A sliding mode control design for a miniature unmanned helicopter is presented. The control objective is to let the helicopter track some predefined velocity and yaw trajectories. A new sliding mode control design met...A sliding mode control design for a miniature unmanned helicopter is presented. The control objective is to let the helicopter track some predefined velocity and yaw trajectories. A new sliding mode control design method is developed based on a linearized dynamic model. In order to facilitate the control design, the helicopter＇s dynamic model is divided into two subsystems,such as the longitudinal-lateral and the heading-heave subsystem. The proposed controller employs sliding mode control technique to compensate for the immeasurable flapping angles＇ dynamic effects and external disturbances. The global asymptotic stability（GAS） of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov based stability analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve superior tracking performance compared with the proportionalintegral-derivative（PID） and linear-quadratic regulator（LQR） cascaded controller in the presence of wind gust disturbances.展开更多
This paper is concerned with numerical solutions of time-fractional nonlinear parabolic problems by a class of L1-Galerkin finite element methods.The analysis of L1 methods for time-fractional nonlinear problems is li...This paper is concerned with numerical solutions of time-fractional nonlinear parabolic problems by a class of L1-Galerkin finite element methods.The analysis of L1 methods for time-fractional nonlinear problems is limited mainly due to the lack of a fundamental Gronwall type inequality.In this paper,we establish such a fundamental inequality for the L1 approximation to the Caputo fractional derivative.In terms of the Gronwall type inequality,we provide optimal error estimates of several fully discrete linearized Galerkin finite element methods for nonlinear problems.The theoretical results are illustrated by applying our proposed methods to the time fractional nonlinear Huxley equation and time fractional Fisher equation.展开更多
We consider a wide range of non-convex regularized minimization problems, where the non-convex regularization term is composite with a linear function engaged in sparse learning. Recent theoretical investigations have...We consider a wide range of non-convex regularized minimization problems, where the non-convex regularization term is composite with a linear function engaged in sparse learning. Recent theoretical investigations have demonstrated their superiority over their convex counterparts. The computational challenge lies in the fact that the proximal mapping associated with non-convex regularization is not easily obtained due to the imposed linear composition. Fortunately, the problem structure allows one to introduce an auxiliary variable and reformulate it as an optimization problem with linear constraints, which can be solved using the Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers （LADMM）. Despite the success of LADMM in practice, it remains unknown whether LADMM is convergent in solving such non-convex compositely regularized optimizations. In this research, we first present a detailed convergence analysis of the LADMM algorithm for solving a non-convex compositely regularized optimization problem with a large class of non-convex penalties. Furthermore, we propose an Adaptive LADMM （AdaLADMM） algorithm with a line-search criterion. Experimental results on different genres of datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
The electronic structures and magnetism of Fe nanowires along the [110] direction on Cu（001） and Ag（001） [Fe（nw）/Cu（001） and Fe（nw）/Ag（001）] are investigated by using the all-electron full-potential linear...The electronic structures and magnetism of Fe nanowires along the [110] direction on Cu（001） and Ag（001） [Fe（nw）/Cu（001） and Fe（nw）/Ag（001）] are investigated by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the generalized gradient approximation. It is found that the magnetic moment of Fe atom for the Fe（nw）/Cu（001） is 2.99#B, which is slightly smaller than that （3.02μB） for the Fe（nw）/Ag（001） but much larger than that （2.22μB） for the bcc iron. The great enhancement of magnetic moment in the Fe nanowires can be explained by the Fe d-band narrowing and enhancement of the spin-splitting due to a reduction in coordination number, From the calculated spin-polarized layer-projected density of states, it is found that the Fe 3d-states are strongly hybridized with the adjacent Cu 3d-states in the Fe（nw）/Cu（001）, and there exists a strong hybridization between the Fe sp-and the adjacent Ag 4d-states in the Fe（nw）/Ag（001）.展开更多
Physicists possess an intuitive awareness of Euclidian space and time and Galilean transformation, and are then challenged with Minkowski space-time and Einstein’s curved space-time. Relativistic experiments support ...Physicists possess an intuitive awareness of Euclidian space and time and Galilean transformation, and are then challenged with Minkowski space-time and Einstein’s curved space-time. Relativistic experiments support the “time-dilation” interpretation and others support “curved space-time” interpretation. In this, and related work, we investigate the key issues in terms of the intuitive space-time frame. In particular, we provide alternative approaches to explain “time dilation” and to explain the energy density for gravity systems. We approach the latter problem from an information perspective.展开更多
