This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number,ℛ0,for infectious diseases,and other reproduction numbers related toℛ0 that are useful in guiding control strategies.Beginning with a simple population mode...This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number,ℛ0,for infectious diseases,and other reproduction numbers related toℛ0 that are useful in guiding control strategies.Beginning with a simple population model,the concept is developed for a threshold value ofℛ0 determining whether or not the disease dies out.The next generation matrix method of calculatingℛ0 in a compartmental model is described and illustrated.To address control strategies,type and target reproduction numbers are defined,as well as sensitivity and elasticity indices.These theoretical ideas are then applied to models that are formulated for West Nile virus in birds(a vector-borne disease),cholera in humans(a disease with two transmission pathways),anthrax in animals(a disease that can be spread by dead carcasses and spores),and Zika in humans(spread by mosquitoes and sexual contacts).Some parameter values from literature data are used to illustrate the results.Finally,references for other ways to calculateℛ0 are given.These are useful for more complicated models that,for example,take account of variations in environmental fluctuation or stochasticity.展开更多
为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草...为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草地贪夜蛾的文献数量随着时间的推移呈现整体上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来出现井喷式增长。学术期刊论文占总发文量的89.2%,Journal of Economic Entomology和《植物保护》分别是发文量最多的外文和中文期刊。在外文发文量方面,美国、巴西和墨西哥等国家的研究机构和学者名列前茅;在中文发文量方面,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所、全国农业技术推广服务中心和北京农学院位列前三。草地贪夜蛾的研究热点与其可持续防控高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和IPM方面的研究。展开更多
基金The research of PvdD is partially funded by an NSERC Discovery grant.Thanks to CM Saad-Roy for discussions on this article.
文摘This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number,ℛ0,for infectious diseases,and other reproduction numbers related toℛ0 that are useful in guiding control strategies.Beginning with a simple population model,the concept is developed for a threshold value ofℛ0 determining whether or not the disease dies out.The next generation matrix method of calculatingℛ0 in a compartmental model is described and illustrated.To address control strategies,type and target reproduction numbers are defined,as well as sensitivity and elasticity indices.These theoretical ideas are then applied to models that are formulated for West Nile virus in birds(a vector-borne disease),cholera in humans(a disease with two transmission pathways),anthrax in animals(a disease that can be spread by dead carcasses and spores),and Zika in humans(spread by mosquitoes and sexual contacts).Some parameter values from literature data are used to illustrate the results.Finally,references for other ways to calculateℛ0 are given.These are useful for more complicated models that,for example,take account of variations in environmental fluctuation or stochasticity.
文摘为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草地贪夜蛾的文献数量随着时间的推移呈现整体上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来出现井喷式增长。学术期刊论文占总发文量的89.2%,Journal of Economic Entomology和《植物保护》分别是发文量最多的外文和中文期刊。在外文发文量方面,美国、巴西和墨西哥等国家的研究机构和学者名列前茅;在中文发文量方面,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所、全国农业技术推广服务中心和北京农学院位列前三。草地贪夜蛾的研究热点与其可持续防控高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和IPM方面的研究。
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61533017,61273140,61304079,61374105,61379099,61233001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-15-056A3)the Open Research Project from SKLMCCS(20150104)
