Aims The aim of this article is 3-fold.First,we present an updated version of a published megaphylogeny of vascular plants that can be used in studies of plant ecology and biogeography.second,we develop a tool that ca...Aims The aim of this article is 3-fold.First,we present an updated version of a published megaphylogeny of vascular plants that can be used in studies of plant ecology and biogeography.second,we develop a tool that can be used by botanists and plant ecologists to generate phylogenetic hypotheses in three scenarios.Third,we use a set of regional assemblages of angiosperm trees in North america as a model system to evaluate the effect of differences in phylogenies generated using the three scenarios on the quantification of phylogenetic properties and the relationship between measures of phylogenetic properties and environment.Methods The taxonomy and nomenclature of plant species in the megaphy-logeny were standardized according to The Plant list(version 1.1).a tool for generating phylogenies was created using the r language.The robustness of derived phylogenies was evaluated using correlation and regression analyses.Important Findingsan updated megaphylogeny of vascular plants(PhytoPhylo)and a tool for reconstructing phylogenies of seed plants(s.Phylomaker)were generated.our study shows that phylogenies generated by s.Phylomaker using the PhytoPhylo megaphylogeny as a backbone are nearly as good as phylogeny resolved at the species level when using derived phylogenies to quantify phylogenetic properties(e.g.phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness)of biological assemblages,and that s.Phylomaker-generated phylogenies are robust for studies of community ecology and biogeography,par-ticularly those seeking for patterns of phylogenetic properties along environmental gradients.展开更多
In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used...In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are critically reviewed, i.e., evidence- theory-based reliability metrics, interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, fuzzy-interval-analysis- based reliability metrics, possibility-theory-based reliability metrics （posbist reliability） and uncertainty-theory-based reliability metrics （belief reliability）. It is pointed out that a qualified reli- ability metric that is able to consider the effect of epistemic uncertainty needs to （ 1 ） compensate the conservatism in the estimations of the component-level reliability metrics caused by epistemic uncertainty, and （2） satisfy the duality axiom, otherwise it might lead to paradoxical and confusing results in engineering applications. The five commonly used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are compared in terms of these two properties, and the comparison can serve as a basis for the selection of the appropriate reliability metrics.展开更多
文摘Aims The aim of this article is 3-fold.First,we present an updated version of a published megaphylogeny of vascular plants that can be used in studies of plant ecology and biogeography.second,we develop a tool that can be used by botanists and plant ecologists to generate phylogenetic hypotheses in three scenarios.Third,we use a set of regional assemblages of angiosperm trees in North america as a model system to evaluate the effect of differences in phylogenies generated using the three scenarios on the quantification of phylogenetic properties and the relationship between measures of phylogenetic properties and environment.Methods The taxonomy and nomenclature of plant species in the megaphy-logeny were standardized according to The Plant list(version 1.1).a tool for generating phylogenies was created using the r language.The robustness of derived phylogenies was evaluated using correlation and regression analyses.Important Findingsan updated megaphylogeny of vascular plants(PhytoPhylo)and a tool for reconstructing phylogenies of seed plants(s.Phylomaker)were generated.our study shows that phylogenies generated by s.Phylomaker using the PhytoPhylo megaphylogeny as a backbone are nearly as good as phylogeny resolved at the species level when using derived phylogenies to quantify phylogenetic properties(e.g.phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness)of biological assemblages,and that s.Phylomaker-generated phylogenies are robust for studies of community ecology and biogeography,par-ticularly those seeking for patterns of phylogenetic properties along environmental gradients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61573043)
文摘In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are critically reviewed, i.e., evidence- theory-based reliability metrics, interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, fuzzy-interval-analysis- based reliability metrics, possibility-theory-based reliability metrics （posbist reliability） and uncertainty-theory-based reliability metrics （belief reliability）. It is pointed out that a qualified reli- ability metric that is able to consider the effect of epistemic uncertainty needs to （ 1 ） compensate the conservatism in the estimations of the component-level reliability metrics caused by epistemic uncertainty, and （2） satisfy the duality axiom, otherwise it might lead to paradoxical and confusing results in engineering applications. The five commonly used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are compared in terms of these two properties, and the comparison can serve as a basis for the selection of the appropriate reliability metrics.
