The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary ...The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries.Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products.With flavonoids as major constituents,mulberry leaves possess various biological activities,including antioxidant,antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-diabetic,glucosidase inhibition,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,cardioprotective,and cognitive enhancement activities.Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids,mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties,such as antioxidant,anti-diabetic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,and hepatoprotective activities.The root bark of mulberry,containing flavonoids,alkaloids and stilbenoids,has antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.Other pharmacological properties of M.alba include anti-platelet,anxiolytic,anti-asthmatic,anthelmintic,antidepressant,cardioprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Clinical trials on the efficiency of M.alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted.The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder,food,cosmetics,and medicine.Overall,M.alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.展开更多
本文对桑天牛卵长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus prolixus LaSalle et Huang的寄主选择定位行为进行了系统研究。已有研究表明,寄主植物-寄主昆虫复合体释放的挥发物对寄生蜂有显著的引诱作用。为了查明寄主植物-寄主昆虫复合体中挥发性引诱物...本文对桑天牛卵长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus prolixus LaSalle et Huang的寄主选择定位行为进行了系统研究。已有研究表明,寄主植物-寄主昆虫复合体释放的挥发物对寄生蜂有显著的引诱作用。为了查明寄主植物-寄主昆虫复合体中挥发性引诱物质的来源,对不同处理桑枝(正常桑枝、机械损伤桑枝、系统枝、桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)咬食和产卵桑枝)、桑天牛虫粪及雌雄两性桑天牛所释放的挥发物分别进行了测定。结果显示:不同处理桑枝对寄生蜂都具有显著的引诱作用,而且产卵桑枝的引诱活性最大;桑天牛虫粪的气味对寄生蜂有引诱活性,而雌、雄桑天牛体表挥发物对寄生蜂的引诱效果不明显。桑天牛爬行痕迹对寄生蜂的微栖境接受行为没有影响,而桑天牛虫粪中的信息物质在寄生蜂的微栖境接受过程中起着重要作用。寄生蜂对产卵桑枝段的选择几率明显高于正常桑枝段和咬食桑枝段,而对不同植物上产卵刻槽的选择没有差异;刻槽表面存在着与此卵寄生蜂寄主识别相关的信息物质。展开更多
文摘The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany,utility,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba(mulberry or sang shu).The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries.Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products.With flavonoids as major constituents,mulberry leaves possess various biological activities,including antioxidant,antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-diabetic,glucosidase inhibition,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,cardioprotective,and cognitive enhancement activities.Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids,mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties,such as antioxidant,anti-diabetic,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-obesity,and hepatoprotective activities.The root bark of mulberry,containing flavonoids,alkaloids and stilbenoids,has antimicrobial,skin-whitening,cytotoxic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.Other pharmacological properties of M.alba include anti-platelet,anxiolytic,anti-asthmatic,anthelmintic,antidepressant,cardioprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Clinical trials on the efficiency of M.alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted.The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder,food,cosmetics,and medicine.Overall,M.alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.
