实现粮食的持续稳定增长是保障区域粮食安全的关键。分解各因素对粮食生产的作用及影响强度,识别其主导因素,对提升粮食产量具有积极意义。该文运用对数平均迪氏分解方法(logarithmic mean weigh division index method,LMDI)建立因素...实现粮食的持续稳定增长是保障区域粮食安全的关键。分解各因素对粮食生产的作用及影响强度,识别其主导因素,对提升粮食产量具有积极意义。该文运用对数平均迪氏分解方法(logarithmic mean weigh division index method,LMDI)建立因素分解模型,定量评价并对比分析1980-2010年间黄淮海地区县域粮食生产变动的区域因素。结果表明,1)1980-2010年间,黄淮海地区粮食产量增加了1.01亿t,县域粮食产量"南高北低"的空间分异格局明显,苏北、皖北、豫东和鲁西地区的粮食增产显著;2)4个因素中,粮食单产对粮食产量变化起到显著的正向促进作用,复种指数次之,而粮作比例和耕地面积在较大程度上抑制了黄淮海地区粮食产量的增加;3)县域粮食生产因素分解结果表明,县域之间在耕地面积、复种指数、粮作比例和粮食单产效应方面存在明显差异。总体而言,粮食单产效应叠加上复种指数效应使苏北、皖北和豫东多数县域粮食总产量显著增加;而粮作比例效应、复种指数效应和粮食单产效应的叠加使鲁西县域的粮食总产量增加明显。展开更多
Shale with high quartz, feldspar and carbonate, will have low Poisson＇s ratio, high Young＇s modulus and high brittleness. As a result, the shale is conducive to produce natural and induced fractures under external f...Shale with high quartz, feldspar and carbonate, will have low Poisson＇s ratio, high Young＇s modulus and high brittleness. As a result, the shale is conducive to produce natural and induced fractures under external forces. In general, there is a good correlation between fracture development in shale and the volume of brittle minerals present. Shale with high TOC or abnormally high pressure has well-developed fractures. Shale fracture development also shows a positive correlation with total gas accumulation and free gas volume, i.e., the better shale fractures are developed, the greater the gas accumulation and therefore the higher the gas production. Fractures provide migration conduits and accumulation spaces for natural gas and formation water, which are favorable for the volumetric increase of free natural gas. Wider fractures in shale result in gas loss. In North America, there is a high success ratio of shale gas exploration and high gas production from high-angle fracture zones in shale. Good natural gas shows or low yield producers in the Lower Paleozoic marine organic matter-rich rocks in the Sichuan Basin are closely related to the degree of fracture development in brittle shales.展开更多
文摘实现粮食的持续稳定增长是保障区域粮食安全的关键。分解各因素对粮食生产的作用及影响强度,识别其主导因素,对提升粮食产量具有积极意义。该文运用对数平均迪氏分解方法(logarithmic mean weigh division index method,LMDI)建立因素分解模型,定量评价并对比分析1980-2010年间黄淮海地区县域粮食生产变动的区域因素。结果表明,1)1980-2010年间,黄淮海地区粮食产量增加了1.01亿t,县域粮食产量"南高北低"的空间分异格局明显,苏北、皖北、豫东和鲁西地区的粮食增产显著;2)4个因素中,粮食单产对粮食产量变化起到显著的正向促进作用,复种指数次之,而粮作比例和耕地面积在较大程度上抑制了黄淮海地区粮食产量的增加;3)县域粮食生产因素分解结果表明,县域之间在耕地面积、复种指数、粮作比例和粮食单产效应方面存在明显差异。总体而言,粮食单产效应叠加上复种指数效应使苏北、皖北和豫东多数县域粮食总产量显著增加;而粮作比例效应、复种指数效应和粮食单产效应的叠加使鲁西县域的粮食总产量增加明显。
基金sponsored jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(41072098,41002072)National Special Proiect of Investigation and Evaluation on Strategic Screening for National Oil & Gas Resources-"Potentials of Shale Gas Resources in Kev Chinese Areas and Optimization of Favorable Areas"(No.2009GYXQ-15)+2 种基金Major Special Project for National Science and Technology(2008ZX05031-001-005HZ)"973"Project of Development Plan for National Key Fundamental Studies(2006CB202302)CNPC Science & Technology Innovation Foundation Project(2008D-5006-01-06)
文摘Shale with high quartz, feldspar and carbonate, will have low Poisson＇s ratio, high Young＇s modulus and high brittleness. As a result, the shale is conducive to produce natural and induced fractures under external forces. In general, there is a good correlation between fracture development in shale and the volume of brittle minerals present. Shale with high TOC or abnormally high pressure has well-developed fractures. Shale fracture development also shows a positive correlation with total gas accumulation and free gas volume, i.e., the better shale fractures are developed, the greater the gas accumulation and therefore the higher the gas production. Fractures provide migration conduits and accumulation spaces for natural gas and formation water, which are favorable for the volumetric increase of free natural gas. Wider fractures in shale result in gas loss. In North America, there is a high success ratio of shale gas exploration and high gas production from high-angle fracture zones in shale. Good natural gas shows or low yield producers in the Lower Paleozoic marine organic matter-rich rocks in the Sichuan Basin are closely related to the degree of fracture development in brittle shales.
