Antiretroviral therapy is a key determinant in the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Initial treatment for patients with HIV infection generally includes two nucleoside reverse ...Antiretroviral therapy is a key determinant in the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Initial treatment for patients with HIV infection generally includes two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and a protease inhibitor (PI) or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). The combination antiretroviral therapy (refers to highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART) showed a significant effect upon reducing morbidity and mortality of HIV disease. Cao and colleagues^1 began the clinical application of HAART in 1999 and completed the first clinical trial in China using a combination of two NRTIs and one PI. The result in using combivir (AZT+3TC) and indinavir (2 NRTIs+1 PI) are consistent with those reported in the literature.~2 In this study, we report the first virological and immunological outcomes in HIV infected Chinese patients treated with a combination of didanosine, stavudine and nevirapine (2 NRTIs+1 NNRTI) for 52 weeks.展开更多
Background CD4^＋T cell counts have been used as the indicator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） disease progression and thereby to determine when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）...Background CD4^＋T cell counts have been used as the indicator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） disease progression and thereby to determine when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Whether and how the baseline CD4^＋T cell count affects the immunological and viral responses or adverse reactions to nevirapine （NVP）-containing HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected adults remain to be characterized. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight HIV-seropositive antiretroviral therapy （ART）-naive subjects were enrolled into a prospective study from 2005 to 2007. Data were analyzed by groups based on baseline CD4^＋T cell counts either between 100-200 cells/μl or 201-350 cells/μl. Viral responses, immunologic responses and adverse events were monitored at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 52, 68, 84, 100. Results Eighty-six and 112 subjects ranged their CD4^＋T cell counts 100-200 cells/μl and 201-350 cells/μl, respectively. The pre-HAART viral load in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group was significantly lower than that in CD4 100-200 cells/μl group （P=0.000）. After treatment, no significant differences were observed between these two groups either in the plasma viral load （pVL） or in the viral response rate calculated as the percentage of pVL less than 50 copies/ml or less than 400 copies/ml. The CD4^＋T cell counts were statistically higher in the 201-350 group during the entire follow-ups （P 〈0.01） though CD4^＋ T cell count increases were similar in these two groups. After 100-week treatment, the median of CD4^＋ T cell counts were increased to 331 cells/μl for CD4 100-200 cells/μl group and to 462 cells/μl for CD4 201-350 cells/μl group. Only a slightly higher incidence of nausea was observed in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group （P=0.05） among all adverse reactions, including rash and liver function abnormality. Conclusions The pVLs and viral response rates are unlikely to be associated with the baseline CD4^＋T cell counts. Initiating HAART in Chinese H展开更多
目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSi...目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSinfo、CRD(center of review and dissemination)、CBMdisc,VIP和CNKI等数据库,以及全球或地区性AIDS相关的会议论文集、政府或非政府组织的相关文件等,检索日期截至2007年4月30日,全面收集全球抗艾滋病病毒药物预防HIV母婴传播的随机对照试验。由两名评价员独立筛查文献、评价质量和提取资料,然后交叉核对,若遇分歧则征求第三方意见讨论解决。使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个RCT,包括24篇全文和13篇摘要,其方法学质量的Jadad评分≥3分。Meta分析显示:①ZDV与安慰剂比较共纳入4个RCTs(2385例),无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂组,降低HIV母婴传播风险43%～50%,且两组死产率、婴儿死亡率、母亲死亡率、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率和母亲产前、产时和产后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②1个大样本RCT(1437例)比较了ZDV不同疗程的效果,结果显示ZDV“长–长疗程”(从孕28周开始到产后6周)比“短–短疗程”(从孕35周开始到分娩后3天)降低HIV母婴传播风险61%[RR=0.39,95%CI(0.19,0.82)]。长–长疗程与长–短疗程(从孕28周开始到产后3天)及短-长疗程(从孕35周开始到产后6周)比较,其预防HIV母婴传播的效果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组死产、新生儿死亡、1年内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。③1个大样本RCT(1200例)显示:人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,可降低婴儿HIV感染风险的35%～39%,但提高了婴儿7个月时�展开更多
文摘Antiretroviral therapy is a key determinant in the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Initial treatment for patients with HIV infection generally includes two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and a protease inhibitor (PI) or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). The combination antiretroviral therapy (refers to highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART) showed a significant effect upon reducing morbidity and mortality of HIV disease. Cao and colleagues^1 began the clinical application of HAART in 1999 and completed the first clinical trial in China using a combination of two NRTIs and one PI. The result in using combivir (AZT+3TC) and indinavir (2 NRTIs+1 PI) are consistent with those reported in the literature.~2 In this study, we report the first virological and immunological outcomes in HIV infected Chinese patients treated with a combination of didanosine, stavudine and nevirapine (2 NRTIs+1 NNRTI) for 52 weeks.
