At the beginning of 1990s, Shougang blast furnaces （BFs） No. 2, No. 4, No. 3 and No. 1 were rebuilt se quently for new technological modernization in succession. The campaign life of BFs No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 reach...At the beginning of 1990s, Shougang blast furnaces （BFs） No. 2, No. 4, No. 3 and No. 1 were rebuilt se quently for new technological modernization in succession. The campaign life of BFs No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 reaches 16.4, 17.6 and 15.6 years, respectively, and the hot metal output of one campaign reaches 33.8, 35.48 and 26.37 Mt, respectively; the hot metal output of BF effective volume of one campaign reaches 13328, 13991 and 12560 t/m^3, respectively, which reaches the international advanced level of BF high efficiency and long campaign life. In BF desig-ning, several advanced BF long campaign technologies were adopted. BF proper inner profile was optimized, reasona- ble inner profile was adopted, and closed circulating soften water cooling technology was applied in 4 BFs. Double row cooling pipe high efficiency cooling stave was developed which could prolong the service life of bosh, belly and stack. Hot pressed carbon brick and ceramic cup hearth lining structure were applied and optimized. BF operation was improved continuously to ensure stable and smooth operation of BF. Hearth working condition control was strengthened, burden distribution control technology was applied to achieve reasonable distribution of gas flow, and heat load monitoring was strengthened to maintain BF reasonable working inner profile. Proper maintenance at the end of BF campaign was enhanced. Hearth and bottom service life was prolonged by adding titaniferous material and enhancing hearth cooling. Gunning of lining was carried out periodically for the area above tuyere zone.展开更多
The utilization of industrial solid waste for metal recovery requires high-temperature tools due to the presence of silica and alumina, which is reducible at high temperature. In a plasma arc furnace, transferred arc ...The utilization of industrial solid waste for metal recovery requires high-temperature tools due to the presence of silica and alumina, which is reducible at high temperature. In a plasma arc furnace, transferred arc plasma furnace（TAP） can meet all requirements, but the disadvantage of this technology is the high cost. For performing experiments in the laboratory, the TAP was fabricated indigenously in a laboratory based on the different inputs provided in the literature for the furnace design and fabrication. The observed parameters such as arc length, energy consumption, graphite electrode consumption, noise level as well as lining erosion were characterized for this fabricated furnace. The nitrogen plasma increased by around 200 K（200 ℃） melt temperature and noise levels decreased by ~10 d B compared to a normal arc.Hydrogen plasma offered 100 K（100 ℃） higher melt temperature with ~5 d B higher sound level than nitrogen plasma. Nitrogen plasma arc melting showed lower electrode and energy consumption than normal arc melting, whereas hydrogen plasma showed lower energy consumption and higher electrode consumption in comparison to nitrogen plasma. The higher plasma arc temperature resulted in a shorter meltdown time than normal arc with smoother arcing. Hydrogen plasma permitted more heats, reduced meltdown time, and lower energy consumption, but with increased graphite consumption and crucible wear. The present study showed that the fabricated arc plasma is better than the normal arc furnace with respect to temperature generation, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it could be used effectively for smelting-reduction studies.展开更多
文摘At the beginning of 1990s, Shougang blast furnaces （BFs） No. 2, No. 4, No. 3 and No. 1 were rebuilt se quently for new technological modernization in succession. The campaign life of BFs No. 1, No. 3 and No. 4 reaches 16.4, 17.6 and 15.6 years, respectively, and the hot metal output of one campaign reaches 33.8, 35.48 and 26.37 Mt, respectively; the hot metal output of BF effective volume of one campaign reaches 13328, 13991 and 12560 t/m^3, respectively, which reaches the international advanced level of BF high efficiency and long campaign life. In BF desig-ning, several advanced BF long campaign technologies were adopted. BF proper inner profile was optimized, reasona- ble inner profile was adopted, and closed circulating soften water cooling technology was applied in 4 BFs. Double row cooling pipe high efficiency cooling stave was developed which could prolong the service life of bosh, belly and stack. Hot pressed carbon brick and ceramic cup hearth lining structure were applied and optimized. BF operation was improved continuously to ensure stable and smooth operation of BF. Hearth working condition control was strengthened, burden distribution control technology was applied to achieve reasonable distribution of gas flow, and heat load monitoring was strengthened to maintain BF reasonable working inner profile. Proper maintenance at the end of BF campaign was enhanced. Hearth and bottom service life was prolonged by adding titaniferous material and enhancing hearth cooling. Gunning of lining was carried out periodically for the area above tuyere zone.
文摘The utilization of industrial solid waste for metal recovery requires high-temperature tools due to the presence of silica and alumina, which is reducible at high temperature. In a plasma arc furnace, transferred arc plasma furnace（TAP） can meet all requirements, but the disadvantage of this technology is the high cost. For performing experiments in the laboratory, the TAP was fabricated indigenously in a laboratory based on the different inputs provided in the literature for the furnace design and fabrication. The observed parameters such as arc length, energy consumption, graphite electrode consumption, noise level as well as lining erosion were characterized for this fabricated furnace. The nitrogen plasma increased by around 200 K（200 ℃） melt temperature and noise levels decreased by ~10 d B compared to a normal arc.Hydrogen plasma offered 100 K（100 ℃） higher melt temperature with ~5 d B higher sound level than nitrogen plasma. Nitrogen plasma arc melting showed lower electrode and energy consumption than normal arc melting, whereas hydrogen plasma showed lower energy consumption and higher electrode consumption in comparison to nitrogen plasma. The higher plasma arc temperature resulted in a shorter meltdown time than normal arc with smoother arcing. Hydrogen plasma permitted more heats, reduced meltdown time, and lower energy consumption, but with increased graphite consumption and crucible wear. The present study showed that the fabricated arc plasma is better than the normal arc furnace with respect to temperature generation, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it could be used effectively for smelting-reduction studies.
