Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has been regarded as a future superstar for chemical analysis for years due to its unique features such as little or no sample preparation, remote sensing, and fast and mu...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has been regarded as a future superstar for chemical analysis for years due to its unique features such as little or no sample preparation, remote sensing, and fast and multi-element analysis. Chinese LIBS comnmnity is one of the most dynamically developing communities in the World. The aim of the work is to inspect what have been done in China for LIBS development and, based on the understanding of the overall status, to identify the challenges and opportunities for the future development. In this paper, the scientific contributions from Chinese LIBS comlnunity are reviewed for the following four aspects： fimdamentals, instrumentation, data processing and modeling, and applications; and the driving force of LIBS development in China is analyzed, the critical issues for successful LIBS application are discussed, and in our opinion, the potential direction to improve the technology and to realize large scale commercialization in China is proposed.展开更多
Laser-induced plasma represents today a widespread spectroscopic emission source. It can be easily generated using compact and reliable nanosecond pulsed laser on a large variety of materials. Its application for spec...Laser-induced plasma represents today a widespread spectroscopic emission source. It can be easily generated using compact and reliable nanosecond pulsed laser on a large variety of materials. Its application for spectrochemical analysis for example with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has become so popular that one tends to forget the complex physical and chemical processes leading to its generation and governing its evolution. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the backgrounds necessary to understand and describe the laser-induced plasma from its generation to its expansion into the ambient gas. The objective is not to go into the details of each process; there are numerous specialized papers and books for that in the literature. The goal here is to gather in a same paper the essential understanding elements needed to describe laser-induced plasma as results from a complex process. These elements can be dispersed in several related but independent fields such as laser-matter interaction, laser ablation of material, optical and thermo-dynamic properties of hot and ionized gas, or plasma propagation in a background gas. We believe that presenting the ensemble of understanding elements of laser-induced plasma in a comprehensive way and in limited pages of this paper will be helpful for further development and optimized use of the LIBS technique. Experimental results obtained in our laboratory are used to illustrate the studied physical processes each time such illustration becomes possible and helpful.展开更多
Recent progress on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） for metallurgical analysis particularly achieved by Chinese research community is briefly reviewed in this article. The content is ma...Recent progress on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） for metallurgical analysis particularly achieved by Chinese research community is briefly reviewed in this article. The content is mainly focused on the progress in experimental research and calibration methods toward LIBS applications for metallurgical online analysis over the past few years. Different experiment setups such as single-pulse and double-pulses LIBS schematics are introduced. Various calibration methods for different metallic samples are presented. Quantitative results reported in the literature and obtained in the analysis of various samples with different calibration methods are summarized. At the last section of this article, the difficulties of LIBS application for molten metal analysis in a furnace are discussed.展开更多
Three major elements, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, in twenty-four bituminous coal samples, were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Argon and helium were applied as ambient gas to enhance the signals ...Three major elements, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, in twenty-four bituminous coal samples, were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Argon and helium were applied as ambient gas to enhance the signals and eliminate the interference of nitrogen from surrounding air. The relative standard deviation of the related emission lines and the performance in the partial least squares （PLS） modeling were compared for different ambient environments. The results showed that argon not only improved the intensity, but also reduced signal fluctuation. The PLS model also had the optimal performance in multi-element analysis using argon as ambient gas. The root mean square error of prediction of carbon concentration decreased from 4.25% in air to 3.49% in argon, while the average relative error reduced from 4.96% to 2.98%. Hydrogen line demonstrated similar improvement. Yet, the nitrogen lines were too weak to be detected even in an argon environment which suggested the nitrogen signal measured in air come from the breakdown of nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere.展开更多
硅橡胶复合材料被广泛应用于高压输电外绝缘领域,特别是室温硫化硅橡胶(room temperature vulcanized,RTV),被广泛用作防污闪涂料。目前其检测分析方式以取样后实验室分析为主,尚无可现场检测RTV材料成分及老化状态的技术。该文利用激...硅橡胶复合材料被广泛应用于高压输电外绝缘领域,特别是室温硫化硅橡胶(room temperature vulcanized,RTV),被广泛用作防污闪涂料。目前其检测分析方式以取样后实验室分析为主,尚无可现场检测RTV材料成分及老化状态的技术。该文利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术,开展了RTV材料的激光诱导等离子体特性研究,为后续利用LIBS技术进行现场检测提供参考。文中主要研究了单脉冲纳秒激光作用下,RTV复合材料的烧蚀特性、等离子体温度、电子数密度、光谱强度与激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)参数的关系,给出了表征老化特性的方法。研究表明,LIBS技术可以有效表征RTV材料的成分,测试其老化厚度、元素变化等状态信息,其现场应用有利于维护输电线路运行安全。展开更多
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51276100） and the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （Grant No. 2013CB228501）.