文摘Background CD4^＋T cell counts have been used as the indicator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） disease progression and thereby to determine when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Whether and how the baseline CD4^＋T cell count affects the immunological and viral responses or adverse reactions to nevirapine （NVP）-containing HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected adults remain to be characterized. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight HIV-seropositive antiretroviral therapy （ART）-naive subjects were enrolled into a prospective study from 2005 to 2007. Data were analyzed by groups based on baseline CD4^＋T cell counts either between 100-200 cells/μl or 201-350 cells/μl. Viral responses, immunologic responses and adverse events were monitored at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 52, 68, 84, 100. Results Eighty-six and 112 subjects ranged their CD4^＋T cell counts 100-200 cells/μl and 201-350 cells/μl, respectively. The pre-HAART viral load in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group was significantly lower than that in CD4 100-200 cells/μl group （P=0.000）. After treatment, no significant differences were observed between these two groups either in the plasma viral load （pVL） or in the viral response rate calculated as the percentage of pVL less than 50 copies/ml or less than 400 copies/ml. The CD4^＋T cell counts were statistically higher in the 201-350 group during the entire follow-ups （P 〈0.01） though CD4^＋ T cell count increases were similar in these two groups. After 100-week treatment, the median of CD4^＋ T cell counts were increased to 331 cells/μl for CD4 100-200 cells/μl group and to 462 cells/μl for CD4 201-350 cells/μl group. Only a slightly higher incidence of nausea was observed in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group （P=0.05） among all adverse reactions, including rash and liver function abnormality. Conclusions The pVLs and viral response rates are unlikely to be associated with the baseline CD4^＋T cell counts. Initiating HAART in Chinese H
文摘目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSinfo、CRD(center of review and dissemination)、CBMdisc,VIP和CNKI等数据库,以及全球或地区性AIDS相关的会议论文集、政府或非政府组织的相关文件等,检索日期截至2007年4月30日,全面收集全球抗艾滋病病毒药物预防HIV母婴传播的随机对照试验。由两名评价员独立筛查文献、评价质量和提取资料,然后交叉核对,若遇分歧则征求第三方意见讨论解决。使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个RCT,包括24篇全文和13篇摘要,其方法学质量的Jadad评分≥3分。Meta分析显示:①ZDV与安慰剂比较共纳入4个RCTs(2385例),无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂组,降低HIV母婴传播风险43%～50%,且两组死产率、婴儿死亡率、母亲死亡率、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率和母亲产前、产时和产后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②1个大样本RCT(1437例)比较了ZDV不同疗程的效果,结果显示ZDV“长–长疗程”(从孕28周开始到产后6周)比“短–短疗程”(从孕35周开始到分娩后3天)降低HIV母婴传播风险61%[RR=0.39,95%CI(0.19,0.82)]。长–长疗程与长–短疗程(从孕28周开始到产后3天)及短-长疗程(从孕35周开始到产后6周)比较,其预防HIV母婴传播的效果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组死产、新生儿死亡、1年内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。③1个大样本RCT(1200例)显示:人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,可降低婴儿HIV感染风险的35%～39%,但提高了婴儿7个月时�
