In this study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 （rDNA-ITS 1） gene, isolated from five artificial populations of L...In this study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 （rDNA-ITS 1） gene, isolated from five artificial populations of Liriomyza sativae （Diptera： Agromyzidae）, were sequenced and compared, to analyze their genetic variation. Analysis of the mtDNA-CO1 gene showed that a low genetic variation was detected among the five populations and only five variable sites were found in the nucleotide sequences. Most of the observed variations that occurred within the populations were because of nucleotide transitions, whereas, the interpopulation variation was because of the differences in haplotype frequencies occurring among the host populations. Analysis of the rDNA-ITS1 gene revealed a small diversity in the five host populations. The trend of genetic differentiation in the host populations was consistent with the preference of L. sativae to the plant hosts.展开更多
7 hymenopterous species have been confirmed by the present study as parasites of Liriomyza sativat in the Nanchang area. These parasites will also porasitize the pea leaf-miner, Phytomyza horticola,except Chrysonotomy...7 hymenopterous species have been confirmed by the present study as parasites of Liriomyza sativat in the Nanchang area. These parasites will also porasitize the pea leaf-miner, Phytomyza horticola,except Chrysonotomyia okazakii and Hemiptarsenus varicornis. All of them are larval or larval -pupal purasites and no egg parasite and no egg parasite and pupal parasite has been reared. Opius sp. Diglyphus isaea, Chrysocharis pentheus are the dominant species among the parasites of the Liriomyza sativae as well as the pea leaf-miner in Nanchang area, but there is no effective parasite complex to control Liriomyza sativae as pea leaf miner. The climate and foods are very appropriate to arise the number of Liriomyza sativae in May to Oseptember. According to the investigation in the field, the Liviomyza sativae and its plant of alternative host never find out in winter, in Nanchang area.展开更多
Reproduction and population parameters of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were measured on cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） at seven constant temperatures （10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃）. No eggs w...Reproduction and population parameters of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were measured on cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） at seven constant temperatures （10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃）. No eggs were found at 10℃ and flies died after exposure to 40℃. The significantly highest intrinsic rate of natural increase （rm）, net reproductive rate （R0） and finite rate of increase （λ） ofL. sativae were obtained at 25℃ as 0.196, 52.452, and 1.216, respectively. The above-mentioned parameters decreased at 15℃ and 135℃ and this reduction at 35℃ was strong. Doubling time （DT） varied significantly with temperature. The shortest doubling time was obtained at 25℃. Mean generation time （T） decreased significantly with increasing temperature between 15℃ and 35℃. Percentage of immature ages in the stable age distribution was more than 95% at all temperatures. Female longevity was greater than male at all temperatures. Liriomyza sativae lived for a long time at 15℃, whereas at 35℃ had lower survival rates. The effect of temperature on reproduction, especially the intrinsic rate of increase of L. sativae would be useful for predicting its longterm population fluctuation over several generations.展开更多
To analyze the genetic differentiation of the host- and geo-populations of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, the β-tubulin gene of 5 host-populations and 6 geo-populations of L. sativae was sequenced. Subsequently, the se...To analyze the genetic differentiation of the host- and geo-populations of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, the β-tubulin gene of 5 host-populations and 6 geo-populations of L. sativae was sequenced. Subsequently, the sequences were analyzed by biosoftware DNAStar and MEGA, and the phylogenetic trees constructed. The results obtained by the two softwares were similar, that is, the sequences of β-tubulin gene were more than 98% homologous, among the host- and geo-populations of L. sativae, with only 8 variable sites, but no insertions and deletions were detected. It seems that differentiations in β-tubulin gene among the host- and geo-populations of L. sativae are related to the hobby to hosts and the geographical distributions, respectively.展开更多
Liriomyza huidobrensis （Blanchard） is an important vegetable pest of pathology. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction of Liriomyza huidobrensis and to control the Liriomyza huidobrensis effectively, this pa...Liriomyza huidobrensis （Blanchard） is an important vegetable pest of pathology. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction of Liriomyza huidobrensis and to control the Liriomyza huidobrensis effectively, this paper presents a new prediction model by principal components analysis （PCA） and back propagation artificial neural network （BP-ANN） methods. The historical data from 1999 to 2007 on population occurrence are analyzed in order to find out a non-linear relationship between the pest occurrence and the meteorological factors. And then by using analysis results, the prediction model of Liriomyza huidobrensis occurrence in Jianshui in Yunnan is built. The new model has successfully applied to verify the paddy stem borer population occurrence in 2006. Test results show that the new prediction model with BP-ANN and PCA can improve the prediction accuracy.展开更多
