The present study was performed to clarify the influence of having a firm purpose in life (PIL) on psychological and physical stresses. Participants were 59 subjects (19 males and 40 fe- males) with a mean age of 30.9...The present study was performed to clarify the influence of having a firm purpose in life (PIL) on psychological and physical stresses. Participants were 59 subjects (19 males and 40 fe- males) with a mean age of 30.9 years (standard deviation, 12.1;range, 18 - 68 years). We used a mental arithmetic (MA) test as a goaloriented stressor;the test was supposed to be finished before a time limit expired without using pencil and paper. We used a PIL test to assess the intensity of personal meaning in one’s life, an interest in mental arithmetic test (IMAT) to assess the intensity of interest in the MA test, and an anxiety inventory (AI) to assess the anxiety level of before and during the MA test. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and nose tip temperature (NTT) were recorded before and after MA. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of independent variables of age, sex, PIL test score, AI score, HR, SBP, DBP, and NTT before the MA test. Multivariate-adjusted models showed that PIL test scores prior to the MA test significantly predicted the observed changes in AI score and HR. Other variables were not significant predictors. In conclusion, we found that a firm PIL decreased anxiety under psychological stress as measured with the MA test, even with objective evaluation by others. Having a firm PIL also lowered the response of the sympathetic nervous system to psych0logical stress.展开更多
Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Gl...Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC.Rats were divided into six groups.The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline,and the standard group received imipramine,while the remaining groups received 100,300,and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract.All groups received treatments for 14 d.Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)were then administered i.p.(0.83 mg/kg)to all groups except the normal control group.After 24 h,anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis(open field,tail suspension,forced swim,sucrose preference test),and determining total oxidant status,total antioxidant capacity,catalase,and biochemical parameters[malondialdehyde,glutathione,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-6].Results:Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid,quercetin,chlorogenic,and caffeic acid.Total oxidant status was significantly decreased,while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups.Moreover,Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde,IL-6,and TNF-alpha levels,while increasing superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione activities.Conclusions:Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.展开更多
Objective:To determine the depressant-like effects and the possible mechanism of action of tilianin isolated from active methanol extract of Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana).Also,to establish the pharmacophoric requirem...Objective:To determine the depressant-like effects and the possible mechanism of action of tilianin isolated from active methanol extract of Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana).Also,to establish the pharmacophoric requirements of tilianin,as a possible ligand of GABA_A/BZD receptor,by the alignment of diazepam.CGS-9896 and diindole,using a previously described pharmacophoric model.Methods:Tilianin(30 to 300 mg/kg.ip.and 300 mg/kg,pa.) and methanol crude extract(10 to 300 mg/kg,ip.and 300 mg/kg po.) from A.mexicana were evaluated for potential sedative and anxiolytic-like response drugs by using open-field,hole-board,cylinder of exploration,plus-maze and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis mice methods.Results:Methanol extract and tilianin showed anxiolytic-like activity from a dosage of 30 mg/kg,ip.or 300 mg/kg,po.and were less potent than diazepam 0.1 mg/kg.a reference anxiolytic drug used.Moreover,depressant activity of both potentiates sodium pentobarbital(SP)-induced sleeping time.The anxiolytic-like effect of 30 mg/kg ip.observed for the extract and tilianin,by using the plus-maze model,was partially prevented in the presence of flumazenil(a GABA_A/BZD antagonist,5 mg/kg ip.) but not in the presence of WAY100635(a selective 5-HT_(1A) receptor antagonist,0.32 mg/kg.ip.).Pharmacophoric modeling alignments of three agonist of GABA_A/BZD allow identify seven chemical features.Tilianin contains six of the seven features previously determined.Conclusions:Results indicate that tilianin is one of the bioactive metabolites in the anxiolytic-like activity of 4.mexicana.reinforcing its central nervous system uses,where GABA_A/BZD,but not 5-HT_(1A),receptors are partially involved.展开更多
The psychological stress of most perioperative patients has been reduced by many interventions. In order to evaluate the effects of these interventions, biomarkers are being considered as objective assessment tools in...The psychological stress of most perioperative patients has been reduced by many interventions. In order to evaluate the effects of these interventions, biomarkers are being considered as objective assessment tools in addition to the subjective assessment tools. It has been thought that salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity is associated with sympathetic nervous system activity, which reflects psychological stress. We examined the relationship between sAA, self-reported data, and autonomic nervous system activity to assess the reliability of sAA as a marker for relaxing response in surgery-related stress. The sAA, the State anxiety, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, and heart rate variability were used to assess prior to and after the relaxation on the day before surgery, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3, and 7. A total of 75 patients participated and 301 relaxing response readings were obtained. We found that the sAA significantly decreased depending upon the pain and anxiety by relaxation, but they were unrelated to sympathetic nervous system activity. There was weak correlation between the change in sAA, and anxiety and VAS pain. Thus, sAA appears to be an easy-to-use, non-invasive and good marker for relaxing response within a short period in surgery-related stress patients.展开更多
