A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lig...A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in China.The 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field change.It was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation sources.The preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2×104 m/s.The stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial breakdown.Thereafter,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/s.The initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative streamer.These streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this study.The NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge region.As a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation sources.The source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 W.The 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in China.The possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.展开更多
介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电...介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电活动空间位置,并详细给出单次闪电的发展路径,在使用2个频段辐射波形参数进行定位的同时还可以保存原始波形用于深入研究。VHF、VLF/LF 2个频段闪电定位结果的时间分辨率分别为100?s和1ms,定位精度在站网覆盖范围可优于200m。2个频段的定位结果都能很好地描述雷暴中的闪电活动,但表现出的特征有一定差异。两频段定位结果对单个闪电发生路径进行描绘时,VLF/LF频段的大部分定位结果能与VHF定位结果重叠。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40775004)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-206-2)the R & D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) (Grant No.GYHY2007622)
文摘A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in China.The 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field change.It was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation sources.The preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2×104 m/s.The stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial breakdown.Thereafter,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/s.The initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative streamer.These streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this study.The NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge region.As a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation sources.The source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 W.The 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in China.The possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.
文摘介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电活动空间位置,并详细给出单次闪电的发展路径,在使用2个频段辐射波形参数进行定位的同时还可以保存原始波形用于深入研究。VHF、VLF/LF 2个频段闪电定位结果的时间分辨率分别为100?s和1ms,定位精度在站网覆盖范围可优于200m。2个频段的定位结果都能很好地描述雷暴中的闪电活动,但表现出的特征有一定差异。两频段定位结果对单个闪电发生路径进行描绘时,VLF/LF频段的大部分定位结果能与VHF定位结果重叠。
