Background Previous animal and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that brain function in heroin addicted users is impaired. However, the posterior cingulate cortex （PCC） has not received much attention. The purp...Background Previous animal and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that brain function in heroin addicted users is impaired. However, the posterior cingulate cortex （PCC） has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic heroin use is associated with craving-related changes in the functional connectivity of the PCC of heroin addicted users. Methods Fourteen male adult chronic heroin users and fifteen age and gender-matched healthy subjects participated in the present study. The participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） scan and a cue-induced craving task fMRI scan. The activated PCC was identified in the cue-induced craving task by means of a group contrast test. Functional connectivity was analyzed based on resting-state fMRI data in order to determine the correlation between brain regions. The relationship between the connectivity of specific regions and heroin dependence was investigated. Results The activation of PCC, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, precuneus, and thalamus was significant in the heroin group compared to the healthy group in the cue-induced craving task. The detectable functional connectivity of the heroin users was stronger between the PCC and bilateral insula, bilateral dorsal striatum, right inferior parietal Iobule （IPL） and right supramarginal gyrus （P 〈0.001） compared to that of the healthy subjects in the resting-state data analysis. The strength of the functional connectivity, both for the PCC-insula （r=0.60, P 〈0.05） and for PCC-striatum （t=0.58, P 〈0.05）, was positively correlated with the duration of heroin use. Conclusion The altered functional connectivity patterns in the PCC-insula and PCC-striatum areas may be regarded as biomarkers of brain damage severity in chronic heroin users.展开更多
中国儿童超重肥胖比率不断增长,危害儿童身心健康.因此,有必要关注儿童肥胖问题,探究儿童饮食行为与肥胖的脑结构关联.慢食行为是儿童饮食行为中潜在的重要关键因素,在增强饱腹感的同时减少能量摄入,能够有效预防和改善肥胖问题,但已有...中国儿童超重肥胖比率不断增长,危害儿童身心健康.因此,有必要关注儿童肥胖问题,探究儿童饮食行为与肥胖的脑结构关联.慢食行为是儿童饮食行为中潜在的重要关键因素,在增强饱腹感的同时减少能量摄入,能够有效预防和改善肥胖问题,但已有研究未深入探讨其脑结构基础.本研究选取99名儿童,年龄范围为9~12岁,平均年龄为10.476±0.855岁,通过儿童饮食行为量表的慢食维度测量儿童的慢食行为,使用磁共振成像仪采集脑影像数据,获取脑区皮层体积并映射到中国儿童脑体积常模上,进一步得到儿童脑区皮层体积在常模上的相对位置参数.相关分析结果表明,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与慢食行为(r=-0.383,P<0.001)呈负相关,与舌回皮层体积(r=0.304,P=0.002)和后扣带回皮层体积呈正相关(r=0.392,P<0.001),慢食行为与后扣带回皮层体积呈负相关(r=‒0.221,P=0.028).中介模型表明后扣带回皮层体积在儿童慢食行为与身体质量指数之间存在中介作用,中介效应值为‒0.088.后扣带回具有重要的奖赏和执行控制功能,引导注意力焦点(进食体验、进食过程)和支持内部导向认知(奖赏状态、饱腹状态).慢食行为的儿童感知进食过程并识别饱腹信号,适时停止进食行为,而快速进食的儿童在进食体验带来的奖赏中忽视了饱腹状态,往往与过度进食产生肥胖有关.本研究提供了儿童慢食行为和身体质量指数稳健的脑结构基础证据,并且为从减缓餐内饮食速度入手改善儿童肥胖问题提供理论参考.展开更多
基金This research was supported-in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 30870685, 81071142, 81071143 and 81201081） and the Development Project of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province （Nos. 2008K12-02, 2009K01-65, 2010K16-03-01 and 2010K16-03-02）.
文摘Background Previous animal and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that brain function in heroin addicted users is impaired. However, the posterior cingulate cortex （PCC） has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic heroin use is associated with craving-related changes in the functional connectivity of the PCC of heroin addicted users. Methods Fourteen male adult chronic heroin users and fifteen age and gender-matched healthy subjects participated in the present study. The participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） scan and a cue-induced craving task fMRI scan. The activated PCC was identified in the cue-induced craving task by means of a group contrast test. Functional connectivity was analyzed based on resting-state fMRI data in order to determine the correlation between brain regions. The relationship between the connectivity of specific regions and heroin dependence was investigated. Results The activation of PCC, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, precuneus, and thalamus was significant in the heroin group compared to the healthy group in the cue-induced craving task. The detectable functional connectivity of the heroin users was stronger between the PCC and bilateral insula, bilateral dorsal striatum, right inferior parietal Iobule （IPL） and right supramarginal gyrus （P 〈0.001） compared to that of the healthy subjects in the resting-state data analysis. The strength of the functional connectivity, both for the PCC-insula （r=0.60, P 〈0.05） and for PCC-striatum （t=0.58, P 〈0.05）, was positively correlated with the duration of heroin use. Conclusion The altered functional connectivity patterns in the PCC-insula and PCC-striatum areas may be regarded as biomarkers of brain damage severity in chronic heroin users.
文摘中国儿童超重肥胖比率不断增长,危害儿童身心健康.因此,有必要关注儿童肥胖问题,探究儿童饮食行为与肥胖的脑结构关联.慢食行为是儿童饮食行为中潜在的重要关键因素,在增强饱腹感的同时减少能量摄入,能够有效预防和改善肥胖问题,但已有研究未深入探讨其脑结构基础.本研究选取99名儿童,年龄范围为9~12岁,平均年龄为10.476±0.855岁,通过儿童饮食行为量表的慢食维度测量儿童的慢食行为,使用磁共振成像仪采集脑影像数据,获取脑区皮层体积并映射到中国儿童脑体积常模上,进一步得到儿童脑区皮层体积在常模上的相对位置参数.相关分析结果表明,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与慢食行为(r=-0.383,P<0.001)呈负相关,与舌回皮层体积(r=0.304,P=0.002)和后扣带回皮层体积呈正相关(r=0.392,P<0.001),慢食行为与后扣带回皮层体积呈负相关(r=‒0.221,P=0.028).中介模型表明后扣带回皮层体积在儿童慢食行为与身体质量指数之间存在中介作用,中介效应值为‒0.088.后扣带回具有重要的奖赏和执行控制功能,引导注意力焦点(进食体验、进食过程)和支持内部导向认知(奖赏状态、饱腹状态).慢食行为的儿童感知进食过程并识别饱腹信号,适时停止进食行为,而快速进食的儿童在进食体验带来的奖赏中忽视了饱腹状态,往往与过度进食产生肥胖有关.本研究提供了儿童慢食行为和身体质量指数稳健的脑结构基础证据,并且为从减缓餐内饮食速度入手改善儿童肥胖问题提供理论参考.