Mammography is obviously useful for the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. However, it usually involves anxieties and pains. This paper aimed to explore effects of the communication robot on di...Mammography is obviously useful for the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. However, it usually involves anxieties and pains. This paper aimed to explore effects of the communication robot on distress reduction in mammography. Nineteen healthy women participated in the examination. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 9) or a control group (n = 10). The participants in the experimental group talked and played with a communication robot before mammography. PALRO (FUJISOFT Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used as the communication robot, which was a chatty, comforting robot. PALRO can communicate with the human and has several specific applications such as dancing, singing and talking about knowledge of various things. Autonomic nervous activities were observed before and during mammography. Degrees of subjective pain associated with mammography were also assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). As a result, autonomic nervous activities between the experimental group and the control group were not significantly different. Unfortunately, the communication robot did not help to intensify parasympathetic nerve activities, which became dominant at rest or a relaxed state. On the other hand, the VAS scores for pain in the experimental group were significantly smaller than ones in the control group (p < 0.01). This result suggested that the communication robot was useful for relieving degrees of subjective pain associated with mammography. In conclusion, communication with a robot before mammography would yield positive emotions and it would be related to the pain alleviation during mammography.展开更多
文摘The present study was performed to clarify the influence of having a firm purpose in life (PIL) on psychological and physical stresses. Participants were 59 subjects (19 males and 40 fe- males) with a mean age of 30.9 years (standard deviation, 12.1;range, 18 - 68 years). We used a mental arithmetic (MA) test as a goaloriented stressor;the test was supposed to be finished before a time limit expired without using pencil and paper. We used a PIL test to assess the intensity of personal meaning in one’s life, an interest in mental arithmetic test (IMAT) to assess the intensity of interest in the MA test, and an anxiety inventory (AI) to assess the anxiety level of before and during the MA test. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and nose tip temperature (NTT) were recorded before and after MA. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of independent variables of age, sex, PIL test score, AI score, HR, SBP, DBP, and NTT before the MA test. Multivariate-adjusted models showed that PIL test scores prior to the MA test significantly predicted the observed changes in AI score and HR. Other variables were not significant predictors. In conclusion, we found that a firm PIL decreased anxiety under psychological stress as measured with the MA test, even with objective evaluation by others. Having a firm PIL also lowered the response of the sympathetic nervous system to psych0logical stress.
文摘Objective:To explore the protective role of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract in a depression model through modulating oxidant/antioxidant enzyme system and inflammatory status.Methods:Phytochemical constituents of Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively along with HPLC.Rats were divided into six groups.The normal control and the intoxicated groups received normal saline,and the standard group received imipramine,while the remaining groups received 100,300,and 500 mg/kg Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract.All groups received treatments for 14 d.Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)were then administered i.p.(0.83 mg/kg)to all groups except the normal control group.After 24 h,anxiety and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by performing behavioral analysis(open field,tail suspension,forced swim,sucrose preference test),and determining total oxidant status,total antioxidant capacity,catalase,and biochemical parameters[malondialdehyde,glutathione,superoxide dismutase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-6].Results:Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of phenols and flavonoids and HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid,quercetin,chlorogenic,and caffeic acid.Total oxidant status was significantly decreased,while total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract treated groups.Moreover,Glinus lotoides ethanolic extract diminished malondialdehyde,IL-6,and TNF-alpha levels,while increasing superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione activities.Conclusions:Glinus lotoides ethanolic crude extract shows significant antidepressant activity by modulating oxidative and biochemical parameters that supports its folkloric use in traditional systems of medicine.
