The 3D location and dipole orientation of light emitters provide essential information in many biological,chemical,and physical systems.Simultaneous acquisition of both information types typically requires pupil engin...The 3D location and dipole orientation of light emitters provide essential information in many biological,chemical,and physical systems.Simultaneous acquisition of both information types typically requires pupil engineering for 3D localization and dual-channel polarization splitting for orientation deduction.Here we report a geometric phase helical point spread function for simultaneously estimating the 3D position and dipole orientation of point emitters.It has a compact and simpler optical configuration compared to polarization-splitting techniques and yields achromatic phase modulation in contrast to pupil engineering based on dynamic phase,showing great potential for single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy.展开更多
We propose a scheme to coherently control the field-free orientation of NO molecule whose rotational temperature is above 0 K. It is found that the maximum molecular orientation is affected by two factors： one is the...We propose a scheme to coherently control the field-free orientation of NO molecule whose rotational temperature is above 0 K. It is found that the maximum molecular orientation is affected by two factors： one is the sum of the population of M = 0 rotational states and the other is their distribution, however, their distribution plays a much more significant role in molecular orientation than the sum of their population. By adopting a series of linearly polarized pulses resonant with the rotational states, the distribution of M = 0 rotational states is well rearranged. Though the number of pulses used is small, a relatively high orientation degree can be obtained. This scheme provides a promising approach to the achievement of a good orientation effect.展开更多
ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption ...ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00 ± 0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5,75 ±0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly have the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are not too rough. These results provide the physical understanding of the high performance of ITIC-based solar ceils, which also afford implications to design more advanced photovoltaic small molecules.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the orientation of the cold KRb molecules induced in a switched electrostatic field by numerically solving the full time-dependent Schr6dinger equation. The results show that the periodic ...We theoretically investigate the orientation of the cold KRb molecules induced in a switched electrostatic field by numerically solving the full time-dependent Schr6dinger equation. The results show that the periodic field-free molecular orientation can be realized for the KRb molecules by rapidly switching off the electrostatic field. Meanwhile, by varying the switching times of the electrostatic field, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic interactions of the molecules with the applied field can be realized. Moreover, the influences of the electrostatic field strength and the rotational temperature to the degree of the molecular orientation are studied. The investigations show that increasing the electrostatic field will increase the degree of the molecular orientation, both in the constant-field regime and in the field-free regime, while the increasing of the rotational temperature of the cold molecules will greatly decrease the degree of the molecular orientation.展开更多
The constructive or destructive spectral interference between the molecular groups oriented up and down at the interface in the sum-frequency generation （SFG） spectra provides a direct measurement of the absolute or...The constructive or destructive spectral interference between the molecular groups oriented up and down at the interface in the sum-frequency generation （SFG） spectra provides a direct measurement of the absolute orientation of these molecular groups. This simple approach can be employed to interrogate absolute molecular orientations other than using the complex absolute phase measurement in the SFG studies. We used the -CN group in the p-cyanophenol （PCP） molecule as the internal phase standard, and we measured the phases of the SFG fields of the -CN groups in the 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （35DMHBN） and 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （26DMHBN） at the air/water interface by measuring the SFG spectra of the aqueous surfaces of the mixtures of the PCP, 35DMHBN, and 26DMHBN solutions. The results showed that the 35DMHBN had its -CN group pointing into the aqueous phase; while the 26DMHBN, similar to the PCP, had its -CN group pointing away from the aqueous phase. The tilt angles of the -CN group for both the 35DMHBN and 26DMHBN molecules at the air/water interface were around 25°-45° from the interface normal. These results provided insights on the understanding of the detailed balance of the competing factors, such as solvation of the polar head groups, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects, etc., on influencing the absolute molecular orientation at the air/water interface.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62105368,62275268,and 62375284)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3010)。
文摘The 3D location and dipole orientation of light emitters provide essential information in many biological,chemical,and physical systems.Simultaneous acquisition of both information types typically requires pupil engineering for 3D localization and dual-channel polarization splitting for orientation deduction.Here we report a geometric phase helical point spread function for simultaneously estimating the 3D position and dipole orientation of point emitters.It has a compact and simpler optical configuration compared to polarization-splitting techniques and yields achromatic phase modulation in contrast to pupil engineering based on dynamic phase,showing great potential for single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB922200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11034003,11474129,11274141,and 11304116)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20130061110021)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(Grant No.2015091)
文摘We propose a scheme to coherently control the field-free orientation of NO molecule whose rotational temperature is above 0 K. It is found that the maximum molecular orientation is affected by two factors： one is the sum of the population of M = 0 rotational states and the other is their distribution, however, their distribution plays a much more significant role in molecular orientation than the sum of their population. By adopting a series of linearly polarized pulses resonant with the rotational states, the distribution of M = 0 rotational states is well rearranged. Though the number of pulses used is small, a relatively high orientation degree can be obtained. This scheme provides a promising approach to the achievement of a good orientation effect.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374258 and 11079028)
文摘ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00 ± 0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5,75 ±0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly have the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are not too rough. These results provide the physical understanding of the high performance of ITIC-based solar ceils, which also afford implications to design more advanced photovoltaic small molecules.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11034002)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2011921602)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technical Project of Nantong City, China (Grant No. BK2011052)the Qing Lan Project
文摘We theoretically investigate the orientation of the cold KRb molecules induced in a switched electrostatic field by numerically solving the full time-dependent Schr6dinger equation. The results show that the periodic field-free molecular orientation can be realized for the KRb molecules by rapidly switching off the electrostatic field. Meanwhile, by varying the switching times of the electrostatic field, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic interactions of the molecules with the applied field can be realized. Moreover, the influences of the electrostatic field strength and the rotational temperature to the degree of the molecular orientation are studied. The investigations show that increasing the electrostatic field will increase the degree of the molecular orientation, both in the constant-field regime and in the field-free regime, while the increasing of the rotational temperature of the cold molecules will greatly decrease the degree of the molecular orientation.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(JUSRP111A21)National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(2010CB832903)+2 种基金Self-determined Research Program of Jiangnan University"Eleven-Five"Planning Issues for Education and Science of Jiangsu Province under Higher Education System 34 of 2008"Eleven-Five"Planning Issues for Higher Education of Jiangsu Province(JS053)~~
基金Ⅵ. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Hong-fei Wang thanks the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20373076, No.20425309, and No.20533070） and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （No.2007CB815205）. Zhi-feng Cui thanks the support by the Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10674002） and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （No.ZD2007001-1）.
文摘The constructive or destructive spectral interference between the molecular groups oriented up and down at the interface in the sum-frequency generation （SFG） spectra provides a direct measurement of the absolute orientation of these molecular groups. This simple approach can be employed to interrogate absolute molecular orientations other than using the complex absolute phase measurement in the SFG studies. We used the -CN group in the p-cyanophenol （PCP） molecule as the internal phase standard, and we measured the phases of the SFG fields of the -CN groups in the 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （35DMHBN） and 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （26DMHBN） at the air/water interface by measuring the SFG spectra of the aqueous surfaces of the mixtures of the PCP, 35DMHBN, and 26DMHBN solutions. The results showed that the 35DMHBN had its -CN group pointing into the aqueous phase; while the 26DMHBN, similar to the PCP, had its -CN group pointing away from the aqueous phase. The tilt angles of the -CN group for both the 35DMHBN and 26DMHBN molecules at the air/water interface were around 25°-45° from the interface normal. These results provided insights on the understanding of the detailed balance of the competing factors, such as solvation of the polar head groups, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects, etc., on influencing the absolute molecular orientation at the air/water interface.
