Objective:Since December 2019,an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred in Wuhan,and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China.This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine(...Objective:Since December 2019,an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred in Wuhan,and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China.This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine(CM)for the prevention.In order to provide evidenee for CM recommendations,we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.Methods:Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics,clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and H1N1 in flue nza,and CM preve ntion programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from differe nt databases and websites till 12 February,2020.Research evide nee in eluded data from clinical trials,cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.Results:The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing)where preventive effects were recorded.There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza.None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies.The infection rate of H1N1 in flue nza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group(relative risk 0.36,95%confidence interval 0.24-0.52;n=4).For prevention of COVID-19,23 provinces in China issued CM programs.The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathoge ns,disperse wind and discharge heat,and resolve damp ness.The most frequently used herbs in eluded Radix astragali(Huangqi),Radix glycyrrhizae(Gancao),Radix saposhnikoviae(Fangfeng),Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(Baizhu),Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua),and Fructus forsythia(Lianqiao).Conclusions:Based on historical records and human evidenee of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention,Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population.Prospective,rigorous population stud展开更多
A unified approach called partition-and-recur for developing efficient and correct algorithmic programs is presented. An algorithm (represented by recurrence and initiation) is separated from program, and special att...A unified approach called partition-and-recur for developing efficient and correct algorithmic programs is presented. An algorithm (represented by recurrence and initiation) is separated from program, and special attention is paid to algorithm manipulation rather than program calculus. An algorithm is exactly a set of mathematical formulae. It is easier for formal derivation and proof. After getting efficient and correct algorithm, a trivial transformation is used to get a final program. The approach covers several known algorithm design techniques, e.g. dynamic programming, greedy, divide-and-conquer and enumeration, etc. The techniques of partition and recurrence are not new. Partition is a general approach for dealing with complicated objects and is typically used in divide-and-conquer approach. Recurrence is used in algorithm analysis, in developing loop invariants and dynamic programming approach. The main contribution is combining two techniques used in typical algorithm development into a unified and systematic approach to develop general efficient algorithmic programs and presenting a new representation of algorithm that is easier for understanding and demonstrating the correctness and ingenuity of algorithmic programs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830115),ChinaProf.Nicola Robinson(visiting professor of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine)is supported by the Overseas Expertise Project,Ministry of Education of China(No.MS20080009)。
文摘Objective:Since December 2019,an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred in Wuhan,and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China.This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine(CM)for the prevention.In order to provide evidenee for CM recommendations,we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.Methods:Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics,clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and H1N1 in flue nza,and CM preve ntion programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from differe nt databases and websites till 12 February,2020.Research evide nee in eluded data from clinical trials,cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.Results:The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing)where preventive effects were recorded.There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza.None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies.The infection rate of H1N1 in flue nza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group(relative risk 0.36,95%confidence interval 0.24-0.52;n=4).For prevention of COVID-19,23 provinces in China issued CM programs.The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathoge ns,disperse wind and discharge heat,and resolve damp ness.The most frequently used herbs in eluded Radix astragali(Huangqi),Radix glycyrrhizae(Gancao),Radix saposhnikoviae(Fangfeng),Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(Baizhu),Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua),and Fructus forsythia(Lianqiao).Conclusions:Based on historical records and human evidenee of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention,Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population.Prospective,rigorous population stud
基金the 863 Hi-Tech Programmethe National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘A unified approach called partition-and-recur for developing efficient and correct algorithmic programs is presented. An algorithm (represented by recurrence and initiation) is separated from program, and special attention is paid to algorithm manipulation rather than program calculus. An algorithm is exactly a set of mathematical formulae. It is easier for formal derivation and proof. After getting efficient and correct algorithm, a trivial transformation is used to get a final program. The approach covers several known algorithm design techniques, e.g. dynamic programming, greedy, divide-and-conquer and enumeration, etc. The techniques of partition and recurrence are not new. Partition is a general approach for dealing with complicated objects and is typically used in divide-and-conquer approach. Recurrence is used in algorithm analysis, in developing loop invariants and dynamic programming approach. The main contribution is combining two techniques used in typical algorithm development into a unified and systematic approach to develop general efficient algorithmic programs and presenting a new representation of algorithm that is easier for understanding and demonstrating the correctness and ingenuity of algorithmic programs.
