Li metal chemistry is a promising alternative with a much higher energy density than that of state-of-the-art Li-ion counterparts. However, significant challenges including safety issues and poor cyclability have seve...Li metal chemistry is a promising alternative with a much higher energy density than that of state-of-the-art Li-ion counterparts. However, significant challenges including safety issues and poor cyclability have severely impeded Li metal technology from becoming viable. In recent years, nanotechnologies have become increasingly important in materials design and fabrication for Li metal anodes, contributing to major progress in the field. In this review, we first introduce the main achievements in Li metal battery systems fulfilled by nanotechnologies, particularly regarding Li metal anode design and protection, ultrastrong separator engineering, safety monitoring, and smart functions. Next, we introduce recent studies on nanoscale Li nucleation/deposition. Finally, we discuss possible future research directions. We hope this review delivers an overall picture of the role of nanoscale approaches in the recent progress of Li metal battery technology and inspires more research in the future.展开更多
Lithium metal anode is a promising electrode with high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential.However,its unstable interface and low Coulombic efficiency,resulting from the dendritic growth of lithi...Lithium metal anode is a promising electrode with high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential.However,its unstable interface and low Coulombic efficiency,resulting from the dendritic growth of lithium,limits its commercial application.PIM-1(PIM:polymer of intrinsic microporosity),which is a polymer with abundant micropores,exhibits high rigidity and flexibility with contorted spirocenters in the backbone,and is an ideal candidate for artificial solid electrolyte interphases(SEI).In this work,a PIM-1 membrane was synthesized and fabricated as a protective membrane on the surface of an electrode to facilitate the uniform flux of Li ions and act as a stable interface for the lithium plating/stripping process.Nodule-like lithium with rounded edges was observed under the PIM-1 membrane.The Li@PIM-1 electrode delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency(99.7%),excellent cyclability(80%capacity retention rate after 600 cycles at 1 C),and superior rate capability(125.3 m Ah g-1 at 10 C).Electrochemical impedance spectrum(EIS)showed that the PIM-1 membrane could lower the diffusion rate of Li+significantly and change the rate-determining step from charge transfer to Li+diffusion.Thus,the PIM-1 membrane is proven to act as an artificial SEI to facilitate uniform and stable deposition of lithium,in favor of obtaining a compact and dense Li-plating pattern.This work extends the application of PIMs in the field of lithium batteries and provides ideas for the construction of artificial SEI.展开更多
为发展下一代高性能电池,具有超高比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低氧化还原电位(相对于标准氢电极(SHE)-3.04 V)的金属锂负极已成为广泛研究的热点。然而,不可控的枝晶生长、较低的库伦效率和巨大的体积形变等问题严重阻碍了金属锂负极的...为发展下一代高性能电池,具有超高比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低氧化还原电位(相对于标准氢电极(SHE)-3.04 V)的金属锂负极已成为广泛研究的热点。然而,不可控的枝晶生长、较低的库伦效率和巨大的体积形变等问题严重阻碍了金属锂负极的商业化应用进程。炭材料由于具有高电子迁移率、稳定的电化学性能、可调节的物理化学性质以及质量轻等特点,被认为是克服这些问题非常有前景的一种金属锂宿主/载体材料。基于此,作者讨论了炭宿主/载体调控和设计方面取得的最新进展,并基于炭材料单元维度变化,总结和讨论碳宿主/载体的锂亲和性改性策略及炭材料单元维度变化和锂亲和性调控与电化学性能的关系。最后,面向实用化可充电金属锂电池,提出高性能炭宿主/载体合理构建的发展方向和前景。展开更多
文摘Li metal chemistry is a promising alternative with a much higher energy density than that of state-of-the-art Li-ion counterparts. However, significant challenges including safety issues and poor cyclability have severely impeded Li metal technology from becoming viable. In recent years, nanotechnologies have become increasingly important in materials design and fabrication for Li metal anodes, contributing to major progress in the field. In this review, we first introduce the main achievements in Li metal battery systems fulfilled by nanotechnologies, particularly regarding Li metal anode design and protection, ultrastrong separator engineering, safety monitoring, and smart functions. Next, we introduce recent studies on nanoscale Li nucleation/deposition. Finally, we discuss possible future research directions. We hope this review delivers an overall picture of the role of nanoscale approaches in the recent progress of Li metal battery technology and inspires more research in the future.
基金supported by the Opening Project(SKLACPS-C-21)of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Source,Guizhou Meiling Power Sources Co.,Ltd.the Program for Innovative and Entrepreneurial team in Zhuhai(ZH01110405160007PWC).
文摘Lithium metal anode is a promising electrode with high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential.However,its unstable interface and low Coulombic efficiency,resulting from the dendritic growth of lithium,limits its commercial application.PIM-1(PIM:polymer of intrinsic microporosity),which is a polymer with abundant micropores,exhibits high rigidity and flexibility with contorted spirocenters in the backbone,and is an ideal candidate for artificial solid electrolyte interphases(SEI).In this work,a PIM-1 membrane was synthesized and fabricated as a protective membrane on the surface of an electrode to facilitate the uniform flux of Li ions and act as a stable interface for the lithium plating/stripping process.Nodule-like lithium with rounded edges was observed under the PIM-1 membrane.The Li@PIM-1 electrode delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency(99.7%),excellent cyclability(80%capacity retention rate after 600 cycles at 1 C),and superior rate capability(125.3 m Ah g-1 at 10 C).Electrochemical impedance spectrum(EIS)showed that the PIM-1 membrane could lower the diffusion rate of Li+significantly and change the rate-determining step from charge transfer to Li+diffusion.Thus,the PIM-1 membrane is proven to act as an artificial SEI to facilitate uniform and stable deposition of lithium,in favor of obtaining a compact and dense Li-plating pattern.This work extends the application of PIMs in the field of lithium batteries and provides ideas for the construction of artificial SEI.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20174,51722210 and 51972285)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY17E0202010,LD18E020003 and LQ20E030012)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2020R01002).
文摘为发展下一代高性能电池,具有超高比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低氧化还原电位(相对于标准氢电极(SHE)-3.04 V)的金属锂负极已成为广泛研究的热点。然而,不可控的枝晶生长、较低的库伦效率和巨大的体积形变等问题严重阻碍了金属锂负极的商业化应用进程。炭材料由于具有高电子迁移率、稳定的电化学性能、可调节的物理化学性质以及质量轻等特点,被认为是克服这些问题非常有前景的一种金属锂宿主/载体材料。基于此,作者讨论了炭宿主/载体调控和设计方面取得的最新进展,并基于炭材料单元维度变化,总结和讨论碳宿主/载体的锂亲和性改性策略及炭材料单元维度变化和锂亲和性调控与电化学性能的关系。最后,面向实用化可充电金属锂电池,提出高性能炭宿主/载体合理构建的发展方向和前景。