The electronic density of states and band structures of doped and un-doped anatase TiO2 were studied by the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method based on the density functional theory. The calculation shows that the...The electronic density of states and band structures of doped and un-doped anatase TiO2 were studied by the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method based on the density functional theory. The calculation shows that the band structures of TiO2 crystals doped with transition metal atoms become narrower. Interesting, an excursion towards high energy level with increasing atomic number in the same element period could be observed after doping with transition metal atoms.展开更多
This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)time integration methods combined with either...This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)time integration methods combined with either finite difference(FD)or local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)spatial discretization.We analyze the stability of the fully discrete scheme,on a uniform mesh with periodic boundary conditions,using the Fourier method.For the linearized KdV equation,the IMEX schemes are stable under the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)conditionτ≤λh.Here,λis the CFL number,τis the time-step size,and h is the spatial mesh size.We study several IMEX schemes and characterize their CFL number as a function ofθ=d/h^(2)with d being the dispersion coefficient,which leads to several interesting observations.We also investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the CFL number for sufficiently refined meshes and derive the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the IMEX-RK methods.Some numerical experiments are provided in the paper to illustrate the performance of IMEX methods under different time-step constraints.展开更多
The focus of this paper is on two novel linearized Crank-Nicolson schemes with nonconforming quadrilateral finite element methods(FEMs)for the nonlinear coupled Schrodinger-Helmholtz equations.Optimal L^(2) and H^(1) ...The focus of this paper is on two novel linearized Crank-Nicolson schemes with nonconforming quadrilateral finite element methods(FEMs)for the nonlinear coupled Schrodinger-Helmholtz equations.Optimal L^(2) and H^(1) estimates of orders O(h^(2)+τ^(2))and O(h^(2)+τ^(2))are derived respectively without any grid-ratio condition through the following two keys.One is that a time-discrete system is introduced to split the error into the temporal error and the spatial error,which leads to optimal temporal error estimates of order O(τ^(2))in L^(2) and the broken H^(1)-norms,as well as the uniform boundness of numerical solutions in L^(∞) norm.The other is that a novel projection is utilized,which can iron out the difficulty of the existence of the consistency errors.This leads to derive optimal spatial error estimates of orders O(h^(2))in L^(2)-norm and O(h)in the broken H^(1)-norm under the H^(2) regularity of the solutions for the time-discrete system.At last,two numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis.Here,h is the subdivision parameter,and τ is the time step.展开更多
The definition of a reference state close to the realistic atmosphere in an atmospheric model is essential for deriving prognostic deviations and improving numerical accuracy.In this study,a new dynamical framework al...The definition of a reference state close to the realistic atmosphere in an atmospheric model is essential for deriving prognostic deviations and improving numerical accuracy.In this study,a new dynamical framework allowing easy switching between a one-dimensional(1D)and a three-dimensional(3D)time-independent reference state is developed for the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian solver in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model on Yin–Yang grids.The 3D reference state is introduced with consideration of additional horizontal gradient terms of referencestate terms,which is different from the 1D reference state.It is characterized by reduced magnitude of deviations,more accurate pressure gradient force,as well as alleviated numerical noise.Four idealized benchmark tests and multiple full-physics real-case forecasts are carried out to assess the impact of the 3D and 1D reference states.The 3D reference state shows significant advantages in the simulation of atmospheric transport and wave propagation in the idealized experiments.In the real-case forecasts,batched forecasts from June to August 2021 show a comprehensive improvement in medium-range prediction by using the 3D reference state.The new scheme achieves an enhanced prediction skill for large-scale circulation and extends the effective forecast period by 0.8 days in the Northern Hemisphere.展开更多
