Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the gre...Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis are species of economic and ecological importance along the southern coast of China. We evaluated the effects of seawater acidification on clearance, respiration, and excretion rates in these three species. The animals were reared in seawater at pH 8.1 (control), 7.7, or 7.4. The clearance rate was highest at pH 7.7 for P. fucata and at pH 8.1 for C. nobilis and P. viridis. The pH had little effecton the respiration rate of P. fucata and P. viridis. In contrast, the respiration rate was significantly lower atpH 7.4 in C. nobilis. The excretion rate was significantly lower at pH 7.4 than pH 8.1 for all species. Theresults indicate that the reduction in seawater pH likely affected the metabolic process (food intake, oxygenconsumption, and ammonia excretion) of these bivalves. Different species respond differently to seawateracidification. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the exact mechanisms for this effect and evaluateadaptability of these bivalves to future acidified oceans.展开更多
海洋酸化(Ocean acidification)为目前备受人们关注的全球性问题。因此为了能够客观地揭示海洋酸化的研究态势,研究采用文献计量分析(Bibliometric analysis)的方法,以海洋酸化概念提出后(2004年以后)ISI Web of Science期刊引文数据库...海洋酸化(Ocean acidification)为目前备受人们关注的全球性问题。因此为了能够客观地揭示海洋酸化的研究态势,研究采用文献计量分析(Bibliometric analysis)的方法,以海洋酸化概念提出后(2004年以后)ISI Web of Science期刊引文数据库中涉及到海洋酸化研究的所有文献为样本,对文献的增长趋势及期刊分布进行描述统计,并基于关键词的知识图谱及突变分析的方法探究海洋酸化的热点关注方向随时间的变动及研究前沿。描述统计表明:海洋酸化概念提出的这十多年来,涉及海洋酸化的研究文献数量呈现激增的态势,研究学科交叉明显,海洋酸化对珊瑚礁的影响是这十年来的重点研究领域。从基于关键词的知识图谱可以看到,在海洋酸化研究初期(2004—2009年),研究内容主要分为两个部分,一是海洋酸化对海洋生物(尤其是珊瑚礁生物及浮游植物)及生态系统的影响;二是对海洋酸化现象的认识;中期(2010—2015年),研究内容与初期相似,研究重点往海洋生物上倾斜,同时有新的热点研究区域和研究方向的出现;近期(2016年以后),海洋酸化对海洋生物影响的研究依旧占据着主流研究方向。对基于突变分析得到的当前(2018年2月)海洋酸化研究的热点关注的文献分析发现,当前海洋酸化的研究存在以下5个前沿方向:(1)在探究海洋酸化与生物的关系之时需结合多因子讨论;(2)探索生物在海洋酸化下的内在应对机制;(3)海洋酸化影响下的生物响应的综合评估及预测;(4)探索海洋酸化对海洋生态系统的影响;(5)对海洋酸化概念的挑战——海洋酸化形成原因的探索。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41006090)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-03)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2006AA10A409)
文摘Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis are species of economic and ecological importance along the southern coast of China. We evaluated the effects of seawater acidification on clearance, respiration, and excretion rates in these three species. The animals were reared in seawater at pH 8.1 (control), 7.7, or 7.4. The clearance rate was highest at pH 7.7 for P. fucata and at pH 8.1 for C. nobilis and P. viridis. The pH had little effecton the respiration rate of P. fucata and P. viridis. In contrast, the respiration rate was significantly lower atpH 7.4 in C. nobilis. The excretion rate was significantly lower at pH 7.4 than pH 8.1 for all species. Theresults indicate that the reduction in seawater pH likely affected the metabolic process (food intake, oxygenconsumption, and ammonia excretion) of these bivalves. Different species respond differently to seawateracidification. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the exact mechanisms for this effect and evaluateadaptability of these bivalves to future acidified oceans.
文摘海洋酸化(Ocean acidification)为目前备受人们关注的全球性问题。因此为了能够客观地揭示海洋酸化的研究态势,研究采用文献计量分析(Bibliometric analysis)的方法,以海洋酸化概念提出后(2004年以后)ISI Web of Science期刊引文数据库中涉及到海洋酸化研究的所有文献为样本,对文献的增长趋势及期刊分布进行描述统计,并基于关键词的知识图谱及突变分析的方法探究海洋酸化的热点关注方向随时间的变动及研究前沿。描述统计表明:海洋酸化概念提出的这十多年来,涉及海洋酸化的研究文献数量呈现激增的态势,研究学科交叉明显,海洋酸化对珊瑚礁的影响是这十年来的重点研究领域。从基于关键词的知识图谱可以看到,在海洋酸化研究初期(2004—2009年),研究内容主要分为两个部分,一是海洋酸化对海洋生物(尤其是珊瑚礁生物及浮游植物)及生态系统的影响;二是对海洋酸化现象的认识;中期(2010—2015年),研究内容与初期相似,研究重点往海洋生物上倾斜,同时有新的热点研究区域和研究方向的出现;近期(2016年以后),海洋酸化对海洋生物影响的研究依旧占据着主流研究方向。对基于突变分析得到的当前(2018年2月)海洋酸化研究的热点关注的文献分析发现,当前海洋酸化的研究存在以下5个前沿方向:(1)在探究海洋酸化与生物的关系之时需结合多因子讨论;(2)探索生物在海洋酸化下的内在应对机制;(3)海洋酸化影响下的生物响应的综合评估及预测;(4)探索海洋酸化对海洋生态系统的影响;(5)对海洋酸化概念的挑战——海洋酸化形成原因的探索。
