Wx^(mw) is a promising allele to improve grain quality, especially ECQ and grain transparency of high-yielding japonica cultivars, in rice breeding programs.展开更多
文摘生态环境的层次性、复杂性和多变性,决定了对其质量进行评价的难度。确立构建一套合理、科学,在解决同一类问题中具有代表性的指标体系和评价方法,是众多学者长久以来关注的关键问题。该文以延安水土保持与生态环境建设试验示范区为实证对象,选取灰色关联度法、综合评价法和驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应多方案综合决策支持系统(driving force pressure state impact response framework-multiple decision support system,DPSIR-mDSS)对研究区域1999-2009年水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应进行了评家,结果表明:DPSIR-mDSS模型在构建水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应评价指标体系时将人类社会行为和经济行为与环境系统间复杂的相互关系简化为一对一因果链,评价过程得以分解、简化,且评价结果与研究区域生态恢复环境效应实际变化情况一致,能较好的解释研究区域水土流失综合治理生态恢复环境效应随时间的变化情况,为生态恢复环境效应评价提供了一种新的评价思路和方法。总体而言,退耕还林(草)工程的实施极大的促进了研究区生态环境状况,但一些新的问题诸如耕地压力、生态需水亏缺等接踵而至,应在今后予以重视。
基金the National Key Research Program of China(2016YFD0300503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601246)+2 种基金the Major Independent Innovation Project in Jangsu Province,China(CX(15)1002)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303102)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(16KJB210014)
文摘Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and rice quality, two japonica soft super rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 （NJ 9108） and Nanjing 5055 （NJ 5055）, were used under seven N levels with the application rates of 0, 150, 187.5,225, 262.5, 300, and 337.5 kg ha^-1. With the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at 300 kg ha^-1. The milling quality and protein content increased, while the appearance quality, amylose content, gel consistency, cooking/eating quality, and rice flour viscosity decreased. Milling was significantly negatively related with the eating/cooking quality whereas the appearance was significantly positively related with cooking/eating quality. These results suggest that nitrogen level significantly affects the yield and rice quality of japonica soft super rice. We conclude that the suitable nitrogen application rate for japonica soft super rice, NJ 9108 and NJ 5055, is 270 kg ha^-1, under which they obtain high yield as well as superior eating/cooking quality.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0100501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31825019,31901517,and U19A2032)the Programs from Jiangsu Province Government(BE2018357,19KJA560006 and PAPD)。
文摘In rice(Oryza sativa), amylose content(AC) is the major factor that determines eating and cooking quality(ECQ). The diversity in AC is largely attributed to natural allelic variation at the Waxy(Wx)locus. Here we identified a rare Wx allele, Wx^(mw) ,which combines a favorable AC, improved ECQ and grain transparency. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of Wx genomic sequences from 370 rice accessions, we speculated that Wx^(mw) may have derived from recombination between two important natural Wx alleles, Wx^(in) and Wx^(b). We validated the effects of Wx^(mw) on rice grain quality using both transgenic lines and near-isogenic lines(NILs). When introgressed into the japonica Nipponbare(NIP) background, Wx^(mw) resulted in a moderate AC that was intermediate between that of NILs carrying the Wx^(b)allele and NILs with the Wx^(mp) allele. Notably, mature grains of NILs fixed for Wx^(mw) had an improved transparent endosperm relative to soft rice. Further, we introduced Wx^(mw) into a high-yielding japonica cultivar via molecular marker-assisted selection: the introgressed lines exhibited clear improvements in ECQ and endosperm transparency. Our results suggest that Wx^(mw) is a promising allele to improve grain quality, especially ECQ and grain transparency of high-yielding japonica cultivars, in rice breeding programs.