Abamectin resistance was selected in the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae （Blanchard） （Diptera： Agromyzidae） under laboratory conditions, and cross- resistance patterns and possible resistance mechanisms in...Abamectin resistance was selected in the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae （Blanchard） （Diptera： Agromyzidae） under laboratory conditions, and cross- resistance patterns and possible resistance mechanisms in the abamectin-resistant strains （AL-R, AF-R） were investigated. Compared with the susceptible strain （SS）, strain AL-R displayed 39-fold resistance to abamectin after 20 selection cycles during 25 generations, and strain AF-R exhibited 59-fold resistance to abamectin after 16 selection cycles during 22 generations. No cross-resistance to cyromazine was found in both abamectin-resistant strains. However, we failed to select for cyromazine resistance in L. sativae under laboratory conditions by conducting 17 selection cycles during 22 generations. However, moderate levels of cross-resistance to abamectin （6-9 fold） were observed in strains which received cyromazine treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity in both abamectin-resistant strains （AL-R, AF-R） was significantly higher than in the susceptible strain （SS）, suggesting metabolically driven resistance to abamectinin L. sativae. Recommendations of mixtures or rotation of cyromazine and abamectin should be considered carefully, as consecutive cyromazine treatments may select for low-level cross-resistance to abamectin.展开更多
Functional response of a solitary, larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza leafminers, Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley, was estimated on Liriomyza trifolii Burgess at three temperatures （17℃, 25℃, 29℃ ） and host de...Functional response of a solitary, larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza leafminers, Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley, was estimated on Liriomyza trifolii Burgess at three temperatures （17℃, 25℃, 29℃ ） and host densities. A type Ⅱ random parasitoid equation （RPE） was used to estimate instantaneous search rate and handling time. The instantaneous search rate increased as temperature increased. All of the RPE regressions obtained for functional response of G. utilis at different temperatures were significant （P〈0.01）. The slope of RPE regression lines was lower across the temperatures. At 29±2℃, the maximum number of larvae parasitized was 7.8 per day. It decreased to 7.2 larvae parasitized at 25±2℃. At 17±2℃, no significant increment of parasitization was observed due to the host density increments. The estimated handling time was lowest at 17±2℃ and highest at 25 ± 2℃, respectively. The ability of G. utilis to find and parasitize L. trifolii over a wide range of temperatures makes them a good candidate for biological control of Liriomyza leafminers.展开更多
[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrat...[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.展开更多
The pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is a notorious pest of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on its biology and ecology, the courtship behavior and sexual communicati...The pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is a notorious pest of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on its biology and ecology, the courtship behavior and sexual communication of this species remain unclear. Here, we studied vibrational communication in the sexual interaction of the pea leafminer. On host plant leaves, females and males behaviorally displayed the bobbing-quivering alternation, which finally led to copulation. Moreover, records of laser vibrometry revealed threesignal duets underlying the behavioral alternation. Sexually mature males spontaneously emitted calls (MCs) to initiate the duets. The females rapidly responded to MCs by emitting replies (FRs) that are longer in duration. The FRs further triggered male replies (MRs) in their search for potential partners. Leafminer-produced vibrational signals convey efficient information to partners and generate pair formation on stretched substrates, such as plant leaves and nylon mesh, but cannot elicit responses on dense substrates, such as glass and plastic. Vibrational playbacks of both MCs and FRs can elicit replies in females and males, respectively. This study completely characterizes substrate-borne vibrational duets in a dipteran insect. The discovery of vibrational sex signals in the pea leafminer provides new insights for the development of novel approaches to control the pest and its relative species.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370932)the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB102002)the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests,China.