The effect of Cd impurity on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hydrogen-terminated AlN nanoribbons with zigzag edges （ZAINNRs） was in- vestigate using the band structure results obtained through th...The effect of Cd impurity on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hydrogen-terminated AlN nanoribbons with zigzag edges （ZAINNRs） was in- vestigate using the band structure results obtained through the full potential linearized augmented plane wave （FP- LAPW） method within the density functional theory （DFT）. The exchange correlation potential was treated by the generalized gradient approximation within the Perdew scheme. The calculated results show that the H-terminated zigzag AlN nanoribbon is semiconducting and nonmag- netic material with a direct band gap of about 2.78 eV, while the Cd-doped H-terminated ZAlNNR structures show complete （100 %） spin polarization very close to the Fermi level, which will result in spin-anisotropic transport. The charge transport is totally dominated by Cd spin down electrons in the H-terminated ZAlNNR. These results suggest potential applications for the development of using the A1N nanoribbons in nanoelectronics and magnetoelec-tronic devices as a base.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of atomic disorder on the electronic structure, magnetism, and half-metallicity of full-Heusler Co2FeSi alloy by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method withi...This paper investigates the effect of atomic disorder on the electronic structure, magnetism, and half-metallicity of full-Heusler Co2FeSi alloy by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and GGA-kU schemes. It considers three types of atomic disorders in Co2FeSi alloy： the Co-Fe, Co-Si, and Fe-Si disorders. Total energy calculations show that of the three types of disorders, the Fe-Si disorder is more likely to occur. It finds that for the Co Si disorder, additional states appear in the minority band-gap at the EF and the half-metallcity is substantially destroyed, regardless of the disorder level. On the other hand, the Co-Fe and Fe-Si disorders have little effect on the half-metallicity at a low disorder level. When increasing the disorder levels, the half-metallcity is destroyed at about 9 % of the Co-Fe disorder level, while that stays at 25 % of the Fe-Si disorder level.展开更多
A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin i...A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin ionic conductor films are obtained from the three-dimensional(3D) equations by power series expansions in the film thickness coordinate, retaining the lower-order equations. The thin-film equations for ionic conductors are combined with similar equations for one thin dielectric film to derive the 2D equations of thin sandwich films composed of a dielectric layer and two ionic conductor layers. A sandwich film in the literature, as an ionic cable, is analyzed as an example of the equations obtained in this paper. The numerical results show the effect of diffusion in addition to the conduction treated in the literature. The obtained theoretical model including both conduction and diffusion phenomena can be used to investigate the performance of ionic-conductor devices with any frequency.展开更多
In this paper, we prove that, under appropriate hypotheses, the odd-order nonlinear neutral delay differential equation has the same oscillatory character as the associated linear equation with periodic coefficients O...In this paper, we prove that, under appropriate hypotheses, the odd-order nonlinear neutral delay differential equation has the same oscillatory character as the associated linear equation with periodic coefficients Our method is based on the establishment of a new comparison theorem for the oscillation of Eq.(E). Hence we prove that the parameter set such that Eq.(E) has a nonoscillatory solution is closed in certain metric space, and avoid the difficulty to set the necessary and sufficient condition for the oscillation of Eq.(E).展开更多
Small signal stability analysis is conducted for an asymmetrical six-phase synchronous motor in comparison with its equivalent three-phase counterpart.For this purpose,a linearized model of the six-phase synchronous m...Small signal stability analysis is conducted for an asymmetrical six-phase synchronous motor in comparison with its equivalent three-phase counterpart.For this purpose,a linearized model of the six-phase synchronous motor is developed using the dq0 approach,which is used in eigenvalue criteria to determine absolute stability in comparison with its equivalent three-phase counterpart.The analysis includes a comparison of the variation in evaluated eigenvalues associated with the stator and rotor sides according to changes in both the three and six-phase machine parameters and working conditions.Key analytical results are experimentally investigated and validated on a test rig.展开更多
The flow-induced noise is simulated with a hybrid method.Firstly,a steady-state background flow field is given by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations with finite volume(FV)method on structured grid....The flow-induced noise is simulated with a hybrid method.Firstly,a steady-state background flow field is given by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations with finite volume(FV)method on structured grid.Then the linearized Euler equations(LEE)can be constructed based on the resulted background flow field,where the source term on the right hand side is computed using stochastic noise generation and radiation(SNGR)method.Finally,the unsteady acoustic field is obtained through solving LEE using high-order discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method on unstructured grid,where the parallel computing based on mesh partitioning and a″Quadrature-Free Implementation″method for high-order DG are employed to accelerate the computation.In order to demonstrate the sound propagation in detail,a visualization method for high-order schemes is also developed here.Moreover,in order to test the validation and the accuracy,a 3D cavity test in comparison with the experimental data is displayed first in this paper,then a 3D high-lift wing is also simulated to demonstrate its capability for very complex geometries.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.14JCZDJC31900)
