AIM: To observe changes of mitochondria and investigate the effect of ethanol on mitochondrial perme- ability transition pore (PTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and intracellular calcium concentratio...AIM: To observe changes of mitochondria and investigate the effect of ethanol on mitochondrial perme- ability transition pore (PTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and intracellular calcium concentration in hepatocytes by establishing an animal model of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Fourty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the model group (20) was administered alcohol intragastrically plus an Oliver oil diet to establish an ALD model, and the control group (20) was given an equal amount of normal saline. The ultramicrostructural changes of mitochondria were observed under electron microscopy. Mitochondria of liver was extracted, and patency of PTP, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial mass and intracellular calcium concentration of isolated hepacytes were detected by flow cytometry using rhodamine123 (Rh123), Nonyl-Acridine Orange and calcium fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM, respectively. RESULTS: Membrane and cristae were broken or disappeared in mitochondria in different shapes under electron microscopy. Some mitochondria showed U shape or megamitochondrion. In the model group, liver mitochondria PTP was broken, and mitochondria swelled, the absorbance at 450 nm, A540 decreased (0.0136 ± 0.0025 vs 0.0321 ± 0.0013, model vs control, P < 0.01); mitochondria transmembrane potential (239.4638 ± 12.7263 vs 377.5850 ± 16.8119, P < 0.01) was lowered; mitochondrial mass (17.4350 ± 1.9880 vs 31.6738 ± 3.4930, P < 0.01); and [Ca2+]i was increased in liver cells (7.0020 ± 0.5008 vs 10.2050 ± 0.4701, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Chronic alcohol intake might lead to broken mitochondria PTP, decreased mitochondria membrane potential and injury, and elevated intracellular Ca2+ production. Ethanol-induced chondriosome injury may be an important mechanism of alcoholic diseases.展开更多
该文选择Ha Ca T皮肤角质形成细胞测定萜烯类经皮促透剂对皮肤活性表皮层的影响,探讨其促进药物透皮吸收的作用机制。选择具良好经皮促透效果的萜烯类化合物,即薄荷醇、柠檬烯、1,8-桉树脑、薄荷酮、4-萜品醇和长叶薄荷酮;采用MTT试验...该文选择Ha Ca T皮肤角质形成细胞测定萜烯类经皮促透剂对皮肤活性表皮层的影响,探讨其促进药物透皮吸收的作用机制。选择具良好经皮促透效果的萜烯类化合物,即薄荷醇、柠檬烯、1,8-桉树脑、薄荷酮、4-萜品醇和长叶薄荷酮;采用MTT试验测定萜烯类经皮促透剂的细胞毒性,利用荧光漂白恢复技术(FRAP)考察不同萜烯类促透剂对细胞膜流动性的影响,采用流式细胞仪测定不同萜烯类促透剂对细胞膜电位的改变,同时考察了萜烯类促透剂对Ha Ca T细胞内Ca2+浓度的影响,采用超微量Ca2+-ATP酶试剂盒测定萜烯促透剂对Ha Ca T细胞内Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,相对于常用化学促透剂氮酮,6种萜烯类促透剂均显示较低细胞毒性;所选择的萜烯类促透剂可显著增加Ha Ca T细胞膜流动性、降低细胞膜电位,同时可降低Ha Ca T细胞Ca2+-ATP酶活性和细胞内Ca2+浓度而影响细胞Ca2+平衡。因此,萜烯类促透剂可能通过改变细胞内Ca2+平衡而影响细胞膜流动性及膜电位,增加皮肤活性表皮流动性而降低皮肤屏障作用,从而利于药物的透皮吸收。展开更多
AIM： To observe the effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG2 cells and [Ca^2＋]i in the cells, and to uncover the mechanism by which solanine induces apoptosis.METHODS： HepG2 cells were ...AIM： To observe the effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG2 cells and [Ca^2＋]i in the cells, and to uncover the mechanism by which solanine induces apoptosis.METHODS： HepG2 cells were double stained with AO/EB, and morphological changes of the cells were observed using laser confocal scanning microscopy （LCSM）. HepG2 cells were stained with TMRE, and change in the membrane potential of mitochondria in the cells were observed using LCSM. HepG2 cells were double stained with Fluo-3/AM, and change of [Ca^2＋]i in the cells were observed using LCSM. HepG2 cells were double stained with TMRE and Fluo-3/AM, and both the change in membrane potential of mitochondria and that of [Ca^2＋]i in the cells were observed using LCSM.RESULTS： Cells in treated groups showed typical signs of apoptosis. Staining with TMRE showed that solanine could lower membrane potential; staining with Fluo-3/AM showed that solanine could increase the concentration of Ca^2＋ in tumor cells; and those of double staining with TMRE and Fluo-3/AM showed that solanine could increase the concentration of Ca^2＋ in the cells at the same time as it lowered the membrane potential of mitochondria.CONCLUSION： Solanine opens up the PT channels in the membrane by lowering the membrane potential, leading to Ca^2＋ being transported down its concentration gradient, which in turn leads to the rise of the concentration of Ca^2＋ in the cell, turning on the mechanism for apoptosis.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. 032050113