基金partially supported by CONACYT 80811.NC123280 grantFaculty of Pharmacy Budgets(FECES 2011 and 2012)
文摘Objective:To determine the depressant-like effects and the possible mechanism of action of tilianin isolated from active methanol extract of Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana).Also,to establish the pharmacophoric requirements of tilianin,as a possible ligand of GABA_A/BZD receptor,by the alignment of diazepam.CGS-9896 and diindole,using a previously described pharmacophoric model.Methods:Tilianin(30 to 300 mg/kg.ip.and 300 mg/kg,pa.) and methanol crude extract(10 to 300 mg/kg,ip.and 300 mg/kg po.) from A.mexicana were evaluated for potential sedative and anxiolytic-like response drugs by using open-field,hole-board,cylinder of exploration,plus-maze and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis mice methods.Results:Methanol extract and tilianin showed anxiolytic-like activity from a dosage of 30 mg/kg,ip.or 300 mg/kg,po.and were less potent than diazepam 0.1 mg/kg.a reference anxiolytic drug used.Moreover,depressant activity of both potentiates sodium pentobarbital(SP)-induced sleeping time.The anxiolytic-like effect of 30 mg/kg ip.observed for the extract and tilianin,by using the plus-maze model,was partially prevented in the presence of flumazenil(a GABA_A/BZD antagonist,5 mg/kg ip.) but not in the presence of WAY100635(a selective 5-HT_(1A) receptor antagonist,0.32 mg/kg.ip.).Pharmacophoric modeling alignments of three agonist of GABA_A/BZD allow identify seven chemical features.Tilianin contains six of the seven features previously determined.Conclusions:Results indicate that tilianin is one of the bioactive metabolites in the anxiolytic-like activity of 4.mexicana.reinforcing its central nervous system uses,where GABA_A/BZD,but not 5-HT_(1A),receptors are partially involved.
文摘The psychological stress of most perioperative patients has been reduced by many interventions. In order to evaluate the effects of these interventions, biomarkers are being considered as objective assessment tools in addition to the subjective assessment tools. It has been thought that salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity is associated with sympathetic nervous system activity, which reflects psychological stress. We examined the relationship between sAA, self-reported data, and autonomic nervous system activity to assess the reliability of sAA as a marker for relaxing response in surgery-related stress. The sAA, the State anxiety, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, and heart rate variability were used to assess prior to and after the relaxation on the day before surgery, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3, and 7. A total of 75 patients participated and 301 relaxing response readings were obtained. We found that the sAA significantly decreased depending upon the pain and anxiety by relaxation, but they were unrelated to sympathetic nervous system activity. There was weak correlation between the change in sAA, and anxiety and VAS pain. Thus, sAA appears to be an easy-to-use, non-invasive and good marker for relaxing response within a short period in surgery-related stress patients.
文摘Mammography is obviously useful for the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. However, it usually involves anxieties and pains. This paper aimed to explore effects of the communication robot on distress reduction in mammography. Nineteen healthy women participated in the examination. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 9) or a control group (n = 10). The participants in the experimental group talked and played with a communication robot before mammography. PALRO (FUJISOFT Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used as the communication robot, which was a chatty, comforting robot. PALRO can communicate with the human and has several specific applications such as dancing, singing and talking about knowledge of various things. Autonomic nervous activities were observed before and during mammography. Degrees of subjective pain associated with mammography were also assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). As a result, autonomic nervous activities between the experimental group and the control group were not significantly different. Unfortunately, the communication robot did not help to intensify parasympathetic nerve activities, which became dominant at rest or a relaxed state. On the other hand, the VAS scores for pain in the experimental group were significantly smaller than ones in the control group (p < 0.01). This result suggested that the communication robot was useful for relieving degrees of subjective pain associated with mammography. In conclusion, communication with a robot before mammography would yield positive emotions and it would be related to the pain alleviation during mammography.
