Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Ch...Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best. Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37;95%CI 3.07-3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95%CI 2.47-3.24) and 1.95 (95%CI 1.69-2.24) for reading or writing distances less than33 cmcompared to distances greater than33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (?1.69D vs ?1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and parental myopia. Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that parental myopia, reading or writing distances, time spent on studying or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.展开更多
●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were ra...●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;P<0.01)for one myopic parent and(OR:9.47;95%CI,3.88-23.13;P<0.01)for two myopic parents,longer daily reading hour(OR:1.21;95%CI,1.03-1.42;P=0.02)and less time outdoors(OR:0.8;95%CI,0.74-0.87;P<0.01).●CONCLUSION:Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> To determine the induced refractive error among the readymade garment workers. Those who are working in the knitting section and those who are working other than the knitting a...<strong>Background:</strong> To determine the induced refractive error among the readymade garment workers. Those who are working in the knitting section and those who are working other than the knitting and computer section. <strong>Methods:</strong> It was a prospective cross-sectional analytic study among 600 workers in 2 factories at Joydevpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh on January 2020. Group: A comprises 300 workers who were working at knitting section for a minimum of six hours a day and 5 days a week. Group: B comprises another 300 workers who were appointed for loading-unloading, care-taker, driver and security guard also. Prevalence of refractive error in two groups was compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants in group: A was 26.61 ± 4.99 (CI 95%, 26.04 ± 27.18) and in group: B was 28.51 ± 5.69 (95% CI 27.86 ± 29.15). Prevalence of refractive error between two groups was 52 and 28.3 respectively. The chi-square statistic is 44.9775. The p-value is <0.00001. Significant at p < 0.05. Strong positive correlation shows in Pearson’s correlation between time duration of knitting and refractive error (R is: 0.7619). Visual acuity between two groups chi-square statistic is 33.1866. The p-value is <0.00001. Significant at p < 0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Knitting workers at readymade garment (RGM) are more prone to develop late onset myopia than other workers in the same premises.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the characteristics of near-workrelated esotropia and the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)injection therapy on it.METHODS:A total of 107 patients aged 15-57y with near-work-related ...AIM:To investigate the characteristics of near-workrelated esotropia and the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)injection therapy on it.METHODS:A total of 107 patients aged 15-57y with near-work-related esotropia were taken as the BTXA-treated group,and 30 other peers without near-work-related esotropia were included in the control group.All participants were refractive corrected to analyse the clinical characteristics of near-work-related esotropia.All subjects were examined including Worth4 spot examination,stereoscopic vision,strabismus angle,accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio(AC/A),far and near positive and negative convergence,positive and negative fusion range,positive and negative relative accommodation.Clinical efficacy was evaluated at a period of 10mo follow-up.RESULTS:The distant and near stereopsis were found in 84.9%and 77.5%of patients in the BTXA-treated group,respectively.In the control group,all patients had distant and near stereopsis.The incidence of taking off one's glasses to see close objects was significantly higher in the BTXA-treated group than in the control group(P<0.05).The BTXA-treated group showed a smaller range of infusion(9.84±5.72)°than the control group(22.04±8.71)°(P<0.05).The near esotropia angle of the BTXA-treated group(17.08±11.98)△was significantly smaller than the distant esotropia angle(19.07±11.68)△(P<0.05).Ten months after injection,the diplopia and esotropia of most patients underwent improvements after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This study reveals that the accommodation function and the habit of near work without wearing spectacles are associated with near-work-related esotropia,while the length of time for near work and the onset time are independent of near-work-related esotropia.Additionally,BTXA injection therapy plays a vital role in relieving diplopia and restoring eye position.展开更多
Complications of myopia have become an important public health issue with serious socio-economic burdens.Prevention and treatment are both important.The Taiwan Student Vision Care Program(TSVCP)promoted by Ministry of...Complications of myopia have become an important public health issue with serious socio-economic burdens.Prevention and treatment are both important.The Taiwan Student Vision Care Program(TSVCP)promoted by Ministry of Education(MOE)has been carried out for 3 decades in Taiwan.The myopia prevalence has increased rapidly to a high level and therefore myopia prevention has continued to be the most important item in the program.Therefore,TSVCP aims to decrease the prevalence of myopia,in order to decrease the high myopia related blindness in the future.Recently,outdoor activity has been found to be an important protective factor for myopia and was implemented in TSVCP since 2010.Afterwards,the nationwide vision impairment rate(uncorrected vision 20/25 or less)of elementary school students declined unprecedentedly and continuously in recent years.Evidence-based protective and risk factors for myopia are now clearer.Widespread acknowledgement of myopic disease,preventing the onset of myopia,prompt diagnosis,and early treatment to control progression are all important.展开更多
文摘Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best. Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37;95%CI 3.07-3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95%CI 2.47-3.24) and 1.95 (95%CI 1.69-2.24) for reading or writing distances less than33 cmcompared to distances greater than33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (?1.69D vs ?1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and parental myopia. Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that parental myopia, reading or writing distances, time spent on studying or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.
