This article applies a Markov chain method to compute the probability of residential fire occurrence based on past fire history. Fitted with the fire incidence data gathered over a period of 10 years in Melbourne, Aus...This article applies a Markov chain method to compute the probability of residential fire occurrence based on past fire history. Fitted with the fire incidence data gathered over a period of 10 years in Melbourne, Australia,the spatially-integrated fire risk model predicts the likely occurrence of fire incidents using space and time as key model parameters. The mapped probabilities of fire occurrence across Melbourne show a city-centric spatial pattern where inner-city areas are relatively more vulnerable to a fire than outer suburbia. Fire risk reduces in a neighborhood when there is at least one fire in the last1 month. The results show that the time threshold of reduced fire risk after the fire occurrence is about 2 months.Fire risk increases when there is no fire in the last 1 month within the third-order neighborhood(within 5 km). A fire that occurs within this distance range, however, has no significant effect on reducing fire risk level within the neighborhood. The spatial–temporal dependencies of fire risk provide new empirical evidence useful for fire agencies to effectively plan and implement geo-targeted fire risk interventions and education programs to mitigate potential fire risk in areas where and when they are most needed.展开更多
When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to sugges...When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.展开更多
Helps students to promote lifelong learning ability and giveing them outstanding and unique Melbourne Experience is the University of Melbourne' s commitment to the students.Ten years ago,the University of Melbour...Helps students to promote lifelong learning ability and giveing them outstanding and unique Melbourne Experience is the University of Melbourne' s commitment to the students.Ten years ago,the University of Melbourne announced a major institutional reform in order to grow esteem,to improve the quality and to take up some of the challenges of international higher education competition.The Melbourne Curriculum was characterized by distinctive Melbourne Experience which are contribute to excellent classroom experience,research experience,practice experience,e- learning experience as follows:undergraduate courses focus on flexibility and preliminary,postgraduate courses focus on diversity and feasibility,practical courses focus on applicability and situationality,online courses focus on timeliness and interactivity.The development of Melbourne Curriculum highlights that we should pay particular attention to improving the quality of talent training and promoting the development of university centered on the curriculum reform,to promoting lifelong learning ability and directing research throughout the teaching process,to developing career skill and guiding with employability skills framework,to improving the quality of online courses and establishing reputation of a famous university on a new platform.展开更多
As one of the main components of Grassland Fire Danger Index,grassland curing degree provides crucial information for determining grassland fire danger.Accurate estimates of grassland curing are critical for determini...As one of the main components of Grassland Fire Danger Index,grassland curing degree provides crucial information for determining grassland fire danger.Accurate estimates of grassland curing are critical for determining grassland fire risk.This research focuses on the use of Landsat 8 to estimate grassland curing.Results demonstrate that Landsat 8 observations can be used to estimate curing percentages as assessed by visual and ground sampling measurements.Grassland interannual variability for the Greater Melbourne region using Landsat 8 imagery from 2013 to 2019 is examined.Slight differences in curing times and degree are observed for sample sites surrounding Greater Melbourne due to climatic differences across the region.Precipitation is regarded as an essential variable affecting curing degree and this relationship is evident for all five sample sites.Landsat 8 curing results are compared to both visual observations and destructive sampling,the most accurate method,for accuracy assessment.At 95%confidence level,Landsat 8 estimations are no different from destructive ground sampling estimations.Overall,this study validates the use of Landsat 8 data as an effective and accurate way for grassland curing monitoring.展开更多
文摘This article applies a Markov chain method to compute the probability of residential fire occurrence based on past fire history. Fitted with the fire incidence data gathered over a period of 10 years in Melbourne, Australia,the spatially-integrated fire risk model predicts the likely occurrence of fire incidents using space and time as key model parameters. The mapped probabilities of fire occurrence across Melbourne show a city-centric spatial pattern where inner-city areas are relatively more vulnerable to a fire than outer suburbia. Fire risk reduces in a neighborhood when there is at least one fire in the last1 month. The results show that the time threshold of reduced fire risk after the fire occurrence is about 2 months.Fire risk increases when there is no fire in the last 1 month within the third-order neighborhood(within 5 km). A fire that occurs within this distance range, however, has no significant effect on reducing fire risk level within the neighborhood. The spatial–temporal dependencies of fire risk provide new empirical evidence useful for fire agencies to effectively plan and implement geo-targeted fire risk interventions and education programs to mitigate potential fire risk in areas where and when they are most needed.
文摘When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.
文摘Helps students to promote lifelong learning ability and giveing them outstanding and unique Melbourne Experience is the University of Melbourne' s commitment to the students.Ten years ago,the University of Melbourne announced a major institutional reform in order to grow esteem,to improve the quality and to take up some of the challenges of international higher education competition.The Melbourne Curriculum was characterized by distinctive Melbourne Experience which are contribute to excellent classroom experience,research experience,practice experience,e- learning experience as follows:undergraduate courses focus on flexibility and preliminary,postgraduate courses focus on diversity and feasibility,practical courses focus on applicability and situationality,online courses focus on timeliness and interactivity.The development of Melbourne Curriculum highlights that we should pay particular attention to improving the quality of talent training and promoting the development of university centered on the curriculum reform,to promoting lifelong learning ability and directing research throughout the teaching process,to developing career skill and guiding with employability skills framework,to improving the quality of online courses and establishing reputation of a famous university on a new platform.
文摘As one of the main components of Grassland Fire Danger Index,grassland curing degree provides crucial information for determining grassland fire danger.Accurate estimates of grassland curing are critical for determining grassland fire risk.This research focuses on the use of Landsat 8 to estimate grassland curing.Results demonstrate that Landsat 8 observations can be used to estimate curing percentages as assessed by visual and ground sampling measurements.Grassland interannual variability for the Greater Melbourne region using Landsat 8 imagery from 2013 to 2019 is examined.Slight differences in curing times and degree are observed for sample sites surrounding Greater Melbourne due to climatic differences across the region.Precipitation is regarded as an essential variable affecting curing degree and this relationship is evident for all five sample sites.Landsat 8 curing results are compared to both visual observations and destructive sampling,the most accurate method,for accuracy assessment.At 95%confidence level,Landsat 8 estimations are no different from destructive ground sampling estimations.Overall,this study validates the use of Landsat 8 data as an effective and accurate way for grassland curing monitoring.
