Numerical simulations are performed to examine the packing behavior of human red blood cells(RBCs). A combined ?nite-discrete element method(FDEM) is utilized, in which the RBCs are modeled as no-friction and no-adhes...Numerical simulations are performed to examine the packing behavior of human red blood cells(RBCs). A combined ?nite-discrete element method(FDEM) is utilized, in which the RBCs are modeled as no-friction and no-adhesion solid bodies. The packed volume and the void ratio of a large number of randomly packed RBCs are clari?ed,and the effects of the RBC shape, the mesh size, the cell number, and the container size are investigated. The results show that the packed human RBCs with normal shape have a void ratio of 28.45%, which is slightly higher than that of the ?at or thick cells used in this study. Such information is bene?cial to the further understanding on the geometric features of human RBCs and the research on RBC simulations.展开更多
AIM To determine if packed red blood cell transfusions contribute to the development of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 49 premature infants on parenteral nutriti...AIM To determine if packed red blood cell transfusions contribute to the development of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 49 premature infants on parenteral nutrition for > 30 d who received packed red blood cell(PRBC) transfusions was performed. Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease was primarily defined by direct bilirubin(db) > 2.0 mg/dL. A high transfusion cohort was defined as receiving > 75 mL packed red blood cells(the median value). KaplanMeier plots estimated the median volume of packedred blood cells received in order to develop parenteral nutrition associated liver disease.RESULTS Parenteral nutritional associated liver disease(PNALD) was noted in 21(43%) infants based on db. Among the 27 high transfusion infants, PNALD was present in 17(64%) based on elevated direct bilirubin which was significantly greater than the low transfusion recipients. About 50% of the infants, who were transfused 101-125 mL packed red blood cells, developed PNALD based on elevation of direct bilirubin. All infants who were transfused more than 200 mL of packed red blood cells developed PNALD. Similar results were seen when using elevation of aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase to define PNALD.CONCLUSION In this retrospective, pilot study there was a statistically significant correlation between the volume of PRBC transfusions received by premature infants and the development of PNALD.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)Turbulence Consortium Grant(No.EP/G069581/1)the Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship(No.PIIF-GA-253453)
文摘Numerical simulations are performed to examine the packing behavior of human red blood cells(RBCs). A combined ?nite-discrete element method(FDEM) is utilized, in which the RBCs are modeled as no-friction and no-adhesion solid bodies. The packed volume and the void ratio of a large number of randomly packed RBCs are clari?ed,and the effects of the RBC shape, the mesh size, the cell number, and the container size are investigated. The results show that the packed human RBCs with normal shape have a void ratio of 28.45%, which is slightly higher than that of the ?at or thick cells used in this study. Such information is bene?cial to the further understanding on the geometric features of human RBCs and the research on RBC simulations.
文摘AIM To determine if packed red blood cell transfusions contribute to the development of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 49 premature infants on parenteral nutrition for > 30 d who received packed red blood cell(PRBC) transfusions was performed. Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease was primarily defined by direct bilirubin(db) > 2.0 mg/dL. A high transfusion cohort was defined as receiving > 75 mL packed red blood cells(the median value). KaplanMeier plots estimated the median volume of packedred blood cells received in order to develop parenteral nutrition associated liver disease.RESULTS Parenteral nutritional associated liver disease(PNALD) was noted in 21(43%) infants based on db. Among the 27 high transfusion infants, PNALD was present in 17(64%) based on elevated direct bilirubin which was significantly greater than the low transfusion recipients. About 50% of the infants, who were transfused 101-125 mL packed red blood cells, developed PNALD based on elevation of direct bilirubin. All infants who were transfused more than 200 mL of packed red blood cells developed PNALD. Similar results were seen when using elevation of aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase to define PNALD.CONCLUSION In this retrospective, pilot study there was a statistically significant correlation between the volume of PRBC transfusions received by premature infants and the development of PNALD.
