PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control a...PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control algorithm with two main improvements is presented: one is that it is able to redefine the weight and its predicted value in PERM, and the other is that it is able to unify the calculation of weight when choosing possible branches. The improved PERM is more efficient than the previous version; specifi- cally it can find the known lowest energy states for the four well-known difficult instances and is generally several to hundreds times faster than PERM. It is noteworthy that with the improved PERM we found new lowest energy configura- tions of three of the four difficult problems missed in previ- ous papers.展开更多
The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilme...The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilmenite. The other heavy minerals sillimanite, zircon, garnet, monazite, and pyriboles are in the order of abundance identified. In this present study, Mozley mineral separator has been used to recover THM from red sediment. Mineral separator results indicate that a product ob- tained contains 72.2% by weight with 94.4% THM and 95% recovery. The ilmenite concentrate recov- ered using dry low-intensity magnetic separator from the THM concentrate can be used in pigment in- dustries after suitable pyrometallurgical/chemical processing methods.展开更多
Although there has been significant progress in the seismic imaging of mantle heterogeneity, the outstanding issue that remains to be resolved is the unknown distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in the distant...Although there has been significant progress in the seismic imaging of mantle heterogeneity, the outstanding issue that remains to be resolved is the unknown distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in the distant geological past that give rise to the present-day anomalies inferred by global tomography models. To address this question, we present 3-D convection models in compressible and self-gravitating mantle initialised by different hypothetical temperature patterns. A notable feature of our forward convection modelling is the use of self-consistent coupling of the motion of surface tectonic plates to the underlying mantle flow, without imposing prescribed surface velocities （i.e., p/ate-like boundary condition）. As an approximation for the surface mechanical conditions before plate tectonics began to operate we employ the no-slip （rigid） boundary condition. A rigid boundary condition dem- onstrates that the initial thermally-dominated structure is preserved, and its geographical location is fixed during the evolution of mantle flow. Considering the impact of different assumed surface boundary conditions （rigid and plate-like） on the evolution of thermal heterogeneity in the mantle we suggest that the intrinsic buoyancy of seven superplumes is most-likely resolved in the tomographic images of present-day mantle thermal structure. Our convection simulations with a plate-like boundary condition reveal that the evolution of an initial cold anomaly beneath the Java-lndonesian trench system yields a long-term, stable pattern of thermal heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle that resembles the present- day Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces （LLSVPs）, especially below the Pacific. The evolution of sub- duction zones may be, however, influenced by the mantle-wide flow driven by deeply-rooted and long- lived superplumes since Archean times. These convection models also detect the intrinsic buoyancy of the Perm Anomaly that has been identified as a unique slow feature distinct from the two principal L展开更多
We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform model...We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform modeling of seismic data sampling of the mantle.The best-fitting dome-shaped model centers at 60.0°E,50.5°N,and has a height of 400 km and a radius that increases from 200 km at the top to 450 km at the CMB.Its velocity reduction varies from 0%at the top to–3.0%at 240km above the CMB to–3.5%at the CMB.A surrounding 240-km-thick high-velocity D''structure has also been detected.The Perm anomaly may represent a stable smallscale chemical pile in the lowermost mantle,although the hypothesis of a developing mantle plume cannot be ruled out.展开更多
On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 3...On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 300 species ofaphyllophoroid mushrooms have been discovered. 139 species of Phylum Basidiomycota （131 species） and Phylum Ascomycota （eight species） can be used for therapeutic purposes. The most common are mushrooms from families Russulaceae （15 species）, Agaricaceae （11 species）, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae （10 species each）. A considerable part of mushrooms （31 species） has bactericidal properties and 26 species can be used for treating malignant tumors.展开更多
文摘PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control algorithm with two main improvements is presented: one is that it is able to redefine the weight and its predicted value in PERM, and the other is that it is able to unify the calculation of weight when choosing possible branches. The improved PERM is more efficient than the previous version; specifi- cally it can find the known lowest energy states for the four well-known difficult instances and is generally several to hundreds times faster than PERM. It is noteworthy that with the improved PERM we found new lowest energy configura- tions of three of the four difficult problems missed in previ- ous papers.
基金supported by Board of Research for Nuclear Sciences,Mumbai,Department of Atomic Energy,India
文摘The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilmenite. The other heavy minerals sillimanite, zircon, garnet, monazite, and pyriboles are in the order of abundance identified. In this present study, Mozley mineral separator has been used to recover THM from red sediment. Mineral separator results indicate that a product ob- tained contains 72.2% by weight with 94.4% THM and 95% recovery. The ilmenite concentrate recov- ered using dry low-intensity magnetic separator from the THM concentrate can be used in pigment in- dustries after suitable pyrometallurgical/chemical processing methods.
基金provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadathe Canadian Institute for Advanced Research(Earth System Evolution Program)
文摘Although there has been significant progress in the seismic imaging of mantle heterogeneity, the outstanding issue that remains to be resolved is the unknown distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in the distant geological past that give rise to the present-day anomalies inferred by global tomography models. To address this question, we present 3-D convection models in compressible and self-gravitating mantle initialised by different hypothetical temperature patterns. A notable feature of our forward convection modelling is the use of self-consistent coupling of the motion of surface tectonic plates to the underlying mantle flow, without imposing prescribed surface velocities （i.e., p/ate-like boundary condition）. As an approximation for the surface mechanical conditions before plate tectonics began to operate we employ the no-slip （rigid） boundary condition. A rigid boundary condition dem- onstrates that the initial thermally-dominated structure is preserved, and its geographical location is fixed during the evolution of mantle flow. Considering the impact of different assumed surface boundary conditions （rigid and plate-like） on the evolution of thermal heterogeneity in the mantle we suggest that the intrinsic buoyancy of seven superplumes is most-likely resolved in the tomographic images of present-day mantle thermal structure. Our convection simulations with a plate-like boundary condition reveal that the evolution of an initial cold anomaly beneath the Java-lndonesian trench system yields a long-term, stable pattern of thermal heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle that resembles the present- day Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces （LLSVPs）, especially below the Pacific. The evolution of sub- duction zones may be, however, influenced by the mantle-wide flow driven by deeply-rooted and long- lived superplumes since Archean times. These convection models also detect the intrinsic buoyancy of the Perm Anomaly that has been identified as a unique slow feature distinct from the two principal L
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 41474042)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGGCAS)+1 种基金grant IGGCAS-201904the Computer Simulation Lab,IGGCAS and NSF(grants 0911319 and 1214215).
文摘We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform modeling of seismic data sampling of the mantle.The best-fitting dome-shaped model centers at 60.0°E,50.5°N,and has a height of 400 km and a radius that increases from 200 km at the top to 450 km at the CMB.Its velocity reduction varies from 0%at the top to–3.0%at 240km above the CMB to–3.5%at the CMB.A surrounding 240-km-thick high-velocity D''structure has also been detected.The Perm anomaly may represent a stable smallscale chemical pile in the lowermost mantle,although the hypothesis of a developing mantle plume cannot be ruled out.
文摘On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 300 species ofaphyllophoroid mushrooms have been discovered. 139 species of Phylum Basidiomycota （131 species） and Phylum Ascomycota （eight species） can be used for therapeutic purposes. The most common are mushrooms from families Russulaceae （15 species）, Agaricaceae （11 species）, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae （10 species each）. A considerable part of mushrooms （31 species） has bactericidal properties and 26 species can be used for treating malignant tumors.
