Objective To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in...Objective To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008. Methods Sanlu infant formula samples were collected from families of the affected children in Gansu province, and markets in Gansu and Hebei provinces and Beijing city. Melamine and its analogues, including cyanuric acid, ammeline, and ammelide were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results High prevalence and concentrations of melamine were found in Sanlu infant formula samples, with low concentrations of cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide. Melamine were detected in 87 out of 111 Sanlu infant formula samples with a range of 118 to 4 700 mg/kg, Conclusion The results provide strong evidence for melamine as the etiological factor for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008.展开更多
Laboratory-based pathogen isolation, identification, and toxicity determination were performed on samples from a suspected case of infant botulism. Mice injected with cultures generated from the enema sample and inges...Laboratory-based pathogen isolation, identification, and toxicity determination were performed on samples from a suspected case of infant botulism. Mice injected with cultures generated from the enema sample and ingested Powered infant formula （PIF） presented typical signs of botulism. Antitoxins to polyvalent botulinum neurotoxins （BoNTs） and monovalent BoNT type B antitoxin had protective effects. Clostridium botulinum isolated from the enema and residual PIF samples were positive for type B toxin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） revealed that the two strains of C. botulinum isolated from the two samples produced indistinguishable pulsotypes. These findings confirmed this case of type B infant botulism associated with the ingestion of PIF contaminated bv type B C. botulinum spores.展开更多
建立一种荧光染料叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)与环介导等温扩增(LAMP)相结合的技术,同时利用羟基萘酚蓝(HNB)染料对婴儿配方奶粉中沙门氏菌活菌进行快速可视化检测。以沙门氏菌siiA基因为靶点,设计特异性引物,利用PMA抑制死菌DNA的扩增反应,反应...建立一种荧光染料叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)与环介导等温扩增(LAMP)相结合的技术,同时利用羟基萘酚蓝(HNB)染料对婴儿配方奶粉中沙门氏菌活菌进行快速可视化检测。以沙门氏菌siiA基因为靶点,设计特异性引物,利用PMA抑制死菌DNA的扩增反应,反应前向体系中加入HNB染料,通过颜色变化对目标菌进行快速检测。结果表明,PMA的最佳处理浓度为3μg/mL,体系中HNB的最优浓度为150μmol/L,所构建的PMA-LAMP-HNB方法对沙门氏菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度为4.6×10^1CFU/mL,对人工污染婴儿配方奶粉中该菌的检测灵敏度为6.3×10^1CFU/g,是传统PCR方法的100倍,且总检测时间不超过1 h 30 min。展开更多
采集了市场中的220份婴儿配方乳粉,利用生理生化和分子鉴定的方法对采集样品中的克罗诺杆菌进行了分离鉴定,检出10株克罗诺杆菌,污染率为4.55%。利用16S r RNA和omp A基因对克罗诺杆菌进行分型分析,都将10株克罗诺杆菌分为了2个簇,但是...采集了市场中的220份婴儿配方乳粉,利用生理生化和分子鉴定的方法对采集样品中的克罗诺杆菌进行了分离鉴定,检出10株克罗诺杆菌,污染率为4.55%。利用16S r RNA和omp A基因对克罗诺杆菌进行分型分析,都将10株克罗诺杆菌分为了2个簇,但是不同分型方法各个簇中的菌株不同。结果表明16S r RNA和omp A基因可以用于克罗诺杆菌的分型,但是辨识度不高。展开更多
结合陕西省两个婴幼儿配方乳粉加工厂婴配粉生产工艺,对生产原辅料、车间环境、加工设备及工厂周边土壤进行采样,检测克罗诺杆菌的污染状况,并对菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分型溯源,定位克罗诺杆菌...结合陕西省两个婴幼儿配方乳粉加工厂婴配粉生产工艺,对生产原辅料、车间环境、加工设备及工厂周边土壤进行采样,检测克罗诺杆菌的污染状况,并对菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分型溯源,定位克罗诺杆菌在生产过程的污染点。结果表明,采集的1246份样品中检出14份(1.12%)克罗诺杆菌阳性样品,分离得到克罗诺杆菌33株。33株分离株被分为14种基因型别,相似度为85.9%~100.0%。结合PFGE分型结果和乳粉生产工序,明确了乳粉糖、工作人员鞋底、工厂周边土壤、后包车间、净化系统进风口和车间阴沟等均可能是克罗诺杆菌污染的关键点。研究结果可为婴幼儿配方粉生产过程中克罗诺杆菌污染源的甄别和控制提供依据。展开更多
Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, w...Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula(PIF). Cronobacter spp.can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp.have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008. Methods Sanlu infant formula samples were collected from families of the affected children in Gansu province, and markets in Gansu and Hebei provinces and Beijing city. Melamine and its analogues, including cyanuric acid, ammeline, and ammelide were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results High prevalence and concentrations of melamine were found in Sanlu infant formula samples, with low concentrations of cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide. Melamine were detected in 87 out of 111 Sanlu infant formula samples with a range of 118 to 4 700 mg/kg, Conclusion The results provide strong evidence for melamine as the etiological factor for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth Fund Project:Integrated Identification and Risk Assessment of Clostridium and its Metabolites(81402684)
文摘Laboratory-based pathogen isolation, identification, and toxicity determination were performed on samples from a suspected case of infant botulism. Mice injected with cultures generated from the enema sample and ingested Powered infant formula （PIF） presented typical signs of botulism. Antitoxins to polyvalent botulinum neurotoxins （BoNTs） and monovalent BoNT type B antitoxin had protective effects. Clostridium botulinum isolated from the enema and residual PIF samples were positive for type B toxin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） revealed that the two strains of C. botulinum isolated from the two samples produced indistinguishable pulsotypes. These findings confirmed this case of type B infant botulism associated with the ingestion of PIF contaminated bv type B C. botulinum spores.
文摘建立一种荧光染料叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)与环介导等温扩增(LAMP)相结合的技术,同时利用羟基萘酚蓝(HNB)染料对婴儿配方奶粉中沙门氏菌活菌进行快速可视化检测。以沙门氏菌siiA基因为靶点,设计特异性引物,利用PMA抑制死菌DNA的扩增反应,反应前向体系中加入HNB染料,通过颜色变化对目标菌进行快速检测。结果表明,PMA的最佳处理浓度为3μg/mL,体系中HNB的最优浓度为150μmol/L,所构建的PMA-LAMP-HNB方法对沙门氏菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度为4.6×10^1CFU/mL,对人工污染婴儿配方奶粉中该菌的检测灵敏度为6.3×10^1CFU/g,是传统PCR方法的100倍,且总检测时间不超过1 h 30 min。
文摘采集了市场中的220份婴儿配方乳粉,利用生理生化和分子鉴定的方法对采集样品中的克罗诺杆菌进行了分离鉴定,检出10株克罗诺杆菌,污染率为4.55%。利用16S r RNA和omp A基因对克罗诺杆菌进行分型分析,都将10株克罗诺杆菌分为了2个簇,但是不同分型方法各个簇中的菌株不同。结果表明16S r RNA和omp A基因可以用于克罗诺杆菌的分型,但是辨识度不高。
文摘结合陕西省两个婴幼儿配方乳粉加工厂婴配粉生产工艺,对生产原辅料、车间环境、加工设备及工厂周边土壤进行采样,检测克罗诺杆菌的污染状况,并对菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分型溯源,定位克罗诺杆菌在生产过程的污染点。结果表明,采集的1246份样品中检出14份(1.12%)克罗诺杆菌阳性样品,分离得到克罗诺杆菌33株。33株分离株被分为14种基因型别,相似度为85.9%~100.0%。结合PFGE分型结果和乳粉生产工序,明确了乳粉糖、工作人员鞋底、工厂周边土壤、后包车间、净化系统进风口和车间阴沟等均可能是克罗诺杆菌污染的关键点。研究结果可为婴幼儿配方粉生产过程中克罗诺杆菌污染源的甄别和控制提供依据。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611478)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula(PIF). Cronobacter spp.can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp.have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.
