利用1979—2009年的NECP资料、Hadley海温月平均资料和CMAP降水资料,采用Kao and Yu(2009)的方法定义了夏季EP型ENSO指数EPI,用合成分析的方法分析了东部型ENSO与海洋性大陆降水的关系。结果表明:EPI与MC(Maritime Continent,海洋性大陆...利用1979—2009年的NECP资料、Hadley海温月平均资料和CMAP降水资料,采用Kao and Yu(2009)的方法定义了夏季EP型ENSO指数EPI,用合成分析的方法分析了东部型ENSO与海洋性大陆降水的关系。结果表明:EPI与MC(Maritime Continent,海洋性大陆)区域降水变化间存在非常弱的负相关。造成这一弱相关的原因是EPI与MC区域降水在某些年份存在同号变化。在剔除Nio4信号后,海洋性大陆区域降水序列与EPI与存在着同号和反号两种关系。反号关系是通常所认为的,当经典的El Nio(La Nia)发生时MC区域降水出现显著地减少(增多)。此时,沿赤道的异常Walker环流建立了EP型ENSO与MC区域气候间的直接联系。而在同号关系时,菲律宾以东异常加热和SPCZ区域异常冷却引起的西北—东南走向的垂直环流圈削弱了MC区域与赤道东太平洋之间的异常Walker环流所建立的直接联系,或者说,赤道东太平洋区域SSTA与MC区域降水异常的形成是通过SPCZ区域SST的反号异常而产生间接联系的。这种机制的揭示为深刻认识ENSO影响海洋性大陆区域甚至东亚地区气候变动的联系提供了新的线索。展开更多
The Maritime Continent（MC） is under influences of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Anomalous convective activities over the MC have significant impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon（EASM） and cli...The Maritime Continent（MC） is under influences of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Anomalous convective activities over the MC have significant impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon（EASM） and climate in China. In the present study, the variation in convective activity over the MC in boreal summer and its relationship to EASM anomalies are investigated based on regression analysis of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and CMAP [Climate Prediction Center（CPC） Merged Analysis of Precipitation] data, with a focus on the impacts of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole（IOD）. The most significant interannual variability of convective activity is found over 10°S–10°N, 95°–145°E, which can be roughly defined as the key area of the MC（hereafter, KMC）. Outgoing longwave radiation anomaly（OLRA） exhibits 3- to 7-yr periodicities over the KMC, and around 70% of the OLRA variance can be explained by the ENSO signal. However, distinct convection and precipitation anomalies still exist over this region after the ENSO and IOD signals are removed. Abnormally low precipitation always corresponds to positive OLRA over the KMC when negative diabatic heating anomalies and anomalous cooling of the atmospheric column lead to abnormal descending motion over this region. Correspondingly, abnormal divergence occurs in the lower troposphere while convergence occurs in the upper troposphere, triggering an East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan（EAP/PJ）-like anomalous wave train that propagates northeastward and leads to a significant positive precipitation anomaly from the Yangtze River valley in China to the islands of Japan. This EAP/PJ-like wave pattern becomes even clearer after the removal of the ENSO signal and the combined effects of ENSO and IOD, suggesting that convective anomalies over the KMC have an important impact on EASM anomalies. The above results provide important clues for the prediction of EASM anomalies and associated summer precipitation anomalies in China.展开更多
文摘海洋性大陆(Maritime Continent,MC)是夏季大气季节内振荡(the Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation,BSISO)传播的必经途径,而MC对于BSISO结构和传播产生的重要的影响机制很不清楚.针对此问题,利用高精度数值模式对一次BSISO事件展开数值模拟试验研究.选取2020年8-9月的一次BSISO事件,利用高精度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)对本次BSISO过程进行了近一个月的数值模拟.发现WRF控制试验合理模拟出与再分析资料中相近的北传低层风场以及明显具有BSISO特征的西北-东南倾斜的雨带,并合理地捕捉了本次BSISO事件的传播特征和平均状态.为了研究MC地形对本次事件传播和强度的影响,在WRF模式中去除了MC地区的地形,开展了敏感性试验.在去除地形的敏感性试验中,BSISO低空风加强,传播更加平滑,整体降水幅度增加,而在岛屿上水汽大幅增加,降水量减少.在地形高度为零的情况下,纬向平流大大增强,从而增强了海上对流,促进了BSISO的加强和传播.此数值模拟试验研究揭示了MC地形对BSISO降水结构、传播和幅度的影响.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42275025]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number 2023084].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41330425)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201406024)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘The Maritime Continent（MC） is under influences of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Anomalous convective activities over the MC have significant impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon（EASM） and climate in China. In the present study, the variation in convective activity over the MC in boreal summer and its relationship to EASM anomalies are investigated based on regression analysis of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and CMAP [Climate Prediction Center（CPC） Merged Analysis of Precipitation] data, with a focus on the impacts of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole（IOD）. The most significant interannual variability of convective activity is found over 10°S–10°N, 95°–145°E, which can be roughly defined as the key area of the MC（hereafter, KMC）. Outgoing longwave radiation anomaly（OLRA） exhibits 3- to 7-yr periodicities over the KMC, and around 70% of the OLRA variance can be explained by the ENSO signal. However, distinct convection and precipitation anomalies still exist over this region after the ENSO and IOD signals are removed. Abnormally low precipitation always corresponds to positive OLRA over the KMC when negative diabatic heating anomalies and anomalous cooling of the atmospheric column lead to abnormal descending motion over this region. Correspondingly, abnormal divergence occurs in the lower troposphere while convergence occurs in the upper troposphere, triggering an East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan（EAP/PJ）-like anomalous wave train that propagates northeastward and leads to a significant positive precipitation anomaly from the Yangtze River valley in China to the islands of Japan. This EAP/PJ-like wave pattern becomes even clearer after the removal of the ENSO signal and the combined effects of ENSO and IOD, suggesting that convective anomalies over the KMC have an important impact on EASM anomalies. The above results provide important clues for the prediction of EASM anomalies and associated summer precipitation anomalies in China.
