The present paper uses a two-step approach to estimate the pass-through effects of changes in international commodity prices and the RMB exchange rate on domestic consumer price inflation in China. We first estimate t...The present paper uses a two-step approach to estimate the pass-through effects of changes in international commodity prices and the RMB exchange rate on domestic consumer price inflation in China. We first estimate the pass-through effects of international commodity prices on producer prices and then estimate the pass-through effects of producer price inflation on consumer price inflation. We find that a l O-percent increase in international commodity prices would lead to China＇ s producer prices increasing by 1.2 percent 3 months later, which in turn would increase China＇ s domestic inflation by 0.24 percent over the same period. However, a 10-percent appreciation of the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar would help to reduce increases in producer prices by 4.4 percent over the following 3 months, which in turn would lead to a 0. 89-percent decline in consumer price inflation over the same period. Our findings suggest that appreciation of the RMB in an environment of rising global commodity prices and a weak US dollar could be an effective instrument to help contain inflation in China.展开更多
文摘The present paper uses a two-step approach to estimate the pass-through effects of changes in international commodity prices and the RMB exchange rate on domestic consumer price inflation in China. We first estimate the pass-through effects of international commodity prices on producer prices and then estimate the pass-through effects of producer price inflation on consumer price inflation. We find that a l O-percent increase in international commodity prices would lead to China＇ s producer prices increasing by 1.2 percent 3 months later, which in turn would increase China＇ s domestic inflation by 0.24 percent over the same period. However, a 10-percent appreciation of the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar would help to reduce increases in producer prices by 4.4 percent over the following 3 months, which in turn would lead to a 0. 89-percent decline in consumer price inflation over the same period. Our findings suggest that appreciation of the RMB in an environment of rising global commodity prices and a weak US dollar could be an effective instrument to help contain inflation in China.
文摘目的 分析沉浸式情景模拟教学在培训医务人员感控能力提升中的作用和效果。 方法 以浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院沉浸式情景模拟教学培训的实施时间(2020年8月)为界限,将实施前(2019年8月入职)的352名新员工纳为对照组,采用理论培训+普通实践操作培训的岗前培训形式;将实施后(2020年8月入职)的298名新员工纳为观察组,采用理论培训+沉浸式情景模拟操作的岗前培训形式。比较两组新员工理论培训后及不同形式的实践培训后的医院感染相关知识掌握情况、感控措施执行情况[手卫生依从率、手卫生正确率、个人防护用品(personal protective equipment,PPE)正确选择率、PPE穿脱实践操作100%合格率、医疗废弃物处置合格率];比较两组新员工的培训效果(最终考核成绩)及培训满意度[明尼苏达满意度短式量表(Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire,MSQ)]。运用SPSS 22.0进行 t 检验和卡方检验。 结果 两组新员工经过理论+实践操作培训后,理论考核成绩较仅理论培训后提高,且观察组高于对照组( P <0.05);观察组新员工经沉浸式情景模拟教学培训后的感控措施执行情况较对照组改善,且观察组PPE选择正确率、PPE穿脱100%合格率高于对照组( P <0.05),而两组间手卫生正确率及医疗废弃物处置合格率比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05);培训结束时,观察组新员工的最终考核成绩及满意度MSQ评分高于对照组( P <0.05)。 结论 沉浸式情景模拟教学培训干预有利于提高新员工医院感染知识的掌握度,规范其手卫生、PPE选择及使用等临床感控行为,获得了良好培训效果,有利于其感控能力的提升。