文摘A sliding mode control design for a miniature unmanned helicopter is presented. The control objective is to let the helicopter track some predefined velocity and yaw trajectories. A new sliding mode control design method is developed based on a linearized dynamic model. In order to facilitate the control design, the helicopter＇s dynamic model is divided into two subsystems,such as the longitudinal-lateral and the heading-heave subsystem. The proposed controller employs sliding mode control technique to compensate for the immeasurable flapping angles＇ dynamic effects and external disturbances. The global asymptotic stability（GAS） of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov based stability analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve superior tracking performance compared with the proportionalintegral-derivative（PID） and linear-quadratic regulator（LQR） cascaded controller in the presence of wind gust disturbances.
基金This work is supported by NSFC(Grant Nos.11771035,11771162,11571128,61473126,91430216,91530204,11372354 and U1530401),a grant from the RGC of HK 11300517,China(Project No.CityU 11302915),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant No.2016M602273,a grant DRA2015518 from 333 High-level Personal Training Project of Jiangsu Province,and the USA National Science Foundation grant DMS-1315259the USA Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-15-1-0001.Jiwei Zhang also thanks the hospitality of Hong Kong City University during the period of his visiting.
文摘This paper is concerned with numerical solutions of time-fractional nonlinear parabolic problems by a class of L1-Galerkin finite element methods.The analysis of L1 methods for time-fractional nonlinear problems is limited mainly due to the lack of a fundamental Gronwall type inequality.In this paper,we establish such a fundamental inequality for the L1 approximation to the Caputo fractional derivative.In terms of the Gronwall type inequality,we provide optimal error estimates of several fully discrete linearized Galerkin finite element methods for nonlinear problems.The theoretical results are illustrated by applying our proposed methods to the time fractional nonlinear Huxley equation and time fractional Fisher equation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61303264,61202482,and 61202488)Guangxi Cooperative Innovation Center of Cloud Computing and Big Data(No.YD16505)Distinguished Young Scientist Promotion of National University of Defense Technology
文摘We consider a wide range of non-convex regularized minimization problems, where the non-convex regularization term is composite with a linear function engaged in sparse learning. Recent theoretical investigations have demonstrated their superiority over their convex counterparts. The computational challenge lies in the fact that the proximal mapping associated with non-convex regularization is not easily obtained due to the imposed linear composition. Fortunately, the problem structure allows one to introduce an auxiliary variable and reformulate it as an optimization problem with linear constraints, which can be solved using the Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers （LADMM）. Despite the success of LADMM in practice, it remains unknown whether LADMM is convergent in solving such non-convex compositely regularized optimizations. In this research, we first present a detailed convergence analysis of the LADMM algorithm for solving a non-convex compositely regularized optimization problem with a large class of non-convex penalties. Furthermore, we propose an Adaptive LADMM （AdaLADMM） algorithm with a line-search criterion. Experimental results on different genres of datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
文摘The electronic structures and magnetism of Fe nanowires along the [110] direction on Cu（001） and Ag（001） [Fe（nw）/Cu（001） and Fe（nw）/Ag（001）] are investigated by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the generalized gradient approximation. It is found that the magnetic moment of Fe atom for the Fe（nw）/Cu（001） is 2.99#B, which is slightly smaller than that （3.02μB） for the Fe（nw）/Ag（001） but much larger than that （2.22μB） for the bcc iron. The great enhancement of magnetic moment in the Fe nanowires can be explained by the Fe d-band narrowing and enhancement of the spin-splitting due to a reduction in coordination number, From the calculated spin-polarized layer-projected density of states, it is found that the Fe 3d-states are strongly hybridized with the adjacent Cu 3d-states in the Fe（nw）/Cu（001）, and there exists a strong hybridization between the Fe sp-and the adjacent Ag 4d-states in the Fe（nw）/Ag（001）.
