Acute pancreatitis(AP) is a common disease,which usually exists in its mild form.However,in a fifth of cases,the disease is severe,with local pancreatic complications or systemic organ dysfunction or both.Because the ...Acute pancreatitis(AP) is a common disease,which usually exists in its mild form.However,in a fifth of cases,the disease is severe,with local pancreatic complications or systemic organ dysfunction or both.Because the development of organ failure is the major cause of death in AP,early identification of patients likely to develop organ failure is important.AP is initiated by intracellular activation of pancreatic proenzymes and autodigestion of the pancreas.Destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma first induces an inflammatory reaction locally,but may lead to overwhelming systemic production of inflammatory mediators and early organ failure.Concomitantly,anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are produced.This anti-inflammatory reaction may overcompensate and inhibit the immune response,rendering the host at risk of systemic infection.At present,there is no specific treatment for AP.Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and development of organ dysfunction may provide us with drugs to ameliorate physiological disturbances.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is important for the management and for improving outcomes.The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)has been considered as an accurate...BACKGROUND:The early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is important for the management and for improving outcomes.The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)has been considered as an accurate method for risk stratification in patients with acute pancreatitis.This study aimed to evaluate the comparative usefulness of the BISAP.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed at our hospital from March 2007to December 2010.BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CT severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.We stratified the number of patiants with severe pancreatitis,pancreatic necrosis,and organ failure as well as the number of deaths by BISAP score.We used the area under the receiveroperating curve(AUC)to compare BISAP with other scoring systems,C-reactive protein(CRP),hematocrit,and body mass index(BMI)with regard to prediction of severe acute pancreatitis,necrosis,organ failure,and death.RESULTS:Of the 303 patiants,31(10.2%)were classified as having severe acute pancreatitis.Organ failure occurred in 23(7.6%)patients,pancreatic necrosis in 40(13.2%),and death in6(2.0%).A BISAP score of 2 was a statistically significant cutoff value for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis,organ failure,and mortality.AUCs for BISAP predicting severe pancreatitis and death were 0.80 and 0.86,respectively,which were similar to those for APACHE-II(0.80,0.87)and Ranson criteria(0.74,0.74)and greater than AUCs for CTSI(0.67,0.42).The AUC for organ failure predicted by BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CTSI was 0.93,0.95,0.84 and 0.57,respectively.AUCs for BISAP predicting severity,organ failure,and death were greater than those for CRP(0.69,0.80,0.72),hematocrit(0.45,0.35,0.14),and BMI(0.41,0.47,0.17).CONCLUSION:The BISAP predicts severity,death,and especially organ failure in acute pancreatitis as well as APACHE-II does and better than Ranson criteria,CTSI,CRP,hematocrit,and BMI.展开更多
While conservative management such as fluid,bowel rest,and antibiotics is the mainstay of current acute pancreatitis management,there is a lot of promise in pharmacologic therapies that target various aspects of the p...While conservative management such as fluid,bowel rest,and antibiotics is the mainstay of current acute pancreatitis management,there is a lot of promise in pharmacologic therapies that target various aspects of the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.Extensive review of preclinical studies,which include assessment of therapies such as anti-secretory agents,protease inhibitors,anti-inflammatory agents,and anti-oxidants are discussed.Many of these studies have shown therapeutic benefit and improved survival in experimental models.Based on available preclinical studies,we discuss potential novel targeted pharmacologic approaches that may offer promise in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.To date a variety of clinical studies have assessed the translational potential of animal model effective experimental therapies and have shown either failure or mixed results in human studies.Despite these discouraging clinical studies,there is a great clinical need and there exist several preclinical effective therapies that await investigation in patients.Better understanding of acute pancreatitis pathophysiology and lessons learnedfrom past clinical studies are likely to offer a great foundation upon which to expand future therapies in acute pancreatitis.展开更多
目的分析比较基于决定因素分类(determinant-based classification, DBC),修订后的亚特兰大分类(Revision of Atlanta classification, RAC)与亚特兰大分类标准(Atlanta classification, AC)的三者对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP...目的分析比较基于决定因素分类(determinant-based classification, DBC),修订后的亚特兰大分类(Revision of Atlanta classification, RAC)与亚特兰大分类标准(Atlanta classification, AC)的三者对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)严重程度的分层效能以及不同严重程度与临床预后之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院急诊外科收治的458例急性胰腺炎患者病历资料。分别使用DBC、RAC与AC三种分类标准对其进行重新分类,分析比较三种标准的分层效能。通过ROC曲线比较三种分类标准预测临床结局准确度。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AP死亡的独立危险因素。结果(1)三种分类标准中,各亚型间的死亡率、侵入性治疗率、ICU监护率、ICU监护时间以及平均住院时间差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.001)。(2) DBC、RAC与AC在对死亡(AUC 0.94和0.95 vs 0.63, P < 0.01)、ICU监护(AUC 0.90和0.88 vs 0.60, P < 0.001)的预测比较上,DBC与RAC准确度相当,但均优于AC;对侵入性操作(AUC 0.88 vs 0.69和0.68, P < 0.001)的预测上,DBC的准确度则更优于RAC与AC。(3)持续性器官功能衰竭(OR = 13.131, P = 0.003)与感染性坏死(OR = 9.424, P = 0.014)为AP死亡的独立危险因素。结论 DBC与RAC对AP的严重程度的分层能力显著优于AC。DBC对临床结局的预测准确度优于RAC与AC。感染性坏死与持续性器官功能衰竭均是AP死亡的独立危险因素。展开更多
