After nearly one hundred years of research, metallurgy(metallurgical science and engineering) has gradually become a system with three levels of knowledge:(1) micro metallurgy at the atomic/molecular scale,(2) process...After nearly one hundred years of research, metallurgy(metallurgical science and engineering) has gradually become a system with three levels of knowledge:(1) micro metallurgy at the atomic/molecular scale,(2) process metallurgy at the procedure/device, and(3) macrodynamic metallurgy at the full process/process group. Macro-dynamic metallurgy development must eliminate the concept of an "isolated system" and establish concepts of "flow," "process network," and "operating program" to study the "structure–function–efficiency" in the macrodynamic operation of metallurgical manufacturing processes. It means considering "flow" as the ontology and observing dynamic change by"flow" to solve the green and intelligent potential of metallurgical enterprises. Metallurgical process engineering is integrated metallurgy, toplevel designed metallurgy, macro-dynamic operated metallurgy, and engineering science level metallurgy. Metallurgical process engineering is a cross-level, comprehensive, and integrated study of the macro-dynamic operation of manufacturing processes. Metallurgical process engineering studies the physical nature and constitutive characteristics of the dynamic operation of steel manufacturing process, as well as the analysis-optimization of the set of procedure functions, coordination-optimization of the set of procedures' relations, and reconstruction-optimization of the set of procedures in the manufacturing process. The study establishes rules for the macro operation of the manufacturing process, as well as dynamic and precise objectives of engineering design and production operation.展开更多
In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-...In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1)frequency regulation;(2)peak shifting;(3)integration with renewable energy sources;and(4)power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.展开更多
As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct valu...As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.展开更多
文摘After nearly one hundred years of research, metallurgy(metallurgical science and engineering) has gradually become a system with three levels of knowledge:(1) micro metallurgy at the atomic/molecular scale,(2) process metallurgy at the procedure/device, and(3) macrodynamic metallurgy at the full process/process group. Macro-dynamic metallurgy development must eliminate the concept of an "isolated system" and establish concepts of "flow," "process network," and "operating program" to study the "structure–function–efficiency" in the macrodynamic operation of metallurgical manufacturing processes. It means considering "flow" as the ontology and observing dynamic change by"flow" to solve the green and intelligent potential of metallurgical enterprises. Metallurgical process engineering is integrated metallurgy, toplevel designed metallurgy, macro-dynamic operated metallurgy, and engineering science level metallurgy. Metallurgical process engineering is a cross-level, comprehensive, and integrated study of the macro-dynamic operation of manufacturing processes. Metallurgical process engineering studies the physical nature and constitutive characteristics of the dynamic operation of steel manufacturing process, as well as the analysis-optimization of the set of procedure functions, coordination-optimization of the set of procedures' relations, and reconstruction-optimization of the set of procedures in the manufacturing process. The study establishes rules for the macro operation of the manufacturing process, as well as dynamic and precise objectives of engineering design and production operation.
文摘In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1)frequency regulation;(2)peak shifting;(3)integration with renewable energy sources;and(4)power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.
基金supported by Henan Province Teaching Reform and Practice Project(Project Fund No.135)—Research on the Reform of Literary Theory Courses for English Majors in Universities.
文摘As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.