文摘Physicists possess an intuitive awareness of Euclidian space and time and Galilean transformation, and are then challenged with Minkowski space-time and Einstein’s curved space-time. Relativistic experiments support the “time-dilation” interpretation and others support “curved space-time” interpretation. In this, and related work, we investigate the key issues in terms of the intuitive space-time frame. In particular, we provide alternative approaches to explain “time dilation” and to explain the energy density for gravity systems. We approach the latter problem from an information perspective.
文摘The electronic density of states and band structures of doped and un-doped anatase TiO2 were studied by the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method based on the density functional theory. The calculation shows that the band structures of TiO2 crystals doped with transition metal atoms become narrower. Interesting, an excursion towards high energy level with increasing atomic number in the same element period could be observed after doping with transition metal atoms.
基金supported by the NSF under Grant DMS-2208391sponsored by the NSF under Grant DMS-1753581.
文摘This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)time integration methods combined with either finite difference(FD)or local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)spatial discretization.We analyze the stability of the fully discrete scheme,on a uniform mesh with periodic boundary conditions,using the Fourier method.For the linearized KdV equation,the IMEX schemes are stable under the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)conditionτ≤λh.Here,λis the CFL number,τis the time-step size,and h is the spatial mesh size.We study several IMEX schemes and characterize their CFL number as a function ofθ=d/h^(2)with d being the dispersion coefficient,which leads to several interesting observations.We also investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the CFL number for sufficiently refined meshes and derive the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the IMEX-RK methods.Some numerical experiments are provided in the paper to illustrate the performance of IMEX methods under different time-step constraints.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071443)by the Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities(Grant No.20B110013).
文摘The focus of this paper is on two novel linearized Crank-Nicolson schemes with nonconforming quadrilateral finite element methods(FEMs)for the nonlinear coupled Schrodinger-Helmholtz equations.Optimal L^(2) and H^(1) estimates of orders O(h^(2)+τ^(2))and O(h^(2)+τ^(2))are derived respectively without any grid-ratio condition through the following two keys.One is that a time-discrete system is introduced to split the error into the temporal error and the spatial error,which leads to optimal temporal error estimates of order O(τ^(2))in L^(2) and the broken H^(1)-norms,as well as the uniform boundness of numerical solutions in L^(∞) norm.The other is that a novel projection is utilized,which can iron out the difficulty of the existence of the consistency errors.This leads to derive optimal spatial error estimates of orders O(h^(2))in L^(2)-norm and O(h)in the broken H^(1)-norm under the H^(2) regularity of the solutions for the time-discrete system.At last,two numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis.Here,h is the subdivision parameter,and τ is the time step.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375153,42075151,and 42205157).
文摘The definition of a reference state close to the realistic atmosphere in an atmospheric model is essential for deriving prognostic deviations and improving numerical accuracy.In this study,a new dynamical framework allowing easy switching between a one-dimensional(1D)and a three-dimensional(3D)time-independent reference state is developed for the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian solver in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model on Yin–Yang grids.The 3D reference state is introduced with consideration of additional horizontal gradient terms of referencestate terms,which is different from the 1D reference state.It is characterized by reduced magnitude of deviations,more accurate pressure gradient force,as well as alleviated numerical noise.Four idealized benchmark tests and multiple full-physics real-case forecasts are carried out to assess the impact of the 3D and 1D reference states.The 3D reference state shows significant advantages in the simulation of atmospheric transport and wave propagation in the idealized experiments.In the real-case forecasts,batched forecasts from June to August 2021 show a comprehensive improvement in medium-range prediction by using the 3D reference state.The new scheme achieves an enhanced prediction skill for large-scale circulation and extends the effective forecast period by 0.8 days in the Northern Hemisphere.
