中国南亚热带地区人口稠密,经济发展迅速,环境破坏严重,区域生态系统退化加剧。种植人工林被认为是减少水土流失、实现植被快速恢复的有效措施之一。目前对生态恢复过程中的人工林土壤养分含量、蓄水量、土壤酶活性等已开展了较多研究,...中国南亚热带地区人口稠密,经济发展迅速,环境破坏严重,区域生态系统退化加剧。种植人工林被认为是减少水土流失、实现植被快速恢复的有效措施之一。目前对生态恢复过程中的人工林土壤养分含量、蓄水量、土壤酶活性等已开展了较多研究,但基于实测数据对不同人工林生态系统服务功能进行评估的研究较为少见。以广东鹤山10树种混交林(10 species mixed plantation,10NS)、16树种混交林(16 species mixed plantation,16NS)2种人工混交林,尾叶桉纯林(Eucalypyus urophylla monoculture,EU)、红锥纯林(Castanopsis hystrix monoculture,CM)、厚荚相思纯林(Acacia crassicaipa monoculture,AC)3种人工纯林和自然恢复的灌草坡(Shrub and herb land,SH)为研究对象,对其涵养水源、保育土壤、积累营养物质、固碳释氧、生物多样性保护等主要生态系统服务功能进行了评估,为南亚热带地区人工林合理种植和管理提供科学依据。结果表明,13林龄时,土壤保育能力为10树种混交林最强,红锥纯林最弱,尾叶桉纯林、厚荚相思纯林和灌草坡之间无显著差异;植被固碳释氧能力为10树种混交林、16树种混交林和尾叶桉纯林较高且无显著差异,红锥纯林最弱;涵养水源能力为灌草坡最强,其次为10树种混交林,尾叶桉纯林最差。研究表明,人工林改造或退化生态系统恢复时要注意结合不同人工林的生态系统服务功能进行科学种植:尾叶桉纯林土壤固碳作用和积累营养物质能力较强,宜作为用材林和碳汇林种植;厚荚相思纯林生物量较高且具有固氮作用,但抗风能力较弱,不适宜于沿海或台风多发地带种植;红锥纯林在保肥和水源涵养方面的生态服务功能相对较弱,但经济价值较高,适宜以大径材近自然林经营;10树种混交林的土壤养分含量最高且地表径流最小,林分调节水量和保育土壤功能最强,最适于生态恢复,可用作水土保持林、�展开更多
采用腐殖酸钠、过氧化钙和沸石为原材料,在一定条件下制备复合释氧剂用于黑臭水体的生态修复。研究结果表明,复合释氧剂最佳制备条件为m(CaO_2)∶m(沸石)为1∶1、Na-A质量分数为2%和固化温度为100℃,复合释氧剂可显著延长释氧周期,且释...采用腐殖酸钠、过氧化钙和沸石为原材料,在一定条件下制备复合释氧剂用于黑臭水体的生态修复。研究结果表明,复合释氧剂最佳制备条件为m(CaO_2)∶m(沸石)为1∶1、Na-A质量分数为2%和固化温度为100℃,复合释氧剂可显著延长释氧周期,且释氧过程对水体pH和COD的影响极低;底泥修复实验结果显示,复合释氧剂投加量为560 g/m^2时,上覆水溶解氧和氧化还原电位在第30天时分别维持在1.32 mg/L及42 m V,水中TP和COD去除率可分别达到90.11%和63%,表明复合释氧剂可有效改善水质并抑制底泥磷释放,这对城镇黑臭水体的生态修复治理具有一定的实际意义。展开更多
Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of ...Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation.展开更多
Copper ferrite is a promising material for hydrogen production through thermochemical water splitting. In this work, the cation distribution of copper ferrite and the corresponding oxygen-deficient compound of spinel ...Copper ferrite is a promising material for hydrogen production through thermochemical water splitting. In this work, the cation distribution of copper ferrite and the corresponding oxygen-deficient compound of spinel structure was analyzed based on the crystal structural chemistry theory. The mechanism of oxygen releasing of CuO, Fe2O3, CuFe2O4 and metal (M=Ni, Mn or Zn) doped copper ferrite in the process of temperature rising was investigated by differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG). By combining the theoretical analysis with experimental results, the mechanism of oxygen releasing of copper ferrite is proposed, which is different from that of other ferrites. For copper ferrite, the oxygen releasing caused by Cu(II)→Cu(I) plays a predominant role, while for other ferrites, the oxygen releasing resulting from Fe(III)·Fe(II) is dominant.展开更多