文摘In this study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 （rDNA-ITS 1） gene, isolated from five artificial populations of Liriomyza sativae （Diptera： Agromyzidae）, were sequenced and compared, to analyze their genetic variation. Analysis of the mtDNA-CO1 gene showed that a low genetic variation was detected among the five populations and only five variable sites were found in the nucleotide sequences. Most of the observed variations that occurred within the populations were because of nucleotide transitions, whereas, the interpopulation variation was because of the differences in haplotype frequencies occurring among the host populations. Analysis of the rDNA-ITS1 gene revealed a small diversity in the five host populations. The trend of genetic differentiation in the host populations was consistent with the preference of L. sativae to the plant hosts.
文摘7 hymenopterous species have been confirmed by the present study as parasites of Liriomyza sativat in the Nanchang area. These parasites will also porasitize the pea leaf-miner, Phytomyza horticola,except Chrysonotomyia okazakii and Hemiptarsenus varicornis. All of them are larval or larval -pupal purasites and no egg parasite and no egg parasite and pupal parasite has been reared. Opius sp. Diglyphus isaea, Chrysocharis pentheus are the dominant species among the parasites of the Liriomyza sativae as well as the pea leaf-miner in Nanchang area, but there is no effective parasite complex to control Liriomyza sativae as pea leaf miner. The climate and foods are very appropriate to arise the number of Liriomyza sativae in May to Oseptember. According to the investigation in the field, the Liviomyza sativae and its plant of alternative host never find out in winter, in Nanchang area.
文摘Reproduction and population parameters of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were measured on cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） at seven constant temperatures （10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40℃）. No eggs were found at 10℃ and flies died after exposure to 40℃. The significantly highest intrinsic rate of natural increase （rm）, net reproductive rate （R0） and finite rate of increase （λ） ofL. sativae were obtained at 25℃ as 0.196, 52.452, and 1.216, respectively. The above-mentioned parameters decreased at 15℃ and 135℃ and this reduction at 35℃ was strong. Doubling time （DT） varied significantly with temperature. The shortest doubling time was obtained at 25℃. Mean generation time （T） decreased significantly with increasing temperature between 15℃ and 35℃. Percentage of immature ages in the stable age distribution was more than 95% at all temperatures. Female longevity was greater than male at all temperatures. Liriomyza sativae lived for a long time at 15℃, whereas at 35℃ had lower survival rates. The effect of temperature on reproduction, especially the intrinsic rate of increase of L. sativae would be useful for predicting its longterm population fluctuation over several generations.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370932)973 Project of China(2006CB102002).
文摘To analyze the genetic differentiation of the host- and geo-populations of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, the β-tubulin gene of 5 host-populations and 6 geo-populations of L. sativae was sequenced. Subsequently, the sequences were analyzed by biosoftware DNAStar and MEGA, and the phylogenetic trees constructed. The results obtained by the two softwares were similar, that is, the sequences of β-tubulin gene were more than 98% homologous, among the host- and geo-populations of L. sativae, with only 8 variable sites, but no insertions and deletions were detected. It seems that differentiations in β-tubulin gene among the host- and geo-populations of L. sativae are related to the hobby to hosts and the geographical distributions, respectively.