基金Supported by the University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN)Developing Research Innovation,Localisation and Leadership in South Africa(DRILL).DRILL,is a NIH D43 grant(D43TW010131)awarded to UKZN in 2015 to support a research training and induction programme for early career academics.
文摘●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;P<0.01)for one myopic parent and(OR:9.47;95%CI,3.88-23.13;P<0.01)for two myopic parents,longer daily reading hour(OR:1.21;95%CI,1.03-1.42;P=0.02)and less time outdoors(OR:0.8;95%CI,0.74-0.87;P<0.01).●CONCLUSION:Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> To determine the induced refractive error among the readymade garment workers. Those who are working in the knitting section and those who are working other than the knitting and computer section. <strong>Methods:</strong> It was a prospective cross-sectional analytic study among 600 workers in 2 factories at Joydevpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh on January 2020. Group: A comprises 300 workers who were working at knitting section for a minimum of six hours a day and 5 days a week. Group: B comprises another 300 workers who were appointed for loading-unloading, care-taker, driver and security guard also. Prevalence of refractive error in two groups was compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants in group: A was 26.61 ± 4.99 (CI 95%, 26.04 ± 27.18) and in group: B was 28.51 ± 5.69 (95% CI 27.86 ± 29.15). Prevalence of refractive error between two groups was 52 and 28.3 respectively. The chi-square statistic is 44.9775. The p-value is <0.00001. Significant at p < 0.05. Strong positive correlation shows in Pearson’s correlation between time duration of knitting and refractive error (R is: 0.7619). Visual acuity between two groups chi-square statistic is 33.1866. The p-value is <0.00001. Significant at p < 0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Knitting workers at readymade garment (RGM) are more prone to develop late onset myopia than other workers in the same premises.
文摘AIM:To investigate the characteristics of near-workrelated esotropia and the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)injection therapy on it.METHODS:A total of 107 patients aged 15-57y with near-work-related esotropia were taken as the BTXA-treated group,and 30 other peers without near-work-related esotropia were included in the control group.All participants were refractive corrected to analyse the clinical characteristics of near-work-related esotropia.All subjects were examined including Worth4 spot examination,stereoscopic vision,strabismus angle,accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio(AC/A),far and near positive and negative convergence,positive and negative fusion range,positive and negative relative accommodation.Clinical efficacy was evaluated at a period of 10mo follow-up.RESULTS:The distant and near stereopsis were found in 84.9%and 77.5%of patients in the BTXA-treated group,respectively.In the control group,all patients had distant and near stereopsis.The incidence of taking off one's glasses to see close objects was significantly higher in the BTXA-treated group than in the control group(P<0.05).The BTXA-treated group showed a smaller range of infusion(9.84±5.72)°than the control group(22.04±8.71)°(P<0.05).The near esotropia angle of the BTXA-treated group(17.08±11.98)△was significantly smaller than the distant esotropia angle(19.07±11.68)△(P<0.05).Ten months after injection,the diplopia and esotropia of most patients underwent improvements after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This study reveals that the accommodation function and the habit of near work without wearing spectacles are associated with near-work-related esotropia,while the length of time for near work and the onset time are independent of near-work-related esotropia.Additionally,BTXA injection therapy plays a vital role in relieving diplopia and restoring eye position.
文摘Complications of myopia have become an important public health issue with serious socio-economic burdens.Prevention and treatment are both important.The Taiwan Student Vision Care Program(TSVCP)promoted by Ministry of Education(MOE)has been carried out for 3 decades in Taiwan.The myopia prevalence has increased rapidly to a high level and therefore myopia prevention has continued to be the most important item in the program.Therefore,TSVCP aims to decrease the prevalence of myopia,in order to decrease the high myopia related blindness in the future.Recently,outdoor activity has been found to be an important protective factor for myopia and was implemented in TSVCP since 2010.Afterwards,the nationwide vision impairment rate(uncorrected vision 20/25 or less)of elementary school students declined unprecedentedly and continuously in recent years.Evidence-based protective and risk factors for myopia are now clearer.Widespread acknowledgement of myopic disease,preventing the onset of myopia,prompt diagnosis,and early treatment to control progression are all important.
