The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value h...The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value has proved to be a promising tool in evaluating the n the process of N evaluation of potato plants and （SPAD reading）, below which nitrogen supplement is required. And taking convenient using into account, the threshold needs to be dynamic throughout the potato growing season so that the users can test their potato plants and make fertilization decision at any growing time of potato. To complete this goal, field experiments with different nitrogen supply levels were conducted in different sites in northern China from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that threshold SPAD values decrease as the growing season progresses for all cultivars and planting sites. By statistical analysis, the threshold regression models were established respectively as： y=-0.003χ2-0.0507χ＋58.213 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the potato cultivar Kexin 1, and y=-0.003χ2＋0.017χ＋52.489 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the cultivar Shepody, from which, the threshold SPAD value at any day after emergence can be calculated.展开更多
The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine(ARG), N-carbamylglutamate(NCG), and glutamine(GLN) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxida...The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine(ARG), N-carbamylglutamate(NCG), and glutamine(GLN) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 d with one of the following iso-nitrogenous diets:basal diet(BD), BD plus 1% ARG, BD plus 0.1% NCG, and BD plus 1% GLN. On day 28, half of the rats fed BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; i.e., the DT group) and the other half was intraperitoneally injected with sterile solution(i,e., the control group). The other diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT(i,e., DT + 1% GLN [DT + GLN],DT + 1% ARG [DT + ARG], and DT + 0.1% NCG [DT + NCG]). Rat jejunum samples obtained at 48 h after DT injection were analyzed. Results showed that DT significantly decreased catalase(CAT) activity and glutathione(GSH) content by 58.25% and 56.57%, respectively, and elevated malondialdehyde(MDA)content and crypt depth(CD) by 19.39% and 22.13%, respectively, in the jejunum(P < 0.05, relative to the control group). Compared with the DT group, the DT + GLN group exhibited significantly improved villus height(VH), villus width(VW), villus surface area(VSA), CD and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) activity(P < 0.05); the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly increased the ratio of VH to CD(H:D) and TAOC activity(P < 0.05); the DT + GLN, DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups exhibited significantly enhanced CAT activity and GSH content as well as decreased MDA content(P < 0.05). Moreover, VH, VW, VSA, CD and GSH content in the DT + GLN group were higher whereas MDA content was lower compared with the corresponding values observed in both the DT + ARG and the DT + NCG groups(P < 0.05). The H:D ratio in the DT + ARG group significantly increased compared with that in the DT + NCG and DT + GLN groups(P < 0.05). Collectively, this study suggested that dietary supplementation with 1% GLN, 0.1% NCG,and 1% ARG was effective in enhancing 展开更多
Previous studies have revealed that dietary N-carbamylglutamate(NCG)or L-arginine(Arg)improves small intestinal integrity and immune function in suckling Hu lambs that have experienced intrauterine growth retardation(...Previous studies have revealed that dietary N-carbamylglutamate(NCG)or L-arginine(Arg)improves small intestinal integrity and immune function in suckling Hu lambs that have experienced intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Whether these nutrients alter redox status and apoptosis in the colon of IUGR lambs is still unknown.This study,therefore,aimed at investigating whether dietary supplementation of Arg or NCG alters colonic redox status,apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and the underlying mechanism of these alterations in IUGR suckling Hu lambs.Forty-eight 7-d old Hu lambs,including 12 with normal birth weight(4.25±0.14 kg)and 36 with IUGR(3.01±0.12 kg),were assigned to 4 treatment groups(n=12 each;6 males and 6 females)for 3 weeks.The treatment groups were control(CON),IUGR,IUGR+Arg and IUGR+NCG.Relative to IUGR lambs,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)content,as well as proliferation index,were higher(P<0.05)whereas reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and apoptotic cell numbers were lower(P<0.05)in colonic tissue for both IUGR+Arg and NCG lambs.Both m RNA and protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein 10(CHOP10),B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax),apoptosis antigen 1(Fas),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),caspase 3,and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)were lower(P<0.05)while glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),Bcl-2 and catalase(CAT)levels were higher(P<0.05)in colonic tissue for IUGR+Arg and IUGR+NCG lambs compared with IUGR lambs.Based on our results,dietary NCG or Arg supplementation can improve colonic redox status and suppress apoptosis via death receptor-dependent,mitochondrial and ER stress pathways in IUGR suckling lambs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31360502)the Pre-973 Project of China (2012CB126307)the Inner Mongolia Nature Science Foundation, China (2013ZD04)
文摘The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value has proved to be a promising tool in evaluating the n the process of N evaluation of potato plants and （SPAD reading）, below which nitrogen supplement is required. And taking convenient using into account, the threshold needs to be dynamic throughout the potato growing season so that the users can test their potato plants and make fertilization decision at any growing time of potato. To complete this goal, field experiments with different nitrogen supply levels were conducted in different sites in northern China from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that threshold SPAD values decrease as the growing season progresses for all cultivars and planting sites. By statistical analysis, the threshold regression models were established respectively as： y=-0.003χ2-0.0507χ＋58.213 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the potato cultivar Kexin 1, and y=-0.003χ2＋0.017χ＋52.489 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the cultivar Shepody, from which, the threshold SPAD value at any day after emergence can be calculated.