基金supported by the Mega-Projection of National Key Technology R & D Program for the 11th Five-Year Plan under Grant No.2006BAD10A14
文摘Liriomyza huidobrensis （Blanchard） is an important vegetable pest of pathology. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction of Liriomyza huidobrensis and to control the Liriomyza huidobrensis effectively, this paper presents a new prediction model by principal components analysis （PCA） and back propagation artificial neural network （BP-ANN） methods. The historical data from 1999 to 2007 on population occurrence are analyzed in order to find out a non-linear relationship between the pest occurrence and the meteorological factors. And then by using analysis results, the prediction model of Liriomyza huidobrensis occurrence in Jianshui in Yunnan is built. The new model has successfully applied to verify the paddy stem borer population occurrence in 2006. Test results show that the new prediction model with BP-ANN and PCA can improve the prediction accuracy.
文摘Abamectin resistance was selected in the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae （Blanchard） （Diptera： Agromyzidae） under laboratory conditions, and cross- resistance patterns and possible resistance mechanisms in the abamectin-resistant strains （AL-R, AF-R） were investigated. Compared with the susceptible strain （SS）, strain AL-R displayed 39-fold resistance to abamectin after 20 selection cycles during 25 generations, and strain AF-R exhibited 59-fold resistance to abamectin after 16 selection cycles during 22 generations. No cross-resistance to cyromazine was found in both abamectin-resistant strains. However, we failed to select for cyromazine resistance in L. sativae under laboratory conditions by conducting 17 selection cycles during 22 generations. However, moderate levels of cross-resistance to abamectin （6-9 fold） were observed in strains which received cyromazine treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity in both abamectin-resistant strains （AL-R, AF-R） was significantly higher than in the susceptible strain （SS）, suggesting metabolically driven resistance to abamectinin L. sativae. Recommendations of mixtures or rotation of cyromazine and abamectin should be considered carefully, as consecutive cyromazine treatments may select for low-level cross-resistance to abamectin.
文摘Functional response of a solitary, larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza leafminers, Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley, was estimated on Liriomyza trifolii Burgess at three temperatures （17℃, 25℃, 29℃ ） and host densities. A type Ⅱ random parasitoid equation （RPE） was used to estimate instantaneous search rate and handling time. The instantaneous search rate increased as temperature increased. All of the RPE regressions obtained for functional response of G. utilis at different temperatures were significant （P〈0.01）. The slope of RPE regression lines was lower across the temperatures. At 29±2℃, the maximum number of larvae parasitized was 7.8 per day. It decreased to 7.2 larvae parasitized at 25±2℃. At 17±2℃, no significant increment of parasitization was observed due to the host density increments. The estimated handling time was lowest at 17±2℃ and highest at 25 ± 2℃, respectively. The ability of G. utilis to find and parasitize L. trifolii over a wide range of temperatures makes them a good candidate for biological control of Liriomyza leafminers.
基金Supported by Development Program of Misereor Foundation of Germany(335-0311028Z)~~
文摘[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDB11050600)the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC1200600)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31170361).
文摘The pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is a notorious pest of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on its biology and ecology, the courtship behavior and sexual communication of this species remain unclear. Here, we studied vibrational communication in the sexual interaction of the pea leafminer. On host plant leaves, females and males behaviorally displayed the bobbing-quivering alternation, which finally led to copulation. Moreover, records of laser vibrometry revealed threesignal duets underlying the behavioral alternation. Sexually mature males spontaneously emitted calls (MCs) to initiate the duets. The females rapidly responded to MCs by emitting replies (FRs) that are longer in duration. The FRs further triggered male replies (MRs) in their search for potential partners. Leafminer-produced vibrational signals convey efficient information to partners and generate pair formation on stretched substrates, such as plant leaves and nylon mesh, but cannot elicit responses on dense substrates, such as glass and plastic. Vibrational playbacks of both MCs and FRs can elicit replies in females and males, respectively. This study completely characterizes substrate-borne vibrational duets in a dipteran insect. The discovery of vibrational sex signals in the pea leafminer provides new insights for the development of novel approaches to control the pest and its relative species.