BACKGROUND: Recent international multidisciplinary consultation proposed the use of local (sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis) and/or systemic determinants (organ failure) in the stratification of acute pancreati...BACKGROUND: Recent international multidisciplinary consultation proposed the use of local (sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis) and/or systemic determinants (organ failure) in the stratification of acute pancreatitis. The present study was to validate the moderate severity category by international multidisciplinary consultation definitions. METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis (according to the 1992 Atlanta classification) were classified into (i) moderate acute pancreatitis group with the presence of sterile (peri-) pancreatic necrosis and/or transient organ failure; and (ii) severe/critical acute pancreatitis group with the presence of sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis and/ or persistent organ failure. Demographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with the severe/critical group (n=59), the moderate group (n=33) had lower clinical and computerized tomographic scores (both P<0.05). They also had a lower incidence of pancreatic necrosis (45.5% vs 71.2%, P=0.015), infection (9.1% vs 37.3%, P=0.004), ICU admission (0% vs 27.1%, P=0.001), and shorter hospital stay (15 +/- 5 vs 27 +/- 12 days; P<0.001). A subgroup analysis showed that the moderate group also had significantly lower ICU admission rates, shorter hospital stay and lower rate of infection compared with the severe group (n=51). No patients died in the moderate group but 7 patients died in the severe/critical group (4 for severe group). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the definition of moderate acute pancreatitis, as suggested by the international multidisciplinary consultation as sterile (pen-) pancreatic necrosis and/or transient organ failure, is an accurate category of acute pancreatitis.展开更多
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP) is a common disease,which usually exists in its mild form.However,in a fifth of cases,the disease is severe,with local pancreatic complications or systemic organ dysfunction or both.Because the development of organ failure is the major cause of death in AP,early identification of patients likely to develop organ failure is important.AP is initiated by intracellular activation of pancreatic proenzymes and autodigestion of the pancreas.Destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma first induces an inflammatory reaction locally,but may lead to overwhelming systemic production of inflammatory mediators and early organ failure.Concomitantly,anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are produced.This anti-inflammatory reaction may overcompensate and inhibit the immune response,rendering the host at risk of systemic infection.At present,there is no specific treatment for AP.Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and development of organ dysfunction may provide us with drugs to ameliorate physiological disturbances.
基金supported by a grant from the 2007 InjeUniversity(0001200743900)
文摘BACKGROUND:The early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is important for the management and for improving outcomes.The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)has been considered as an accurate method for risk stratification in patients with acute pancreatitis.This study aimed to evaluate the comparative usefulness of the BISAP.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed at our hospital from March 2007to December 2010.BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CT severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.We stratified the number of patiants with severe pancreatitis,pancreatic necrosis,and organ failure as well as the number of deaths by BISAP score.We used the area under the receiveroperating curve(AUC)to compare BISAP with other scoring systems,C-reactive protein(CRP),hematocrit,and body mass index(BMI)with regard to prediction of severe acute pancreatitis,necrosis,organ failure,and death.RESULTS:Of the 303 patiants,31(10.2%)were classified as having severe acute pancreatitis.Organ failure occurred in 23(7.6%)patients,pancreatic necrosis in 40(13.2%),and death in6(2.0%).A BISAP score of 2 was a statistically significant cutoff value for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis,organ failure,and mortality.AUCs for BISAP predicting severe pancreatitis and death were 0.80 and 0.86,respectively,which were similar to those for APACHE-II(0.80,0.87)and Ranson criteria(0.74,0.74)and greater than AUCs for CTSI(0.67,0.42).The AUC for organ failure predicted by BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CTSI was 0.93,0.95,0.84 and 0.57,respectively.AUCs for BISAP predicting severity,organ failure,and death were greater than those for CRP(0.69,0.80,0.72),hematocrit(0.45,0.35,0.14),and BMI(0.41,0.47,0.17).CONCLUSION:The BISAP predicts severity,death,and especially organ failure in acute pancreatitis as well as APACHE-II does and better than Ranson criteria,CTSI,CRP,hematocrit,and BMI.
