Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Sol...Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.展开更多
Knowledge of the evolution of pathogens is of great medical and biological significance to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. In order to understand the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV...Knowledge of the evolution of pathogens is of great medical and biological significance to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. In order to understand the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus), we collected complete genome sequences of all viruses available in GenBank, and made comparative analyses with the SARS-CoV. Genomic signature analysis demonstrates that the coronaviruses all take the TGTT as their richest tetranucleotide except the SARS-CoV. A detailed analysis of the forty-two complete SARS-CoV genome sequences revealed the existence of two distinct genotypes, and showed that these isolates could be classified into four groups. Our manual analysis of the BLASTN results demonstrates that the HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) gene exists in the SARS-CoV, and many mutations made it unfamiliar to us.展开更多
Annotation of the genome sequence of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) is indispensable to understand its evolution and pathogenesis. We have performed a full annotation of the SA...Annotation of the genome sequence of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) is indispensable to understand its evolution and pathogenesis. We have performed a full annotation of the SARS-CoV genome sequences by using annotation programs publicly available or developed by ourselves. Totally, 21 open reading frames (ORFs) of genes or putative uncharacterized proteins (PUPs) were predicted. Seven PUPs had not been reported previously, and two of them were predicted to contain transmembrane regions. Eight ORFs partially overlapped with or embedded into those of known genes, revealing that the SARS-CoV genome is a small and compact one with overlapped coding regions. The most striking discovery is that an ORF locates on the minus strand. We have also annotated non-coding regions and identified the transcription regulating sequences (TRS) in the intergenic regions. The analysis of TRS supports the minus strand extending transcription mechanism of coronavirus. The SNP analysis of different isolates reveals that mutations of the sequences do not affect the prediction results of ORFs.展开更多
我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安...我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安装等方面的技术实现角度,以及通过它方便地扩展为气象信息共享平台等方面,主要介绍了 PUP 共享服务平台的组建和应用情况。展开更多
目的通过验证异柠檬酸裂解酶（isocitratelyase，Icl）蛋白在缺氧和营养缺乏等应激条件下的原核类泛素蛋白（prokaryotic ubiquitin like protein，Pup）化状态的变化，进而说明Pup一蛋白酶体系统对其进行动态调控。方法构建耻垢分枝杆...目的通过验证异柠檬酸裂解酶（isocitratelyase，Icl）蛋白在缺氧和营养缺乏等应激条件下的原核类泛素蛋白（prokaryotic ubiquitin like protein，Pup）化状态的变化，进而说明Pup一蛋白酶体系统对其进行动态调控。方法构建耻垢分枝杆菌Icl蛋白表达载体，纯化蛋白，制备Icl抗体；构建持续表达His6-Pup的穿梭载体，导人耻垢分枝杆菌中；分别在有氧，缺氧条件（2、4和6d）培养，营养缺乏条件（2、4、6和8d）培养，收集耻垢分枝杆菌菌体，超声破碎后获得总蛋白，通过Ni—NTA柱纯化，获得His6-Pup结合的蛋白；跑SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE），转膜后做免疫印迹（Western—blot）实验，分别用抗Pup抗体和抗Icl抗体检测，验证Icl蛋白的表达情况及其被Pup化的状况，所有实验均重复3次。结果发现在缺氧和营养缺乏条件下Icl蛋白的表达呈现增加的趋势，而Pup化的程度有下降的趋势，Pup化和蛋白浓度变化趋势是相反的。说明细胞在应激条件下需要Icl高表达，因而Pup蛋白酶体系统对其降解程度选择性的下降，相应提高了细胞内Icl蛋白的浓度，满足细胞在应激反应中的需要。结论Icl在分枝杆菌细胞的应激过程中发挥重要作用，其浓度随着细胞本身的状态而发生动态变化，这主要是Pup-蛋白酶体系统对它的降解调控发生变化，说明Pup可以动态调控Icl蛋白的浓度水平。展开更多
We present combined photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the southern binary star PU Pup.High-resolution spectra of this system were taken at the University of Canterbury Mt.John Observatory in the years 2008 and...We present combined photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the southern binary star PU Pup.High-resolution spectra of this system were taken at the University of Canterbury Mt.John Observatory in the years 2008 and again in 2014-2015.We find the light contribution of the secondary component to be only 2%of the total light of the system in optical wavelengths,resulting in a single-lined spectroscopic binary.Recent TESS data revealed grazing eclipses within the light minima,though the tidal distortion,examined also from Hipparcos data,remains the predominating light curve effect.Our model shows PU Pup to have the more massive primary relatively close to filling its Roche lobe.PU Pup is thus approaching the rare‘fast phase’of interactive(Case B)evolution.Our adopted absolute parameters are as follows:M_(1)=4.10(±0.20)M_(⊙),M_(2)=0.65(±0.05)M_(⊙),R_(1)=6.60(±0.30)R_(⊙),R_(2)=0.90(±0.10)R_(⊙);T_(1)=11500(±500)K,T_(2)=5000(±350)K;photometric distance=186(±20)pc,age=170(±20)Myr.The less-massive secondary component is found to be significantly oversized and overluminous compared to standard main sequence models.We discuss this discrepancy referring to heating from the reflection effect.展开更多
文摘Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.
