In recent years there has been significant developments in photosensitizers(PSs), light sources and light delivery systems that have allowed decreasing the treatment time and skin phototoxicity resulting in more frequ...In recent years there has been significant developments in photosensitizers(PSs), light sources and light delivery systems that have allowed decreasing the treatment time and skin phototoxicity resulting in more frequent use of photodynamic therapy(PDT) in the clinical settings. Compared to standard treatment approaches such as chemo-radiation and surgery, PDT has much reduced morbidity for head and neck malignancies and is becoming an alternative treatment option. It can be used as an adjunct therapy to other treatment modalities without any additive cumulative side effects. Surface illumination can be an option for pre-malignant and early-stage malignancies while interstitial treatment is for debulking of thick tumors in the head and neck region. PDT can achieve equivalent or greater efficacy in treating head and neck malignancies, suggesting that it may be considered as a first line therapy in the future. Despite progressive development, clinical PDT needs improvement in several topics for wider acceptance including standardization of protocols that involve the same administrated light and PS doses and establishing quantitative tools for PDT dosimetry planning and response monitoring. Quantitative measures such as optical parameters, PS concentration, tissueoxygenation and blood flow are essential for accurate PDT dosimetry as well as PDT response monitoring and assessing therapy outcome. Unlike conventional imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging, novel optical imaging techniques can quantify PDT-related parameters without any contrast agent administration and enable real-time assessment during PDT for providing fast feedback to clinicians. Ongoing developments in optical imaging offer the promise of optimization of PDT protocols with improved outcomes.展开更多
Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton ...Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.展开更多
基金Supported by RPCI Startup Grant(P30CA16056)NCI CA55791
文摘In recent years there has been significant developments in photosensitizers(PSs), light sources and light delivery systems that have allowed decreasing the treatment time and skin phototoxicity resulting in more frequent use of photodynamic therapy(PDT) in the clinical settings. Compared to standard treatment approaches such as chemo-radiation and surgery, PDT has much reduced morbidity for head and neck malignancies and is becoming an alternative treatment option. It can be used as an adjunct therapy to other treatment modalities without any additive cumulative side effects. Surface illumination can be an option for pre-malignant and early-stage malignancies while interstitial treatment is for debulking of thick tumors in the head and neck region. PDT can achieve equivalent or greater efficacy in treating head and neck malignancies, suggesting that it may be considered as a first line therapy in the future. Despite progressive development, clinical PDT needs improvement in several topics for wider acceptance including standardization of protocols that involve the same administrated light and PS doses and establishing quantitative tools for PDT dosimetry planning and response monitoring. Quantitative measures such as optical parameters, PS concentration, tissueoxygenation and blood flow are essential for accurate PDT dosimetry as well as PDT response monitoring and assessing therapy outcome. Unlike conventional imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging, novel optical imaging techniques can quantify PDT-related parameters without any contrast agent administration and enable real-time assessment during PDT for providing fast feedback to clinicians. Ongoing developments in optical imaging offer the promise of optimization of PDT protocols with improved outcomes.
基金supported,in part,by a grant-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture.
文摘Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.
