华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括：东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带（Jiao-Liao-Ji belt）、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带（Khondalite belt）以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带（Trans-North China Orogen）。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构...华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括：东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带（Jiao-Liao-Ji belt）、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带（Khondalite belt）以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带（Trans-North China Orogen）。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构造、变质地质、岩浆作用、地球化学、同位素年代学以及地球物理等方面积累了大量资料,并取得了一系列重要的科学进展。其中,胶-辽-吉带是华北克拉通最具代表性的一条古元古代造山/活动带,它不仅接受了古元古代巨量的陆壳物质沉积,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,并经受了多期岩浆-变质事件的改造。胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的物质组成最为丰富,以大面积分布的巨量（火山）沉积岩系为特征,在中国境内包括吉南地区的集安群和老岭群、辽东南地区的南辽河和北辽河群、胶北地区的荆山群和粉子山群,向南西则有可能穿越郯庐断裂延伸至徐州-蚌埠一带的五河群,总体呈NE向展布,延伸规模长约1000km。从巨量沉积岩系的岩石组合和空间分布特征来看,荆山群与南辽河群、集安群可以对比,而粉子山群则与北辽河群、老岭群相当。然而,由于多期/多阶段强烈构造变形作用的影响,原来各群、组中地层的上下层位及接触关系已完全破坏,目前均已呈规模不一的构造岩片形式叠置在一起,彼此之间呈断层或韧性剪切带接触。巨量变沉积岩系的源区物质主要来源于造山/活动带内古元古代花岗质岩石和两侧古老陆块的变质基底,原岩形成时代为1.95～2.15Ga左右。以往研究表明,胶-辽-吉造山/活动带变质作用的强度十分不均匀,（中-高压）麻粒岩相变质只局限于胶北的荆山群及相关岩石,而粉子山群以及辽东南的南、北辽河群和吉南的集安群、老岭群只经历了角闪岩相变质,局部甚至只达到绿片岩相变质。粉子山群、北辽河群和老岭群变展开更多
Much attention has been paid in the last two decades to the physical and chemical processes as well as temporal-spatial variations of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. In order to provide insight...Much attention has been paid in the last two decades to the physical and chemical processes as well as temporal-spatial variations of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. In order to provide insights into the geodynamics of this variation, it is necessary to thoroughly study the state and structure of the lithospheric crust and mantle of the North China Craton and its adjacent regions as an integrated unit. Based on the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle constrained from seismological studies, this paper presents various available geophysical results regarding the lithosphere thickness, the nature of crust-mantle boundary, the upper mantle structure and deformation characteristics as well as their tectonic features and evolution systematics. Combined with the obtained data from petrology and geochemistry, a mantle flow model is proposed for the tectonic evolution of the North China Craton during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. We suggest that subduction of the Pacific plate made the mantle underneath the eastern Asian continent unstable and able to flow faster. Such a regional mantle flow system would cause an elevation of melt/fluid content in the upper mantle of the North China Craton and the lithospheric softening, which, subsequently resulted in destruction of the North China Craton in different ways of delamination and thermal erosion in Yanshan, Taihang Mountains and the Tan-Lu Fault zone. Multiple lines of evidence recorded in the crust of the North China Craton, such as the amalgamation of the Archean eastern and western blocks, the subduction of Paleo-oceanic crust and Paleo-continental residue, indicate that the Earth in the Paleoproterozoic had already evolved into the plate tectonic system similar to the present plate tectonics.展开更多
The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the Eastern and Western Blocks and the Central Zone (Trans-North China Orogen). The West Block formed by the amal-gamation of the Ordos Block in the south and...The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the Eastern and Western Blocks and the Central Zone (Trans-North China Orogen). The West Block formed by the amal-gamation of the Ordos Block in the south and the Yinshan Block in the north 1.9—2.0 Ga ago. In 1.8—1.9 Ga, the Eastern and Western Blocks were amalgamated along the Central Zone to form the North China Craton.展开更多
文摘华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括：东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带（Jiao-Liao-Ji belt）、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带（Khondalite belt）以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带（Trans-North China Orogen）。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构造、变质地质、岩浆作用、地球化学、同位素年代学以及地球物理等方面积累了大量资料,并取得了一系列重要的科学进展。其中,胶-辽-吉带是华北克拉通最具代表性的一条古元古代造山/活动带,它不仅接受了古元古代巨量的陆壳物质沉积,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,并经受了多期岩浆-变质事件的改造。胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的物质组成最为丰富,以大面积分布的巨量（火山）沉积岩系为特征,在中国境内包括吉南地区的集安群和老岭群、辽东南地区的南辽河和北辽河群、胶北地区的荆山群和粉子山群,向南西则有可能穿越郯庐断裂延伸至徐州-蚌埠一带的五河群,总体呈NE向展布,延伸规模长约1000km。从巨量沉积岩系的岩石组合和空间分布特征来看,荆山群与南辽河群、集安群可以对比,而粉子山群则与北辽河群、老岭群相当。然而,由于多期/多阶段强烈构造变形作用的影响,原来各群、组中地层的上下层位及接触关系已完全破坏,目前均已呈规模不一的构造岩片形式叠置在一起,彼此之间呈断层或韧性剪切带接触。巨量变沉积岩系的源区物质主要来源于造山/活动带内古元古代花岗质岩石和两侧古老陆块的变质基底,原岩形成时代为1.95～2.15Ga左右。以往研究表明,胶-辽-吉造山/活动带变质作用的强度十分不均匀,（中-高压）麻粒岩相变质只局限于胶北的荆山群及相关岩石,而粉子山群以及辽东南的南、北辽河群和吉南的集安群、老岭群只经历了角闪岩相变质,局部甚至只达到绿片岩相变质。粉子山群、北辽河群和老岭群变
基金Supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90814000)
文摘Much attention has been paid in the last two decades to the physical and chemical processes as well as temporal-spatial variations of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. In order to provide insights into the geodynamics of this variation, it is necessary to thoroughly study the state and structure of the lithospheric crust and mantle of the North China Craton and its adjacent regions as an integrated unit. Based on the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle constrained from seismological studies, this paper presents various available geophysical results regarding the lithosphere thickness, the nature of crust-mantle boundary, the upper mantle structure and deformation characteristics as well as their tectonic features and evolution systematics. Combined with the obtained data from petrology and geochemistry, a mantle flow model is proposed for the tectonic evolution of the North China Craton during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. We suggest that subduction of the Pacific plate made the mantle underneath the eastern Asian continent unstable and able to flow faster. Such a regional mantle flow system would cause an elevation of melt/fluid content in the upper mantle of the North China Craton and the lithospheric softening, which, subsequently resulted in destruction of the North China Craton in different ways of delamination and thermal erosion in Yanshan, Taihang Mountains and the Tan-Lu Fault zone. Multiple lines of evidence recorded in the crust of the North China Craton, such as the amalgamation of the Archean eastern and western blocks, the subduction of Paleo-oceanic crust and Paleo-continental residue, indicate that the Earth in the Paleoproterozoic had already evolved into the plate tectonic system similar to the present plate tectonics.
基金This work was supported by an RGC Grant of Hong Kong,China(Grant Nos.HKU7115/00P and HKU7090/01P)
文摘The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the Eastern and Western Blocks and the Central Zone (Trans-North China Orogen). The West Block formed by the amal-gamation of the Ordos Block in the south and the Yinshan Block in the north 1.9—2.0 Ga ago. In 1.8—1.9 Ga, the Eastern and Western Blocks were amalgamated along the Central Zone to form the North China Craton.