文摘Knowledge of the evolution of pathogens is of great medical and biological significance to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. In order to understand the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus), we collected complete genome sequences of all viruses available in GenBank, and made comparative analyses with the SARS-CoV. Genomic signature analysis demonstrates that the coronaviruses all take the TGTT as their richest tetranucleotide except the SARS-CoV. A detailed analysis of the forty-two complete SARS-CoV genome sequences revealed the existence of two distinct genotypes, and showed that these isolates could be classified into four groups. Our manual analysis of the BLASTN results demonstrates that the HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) gene exists in the SARS-CoV, and many mutations made it unfamiliar to us.
文摘Annotation of the genome sequence of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) is indispensable to understand its evolution and pathogenesis. We have performed a full annotation of the SARS-CoV genome sequences by using annotation programs publicly available or developed by ourselves. Totally, 21 open reading frames (ORFs) of genes or putative uncharacterized proteins (PUPs) were predicted. Seven PUPs had not been reported previously, and two of them were predicted to contain transmembrane regions. Eight ORFs partially overlapped with or embedded into those of known genes, revealing that the SARS-CoV genome is a small and compact one with overlapped coding regions. The most striking discovery is that an ORF locates on the minus strand. We have also annotated non-coding regions and identified the transcription regulating sequences (TRS) in the intergenic regions. The analysis of TRS supports the minus strand extending transcription mechanism of coronavirus. The SNP analysis of different isolates reveals that mutations of the sequences do not affect the prediction results of ORFs.
文摘我局新建成的新一代天气雷达产品共享服务平台(PUP 共享服务平台),在基于 Windows 2003 Server 提供的远程终端服务功能的基础上,实现了多个客户端同时使用服务器的气象资源的功能。本文从远程终端服务的服务器端、客户端、PUP 软件安装等方面的技术实现角度,以及通过它方便地扩展为气象信息共享平台等方面,主要介绍了 PUP 共享服务平台的组建和应用情况。
文摘目的通过验证异柠檬酸裂解酶（isocitratelyase，Icl）蛋白在缺氧和营养缺乏等应激条件下的原核类泛素蛋白（prokaryotic ubiquitin like protein，Pup）化状态的变化，进而说明Pup一蛋白酶体系统对其进行动态调控。方法构建耻垢分枝杆菌Icl蛋白表达载体，纯化蛋白，制备Icl抗体；构建持续表达His6-Pup的穿梭载体，导人耻垢分枝杆菌中；分别在有氧，缺氧条件（2、4和6d）培养，营养缺乏条件（2、4、6和8d）培养，收集耻垢分枝杆菌菌体，超声破碎后获得总蛋白，通过Ni—NTA柱纯化，获得His6-Pup结合的蛋白；跑SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE），转膜后做免疫印迹（Western—blot）实验，分别用抗Pup抗体和抗Icl抗体检测，验证Icl蛋白的表达情况及其被Pup化的状况，所有实验均重复3次。结果发现在缺氧和营养缺乏条件下Icl蛋白的表达呈现增加的趋势，而Pup化的程度有下降的趋势，Pup化和蛋白浓度变化趋势是相反的。说明细胞在应激条件下需要Icl高表达，因而Pup蛋白酶体系统对其降解程度选择性的下降，相应提高了细胞内Icl蛋白的浓度，满足细胞在应激反应中的需要。结论Icl在分枝杆菌细胞的应激过程中发挥重要作用，其浓度随着细胞本身的状态而发生动态变化，这主要是Pup-蛋白酶体系统对它的降解调控发生变化，说明Pup可以动态调控Icl蛋白的浓度水平。
文摘We present combined photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the southern binary star PU Pup.High-resolution spectra of this system were taken at the University of Canterbury Mt.John Observatory in the years 2008 and again in 2014-2015.We find the light contribution of the secondary component to be only 2%of the total light of the system in optical wavelengths,resulting in a single-lined spectroscopic binary.Recent TESS data revealed grazing eclipses within the light minima,though the tidal distortion,examined also from Hipparcos data,remains the predominating light curve effect.Our model shows PU Pup to have the more massive primary relatively close to filling its Roche lobe.PU Pup is thus approaching the rare‘fast phase’of interactive(Case B)evolution.Our adopted absolute parameters are as follows:M_(1)=4.10(±0.20)M_(⊙),M_(2)=0.65(±0.05)M_(⊙),R_(1)=6.60(±0.30)R_(⊙),R_(2)=0.90(±0.10)R_(⊙);T_(1)=11500(±500)K,T_(2)=5000(±350)K;photometric distance=186(±20)pc,age=170(±20)Myr.The less-massive secondary component is found to be significantly oversized and overluminous compared to standard main sequence models.We discuss this discrepancy referring to heating from the reflection effect.