基金financially supported by the Research of the Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi University(No. 92-1012)
文摘The effect of Cd impurity on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hydrogen-terminated AlN nanoribbons with zigzag edges （ZAINNRs） was in- vestigate using the band structure results obtained through the full potential linearized augmented plane wave （FP- LAPW） method within the density functional theory （DFT）. The exchange correlation potential was treated by the generalized gradient approximation within the Perdew scheme. The calculated results show that the H-terminated zigzag AlN nanoribbon is semiconducting and nonmag- netic material with a direct band gap of about 2.78 eV, while the Cd-doped H-terminated ZAlNNR structures show complete （100 %） spin polarization very close to the Fermi level, which will result in spin-anisotropic transport. The charge transport is totally dominated by Cd spin down electrons in the H-terminated ZAlNNR. These results suggest potential applications for the development of using the A1N nanoribbons in nanoelectronics and magnetoelec-tronic devices as a base.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10664005)
文摘This paper investigates the effect of atomic disorder on the electronic structure, magnetism, and half-metallicity of full-Heusler Co2FeSi alloy by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and GGA-kU schemes. It considers three types of atomic disorders in Co2FeSi alloy： the Co-Fe, Co-Si, and Fe-Si disorders. Total energy calculations show that of the three types of disorders, the Fe-Si disorder is more likely to occur. It finds that for the Co Si disorder, additional states appear in the minority band-gap at the EF and the half-metallcity is substantially destroyed, regardless of the disorder level. On the other hand, the Co-Fe and Fe-Si disorders have little effect on the half-metallicity at a low disorder level. When increasing the disorder levels, the half-metallcity is destroyed at about 9 % of the Co-Fe disorder level, while that stays at 25 % of the Fe-Si disorder level.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672265,11202182,and 11621062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2016QNA4026 and2016XZZX001-05)the Open Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Mechanical Engineering
文摘A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin ionic conductor films are obtained from the three-dimensional(3D) equations by power series expansions in the film thickness coordinate, retaining the lower-order equations. The thin-film equations for ionic conductors are combined with similar equations for one thin dielectric film to derive the 2D equations of thin sandwich films composed of a dielectric layer and two ionic conductor layers. A sandwich film in the literature, as an ionic cable, is analyzed as an example of the equations obtained in this paper. The numerical results show the effect of diffusion in addition to the conduction treated in the literature. The obtained theoretical model including both conduction and diffusion phenomena can be used to investigate the performance of ionic-conductor devices with any frequency.
文摘In this paper, we prove that, under appropriate hypotheses, the odd-order nonlinear neutral delay differential equation has the same oscillatory character as the associated linear equation with periodic coefficients Our method is based on the establishment of a new comparison theorem for the oscillation of Eq.(E). Hence we prove that the parameter set such that Eq.(E) has a nonoscillatory solution is closed in certain metric space, and avoid the difficulty to set the necessary and sufficient condition for the oscillation of Eq.(E).
文摘Small signal stability analysis is conducted for an asymmetrical six-phase synchronous motor in comparison with its equivalent three-phase counterpart.For this purpose,a linearized model of the six-phase synchronous motor is developed using the dq0 approach,which is used in eigenvalue criteria to determine absolute stability in comparison with its equivalent three-phase counterpart.The analysis includes a comparison of the variation in evaluated eigenvalues associated with the stator and rotor sides according to changes in both the three and six-phase machine parameters and working conditions.Key analytical results are experimentally investigated and validated on a test rig.
基金Supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20101552018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272152)
文摘The flow-induced noise is simulated with a hybrid method.Firstly,a steady-state background flow field is given by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations with finite volume(FV)method on structured grid.Then the linearized Euler equations(LEE)can be constructed based on the resulted background flow field,where the source term on the right hand side is computed using stochastic noise generation and radiation(SNGR)method.Finally,the unsteady acoustic field is obtained through solving LEE using high-order discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method on unstructured grid,where the parallel computing based on mesh partitioning and a″Quadrature-Free Implementation″method for high-order DG are employed to accelerate the computation.In order to demonstrate the sound propagation in detail,a visualization method for high-order schemes is also developed here.Moreover,in order to test the validation and the accuracy,a 3D cavity test in comparison with the experimental data is displayed first in this paper,then a 3D high-lift wing is also simulated to demonstrate its capability for very complex geometries.