基金the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301986)the Academy of Kechuang Feed Industry in Sichuan, and Specific Research Supporting Program for Discipline Construction in Sichuan Agricultural University (to G. Liu)
文摘The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine(ARG), N-carbamylglutamate(NCG), and glutamine(GLN) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 d with one of the following iso-nitrogenous diets:basal diet(BD), BD plus 1% ARG, BD plus 0.1% NCG, and BD plus 1% GLN. On day 28, half of the rats fed BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; i.e., the DT group) and the other half was intraperitoneally injected with sterile solution(i,e., the control group). The other diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT(i,e., DT + 1% GLN [DT + GLN],DT + 1% ARG [DT + ARG], and DT + 0.1% NCG [DT + NCG]). Rat jejunum samples obtained at 48 h after DT injection were analyzed. Results showed that DT significantly decreased catalase(CAT) activity and glutathione(GSH) content by 58.25% and 56.57%, respectively, and elevated malondialdehyde(MDA)content and crypt depth(CD) by 19.39% and 22.13%, respectively, in the jejunum(P < 0.05, relative to the control group). Compared with the DT group, the DT + GLN group exhibited significantly improved villus height(VH), villus width(VW), villus surface area(VSA), CD and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) activity(P < 0.05); the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly increased the ratio of VH to CD(H:D) and TAOC activity(P < 0.05); the DT + GLN, DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups exhibited significantly enhanced CAT activity and GSH content as well as decreased MDA content(P < 0.05). Moreover, VH, VW, VSA, CD and GSH content in the DT + GLN group were higher whereas MDA content was lower compared with the corresponding values observed in both the DT + ARG and the DT + NCG groups(P < 0.05). The H:D ratio in the DT + ARG group significantly increased compared with that in the DT + NCG and DT + GLN groups(P < 0.05). Collectively, this study suggested that dietary supplementation with 1% GLN, 0.1% NCG,and 1% ARG was effective in enhancing
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902180)the Top Talents Award Plan of Yangzhou University(2020)the Cyanine Project of Yangzhou University(2020)。
文摘Previous studies have revealed that dietary N-carbamylglutamate(NCG)or L-arginine(Arg)improves small intestinal integrity and immune function in suckling Hu lambs that have experienced intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Whether these nutrients alter redox status and apoptosis in the colon of IUGR lambs is still unknown.This study,therefore,aimed at investigating whether dietary supplementation of Arg or NCG alters colonic redox status,apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and the underlying mechanism of these alterations in IUGR suckling Hu lambs.Forty-eight 7-d old Hu lambs,including 12 with normal birth weight(4.25±0.14 kg)and 36 with IUGR(3.01±0.12 kg),were assigned to 4 treatment groups(n=12 each;6 males and 6 females)for 3 weeks.The treatment groups were control(CON),IUGR,IUGR+Arg and IUGR+NCG.Relative to IUGR lambs,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)content,as well as proliferation index,were higher(P<0.05)whereas reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and apoptotic cell numbers were lower(P<0.05)in colonic tissue for both IUGR+Arg and NCG lambs.Both m RNA and protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein 10(CHOP10),B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax),apoptosis antigen 1(Fas),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),caspase 3,and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)were lower(P<0.05)while glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),Bcl-2 and catalase(CAT)levels were higher(P<0.05)in colonic tissue for IUGR+Arg and IUGR+NCG lambs compared with IUGR lambs.Based on our results,dietary NCG or Arg supplementation can improve colonic redox status and suppress apoptosis via death receptor-dependent,mitochondrial and ER stress pathways in IUGR suckling lambs.