文摘AIM: To observe changes of mitochondria and investigate the effect of ethanol on mitochondrial perme- ability transition pore (PTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and intracellular calcium concentration in hepatocytes by establishing an animal model of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Fourty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the model group (20) was administered alcohol intragastrically plus an Oliver oil diet to establish an ALD model, and the control group (20) was given an equal amount of normal saline. The ultramicrostructural changes of mitochondria were observed under electron microscopy. Mitochondria of liver was extracted, and patency of PTP, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial mass and intracellular calcium concentration of isolated hepacytes were detected by flow cytometry using rhodamine123 (Rh123), Nonyl-Acridine Orange and calcium fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM, respectively. RESULTS: Membrane and cristae were broken or disappeared in mitochondria in different shapes under electron microscopy. Some mitochondria showed U shape or megamitochondrion. In the model group, liver mitochondria PTP was broken, and mitochondria swelled, the absorbance at 450 nm, A540 decreased (0.0136 ± 0.0025 vs 0.0321 ± 0.0013, model vs control, P < 0.01); mitochondria transmembrane potential (239.4638 ± 12.7263 vs 377.5850 ± 16.8119, P < 0.01) was lowered; mitochondrial mass (17.4350 ± 1.9880 vs 31.6738 ± 3.4930, P < 0.01); and [Ca2+]i was increased in liver cells (7.0020 ± 0.5008 vs 10.2050 ± 0.4701, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Chronic alcohol intake might lead to broken mitochondria PTP, decreased mitochondria membrane potential and injury, and elevated intracellular Ca2+ production. Ethanol-induced chondriosome injury may be an important mechanism of alcoholic diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants DK-57819 and DK-61972a Merit Review Grant from US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
文摘该文选择Ha Ca T皮肤角质形成细胞测定萜烯类经皮促透剂对皮肤活性表皮层的影响,探讨其促进药物透皮吸收的作用机制。选择具良好经皮促透效果的萜烯类化合物,即薄荷醇、柠檬烯、1,8-桉树脑、薄荷酮、4-萜品醇和长叶薄荷酮;采用MTT试验测定萜烯类经皮促透剂的细胞毒性,利用荧光漂白恢复技术(FRAP)考察不同萜烯类促透剂对细胞膜流动性的影响,采用流式细胞仪测定不同萜烯类促透剂对细胞膜电位的改变,同时考察了萜烯类促透剂对Ha Ca T细胞内Ca2+浓度的影响,采用超微量Ca2+-ATP酶试剂盒测定萜烯促透剂对Ha Ca T细胞内Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,相对于常用化学促透剂氮酮,6种萜烯类促透剂均显示较低细胞毒性;所选择的萜烯类促透剂可显著增加Ha Ca T细胞膜流动性、降低细胞膜电位,同时可降低Ha Ca T细胞Ca2+-ATP酶活性和细胞内Ca2+浓度而影响细胞Ca2+平衡。因此,萜烯类促透剂可能通过改变细胞内Ca2+平衡而影响细胞膜流动性及膜电位,增加皮肤活性表皮流动性而降低皮肤屏障作用,从而利于药物的透皮吸收。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30400591 the Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation, No. D2004-13, D200505 Harbin City Young Scientist Foundation, No. 2004AFQXJ035
文摘AIM： To observe the effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG2 cells and [Ca^2＋]i in the cells, and to uncover the mechanism by which solanine induces apoptosis.METHODS： HepG2 cells were double stained with AO/EB, and morphological changes of the cells were observed using laser confocal scanning microscopy （LCSM）. HepG2 cells were stained with TMRE, and change in the membrane potential of mitochondria in the cells were observed using LCSM. HepG2 cells were double stained with Fluo-3/AM, and change of [Ca^2＋]i in the cells were observed using LCSM. HepG2 cells were double stained with TMRE and Fluo-3/AM, and both the change in membrane potential of mitochondria and that of [Ca^2＋]i in the cells were observed using LCSM.RESULTS： Cells in treated groups showed typical signs of apoptosis. Staining with TMRE showed that solanine could lower membrane potential; staining with Fluo-3/AM showed that solanine could increase the concentration of Ca^2＋ in tumor cells; and those of double staining with TMRE and Fluo-3/AM showed that solanine could increase the concentration of Ca^2＋ in the cells at the same time as it lowered the membrane potential of mitochondria.CONCLUSION： Solanine opens up the PT channels in the membrane by lowering the membrane potential, leading to Ca^2＋ being transported down its concentration gradient, which in turn leads to the rise of the concentration of Ca^2＋ in the cell, turning on the mechanism for apoptosis.
