为提高引航调度工作效率,保障引航船舶操纵工作更加安全,通过分析引航业务实际需求,采用了基于高分辨率影像、PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)嵌入式、WIFI(Wireless Fidelity)和GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)通讯等先进技术,构...为提高引航调度工作效率,保障引航船舶操纵工作更加安全,通过分析引航业务实际需求,采用了基于高分辨率影像、PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)嵌入式、WIFI(Wireless Fidelity)和GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)通讯等先进技术,构成了郑和一号船舶引航系统.该系统为船舶引航工作提供了更加直观的调度平台和航行导航设备.系统通过公网(Internet)或局域网(LAN)的网络通讯接收来自AIS通讯服务端传来的海域内所有船舶动态信息,实时在系统海图窗口中更新显示,同时为用户提供了基于多比例尺电子海图或多分辨率遥感影像,并可叠加航道、航标、锚地、泊位、地名以及水深点等多维助航要素数据,进行显示、查询、监控等操作功能,从而为船舶引航调度提供辅助支持.展开更多
This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route （NSR） in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a compre...This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route （NSR） in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. （1） Our legal analysis indicates that Russia＇s view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. （2） Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.展开更多
In recent years,marine pilotage accidents occurring on a worldwide basis as a result of human error have not been ceased to transpire,despite advances in technology and a significant set of international conventions,r...In recent years,marine pilotage accidents occurring on a worldwide basis as a result of human error have not been ceased to transpire,despite advances in technology and a significant set of international conventions,regulations,and recommendations to reduce them.This paper aims to investigate the effect of human factors on the safety of maritime pilotage operations.The human factors that affect the operators who are performing ships’berthing operations have also been examined in detail.In this study,in order to determine the causes of human-related errors occurred in maritime pilotage accidents,a comprehensive literature review is carried out,and a considerable number of real past case examples and an analysis of the maritime accident investigation reports regarding pilotage operations events that occurred between 1995 and 2015 have been reviewed.To validate the identified humanrelated risk factors(HCFs)and explore other contributory factors,survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with domain experts have been conducted.A structural hierarchy diagram for the identified risk factors(HCFs)has been developed and validated through experienced experts belonging to the maritime sector.A questionnaire for pair-wise comparison is carried out and analysed using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)approach to evaluate the weight and rank the importance of the identified human causal factors.The findings of this study will benefit the maritime industry,by identifying a new database on causal factors that are contributing to the occurrence of maritime pilotage disasters.The database can be used as a stand-alone reference or help implement effective risk reduction strategies to reduce the human error,that might occur during pilotage operations.展开更多
文摘为提高引航调度工作效率,保障引航船舶操纵工作更加安全,通过分析引航业务实际需求,采用了基于高分辨率影像、PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)嵌入式、WIFI(Wireless Fidelity)和GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)通讯等先进技术,构成了郑和一号船舶引航系统.该系统为船舶引航工作提供了更加直观的调度平台和航行导航设备.系统通过公网(Internet)或局域网(LAN)的网络通讯接收来自AIS通讯服务端传来的海域内所有船舶动态信息,实时在系统海图窗口中更新显示,同时为用户提供了基于多比例尺电子海图或多分辨率遥感影像,并可叠加航道、航标、锚地、泊位、地名以及水深点等多维助航要素数据,进行显示、查询、监控等操作功能,从而为船舶引航调度提供辅助支持.
基金Marine Science Research Project for Public Welfare "Assessment for Navigability of Arctic Sea Route and Research & Demonstration for Prediction System for Sea Route" (Grant no. 201205007-6)Research Project of Polar Right and Interest, the Department of International Cooperation of the State Oceanic Administration, China
文摘This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route （NSR） in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. （1） Our legal analysis indicates that Russia＇s view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. （2） Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.
文摘In recent years,marine pilotage accidents occurring on a worldwide basis as a result of human error have not been ceased to transpire,despite advances in technology and a significant set of international conventions,regulations,and recommendations to reduce them.This paper aims to investigate the effect of human factors on the safety of maritime pilotage operations.The human factors that affect the operators who are performing ships’berthing operations have also been examined in detail.In this study,in order to determine the causes of human-related errors occurred in maritime pilotage accidents,a comprehensive literature review is carried out,and a considerable number of real past case examples and an analysis of the maritime accident investigation reports regarding pilotage operations events that occurred between 1995 and 2015 have been reviewed.To validate the identified humanrelated risk factors(HCFs)and explore other contributory factors,survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with domain experts have been conducted.A structural hierarchy diagram for the identified risk factors(HCFs)has been developed and validated through experienced experts belonging to the maritime sector.A questionnaire for pair-wise comparison is carried out and analysed using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)approach to evaluate the weight and rank the importance of the identified human causal factors.The findings of this study will benefit the maritime industry,by identifying a new database on causal factors that are contributing to the occurrence of maritime pilotage disasters.The database can be used as a stand-alone reference or help implement effective risk reduction strategies to reduce the human error,that might occur during pilotage operations.