文摘中国南亚热带地区人口稠密,经济发展迅速,环境破坏严重,区域生态系统退化加剧。种植人工林被认为是减少水土流失、实现植被快速恢复的有效措施之一。目前对生态恢复过程中的人工林土壤养分含量、蓄水量、土壤酶活性等已开展了较多研究,但基于实测数据对不同人工林生态系统服务功能进行评估的研究较为少见。以广东鹤山10树种混交林(10 species mixed plantation,10NS)、16树种混交林(16 species mixed plantation,16NS)2种人工混交林,尾叶桉纯林(Eucalypyus urophylla monoculture,EU)、红锥纯林(Castanopsis hystrix monoculture,CM)、厚荚相思纯林(Acacia crassicaipa monoculture,AC)3种人工纯林和自然恢复的灌草坡(Shrub and herb land,SH)为研究对象,对其涵养水源、保育土壤、积累营养物质、固碳释氧、生物多样性保护等主要生态系统服务功能进行了评估,为南亚热带地区人工林合理种植和管理提供科学依据。结果表明,13林龄时,土壤保育能力为10树种混交林最强,红锥纯林最弱,尾叶桉纯林、厚荚相思纯林和灌草坡之间无显著差异;植被固碳释氧能力为10树种混交林、16树种混交林和尾叶桉纯林较高且无显著差异,红锥纯林最弱;涵养水源能力为灌草坡最强,其次为10树种混交林,尾叶桉纯林最差。研究表明,人工林改造或退化生态系统恢复时要注意结合不同人工林的生态系统服务功能进行科学种植:尾叶桉纯林土壤固碳作用和积累营养物质能力较强,宜作为用材林和碳汇林种植;厚荚相思纯林生物量较高且具有固氮作用,但抗风能力较弱,不适宜于沿海或台风多发地带种植;红锥纯林在保肥和水源涵养方面的生态服务功能相对较弱,但经济价值较高,适宜以大径材近自然林经营;10树种混交林的土壤养分含量最高且地表径流最小,林分调节水量和保育土壤功能最强,最适于生态恢复,可用作水土保持林、�
文摘采用腐殖酸钠、过氧化钙和沸石为原材料,在一定条件下制备复合释氧剂用于黑臭水体的生态修复。研究结果表明,复合释氧剂最佳制备条件为m(CaO_2)∶m(沸石)为1∶1、Na-A质量分数为2%和固化温度为100℃,复合释氧剂可显著延长释氧周期,且释氧过程对水体pH和COD的影响极低;底泥修复实验结果显示,复合释氧剂投加量为560 g/m^2时,上覆水溶解氧和氧化还原电位在第30天时分别维持在1.32 mg/L及42 m V,水中TP和COD去除率可分别达到90.11%和63%,表明复合释氧剂可有效改善水质并抑制底泥磷释放,这对城镇黑臭水体的生态修复治理具有一定的实际意义。
文摘Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation.
基金Supported by the National Defense Fundamental Research Fund (Grant No. A1420080145)
文摘Copper ferrite is a promising material for hydrogen production through thermochemical water splitting. In this work, the cation distribution of copper ferrite and the corresponding oxygen-deficient compound of spinel structure was analyzed based on the crystal structural chemistry theory. The mechanism of oxygen releasing of CuO, Fe2O3, CuFe2O4 and metal (M=Ni, Mn or Zn) doped copper ferrite in the process of temperature rising was investigated by differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG). By combining the theoretical analysis with experimental results, the mechanism of oxygen releasing of copper ferrite is proposed, which is different from that of other ferrites. For copper ferrite, the oxygen releasing caused by Cu(II)→Cu(I) plays a predominant role, while for other ferrites, the oxygen releasing resulting from Fe(III)·Fe(II) is dominant.