基金Supported by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant(to Habtezion A)National Institutes of Health Grant DK092421(to Habtezion A)American College of Gastroenterology(to Park W)
文摘While conservative management such as fluid,bowel rest,and antibiotics is the mainstay of current acute pancreatitis management,there is a lot of promise in pharmacologic therapies that target various aspects of the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.Extensive review of preclinical studies,which include assessment of therapies such as anti-secretory agents,protease inhibitors,anti-inflammatory agents,and anti-oxidants are discussed.Many of these studies have shown therapeutic benefit and improved survival in experimental models.Based on available preclinical studies,we discuss potential novel targeted pharmacologic approaches that may offer promise in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.To date a variety of clinical studies have assessed the translational potential of animal model effective experimental therapies and have shown either failure or mixed results in human studies.Despite these discouraging clinical studies,there is a great clinical need and there exist several preclinical effective therapies that await investigation in patients.Better understanding of acute pancreatitis pathophysiology and lessons learnedfrom past clinical studies are likely to offer a great foundation upon which to expand future therapies in acute pancreatitis.
文摘目的分析比较基于决定因素分类(determinant-based classification, DBC),修订后的亚特兰大分类(Revision of Atlanta classification, RAC)与亚特兰大分类标准(Atlanta classification, AC)的三者对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)严重程度的分层效能以及不同严重程度与临床预后之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院急诊外科收治的458例急性胰腺炎患者病历资料。分别使用DBC、RAC与AC三种分类标准对其进行重新分类,分析比较三种标准的分层效能。通过ROC曲线比较三种分类标准预测临床结局准确度。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AP死亡的独立危险因素。结果(1)三种分类标准中,各亚型间的死亡率、侵入性治疗率、ICU监护率、ICU监护时间以及平均住院时间差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.001)。(2) DBC、RAC与AC在对死亡(AUC 0.94和0.95 vs 0.63, P < 0.01)、ICU监护(AUC 0.90和0.88 vs 0.60, P < 0.001)的预测比较上,DBC与RAC准确度相当,但均优于AC;对侵入性操作(AUC 0.88 vs 0.69和0.68, P < 0.001)的预测上,DBC的准确度则更优于RAC与AC。(3)持续性器官功能衰竭(OR = 13.131, P = 0.003)与感染性坏死(OR = 9.424, P = 0.014)为AP死亡的独立危险因素。结论 DBC与RAC对AP的严重程度的分层能力显著优于AC。DBC对临床结局的预测准确度优于RAC与AC。感染性坏死与持续性器官功能衰竭均是AP死亡的独立危险因素。
基金supported by grants from Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan(2009SZ0201,2010SZ0068 and 2011SZ0291)National Institute for Health Research,UK
文摘BACKGROUND: Recent international multidisciplinary consultation proposed the use of local (sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis) and/or systemic determinants (organ failure) in the stratification of acute pancreatitis. The present study was to validate the moderate severity category by international multidisciplinary consultation definitions. METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis (according to the 1992 Atlanta classification) were classified into (i) moderate acute pancreatitis group with the presence of sterile (peri-) pancreatic necrosis and/or transient organ failure; and (ii) severe/critical acute pancreatitis group with the presence of sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis and/ or persistent organ failure. Demographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with the severe/critical group (n=59), the moderate group (n=33) had lower clinical and computerized tomographic scores (both P<0.05). They also had a lower incidence of pancreatic necrosis (45.5% vs 71.2%, P=0.015), infection (9.1% vs 37.3%, P=0.004), ICU admission (0% vs 27.1%, P=0.001), and shorter hospital stay (15 +/- 5 vs 27 +/- 12 days; P<0.001). A subgroup analysis showed that the moderate group also had significantly lower ICU admission rates, shorter hospital stay and lower rate of infection compared with the severe group (n=51). No patients died in the moderate group but 7 patients died in the severe/critical group (4 for severe group). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the definition of moderate acute pancreatitis, as suggested by the international multidisciplinary consultation as sterile (pen-) pancreatic necrosis and/or transient organ failure, is an accurate category of acute pancreatitis.