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has been regarded as a future superstar for chemical analysis for years due to its unique features such as little or no sample preparation, remote sensing, and fast and multi-element analysis. Chinese LIBS comnmnity is one of the most dynamically developing communities in the World. The aim of the work is to inspect what have been done in China for LIBS development and, based on the understanding of the overall status, to identify the challenges and opportunities for the future development. In this paper, the scientific contributions from Chinese LIBS comlnunity are reviewed for the following four aspects： fimdamentals, instrumentation, data processing and modeling, and applications; and the driving force of LIBS development in China is analyzed, the critical issues for successful LIBS application are discussed, and in our opinion, the potential direction to improve the technology and to realize large scale commercialization in China is proposed.
文摘Laser-induced plasma represents today a widespread spectroscopic emission source. It can be easily generated using compact and reliable nanosecond pulsed laser on a large variety of materials. Its application for spectrochemical analysis for example with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has become so popular that one tends to forget the complex physical and chemical processes leading to its generation and governing its evolution. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the backgrounds necessary to understand and describe the laser-induced plasma from its generation to its expansion into the ambient gas. The objective is not to go into the details of each process; there are numerous specialized papers and books for that in the literature. The goal here is to gather in a same paper the essential understanding elements needed to describe laser-induced plasma as results from a complex process. These elements can be dispersed in several related but independent fields such as laser-matter interaction, laser ablation of material, optical and thermo-dynamic properties of hot and ionized gas, or plasma propagation in a background gas. We believe that presenting the ensemble of understanding elements of laser-induced plasma in a comprehensive way and in limited pages of this paper will be helpful for further development and optimized use of the LIBS technique. Experimental results obtained in our laboratory are used to illustrate the studied physical processes each time such illustration becomes possible and helpful.
基金Acknowledgements We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 11075184） and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. Y03RC21124）.
文摘Recent progress on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） for metallurgical analysis particularly achieved by Chinese research community is briefly reviewed in this article. The content is mainly focused on the progress in experimental research and calibration methods toward LIBS applications for metallurgical online analysis over the past few years. Different experiment setups such as single-pulse and double-pulses LIBS schematics are introduced. Various calibration methods for different metallic samples are presented. Quantitative results reported in the literature and obtained in the analysis of various samples with different calibration methods are summarized. At the last section of this article, the difficulties of LIBS application for molten metal analysis in a furnace are discussed.
基金Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51061130536）.
文摘Three major elements, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, in twenty-four bituminous coal samples, were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Argon and helium were applied as ambient gas to enhance the signals and eliminate the interference of nitrogen from surrounding air. The relative standard deviation of the related emission lines and the performance in the partial least squares （PLS） modeling were compared for different ambient environments. The results showed that argon not only improved the intensity, but also reduced signal fluctuation. The PLS model also had the optimal performance in multi-element analysis using argon as ambient gas. The root mean square error of prediction of carbon concentration decreased from 4.25% in air to 3.49% in argon, while the average relative error reduced from 4.96% to 2.98%. Hydrogen line demonstrated similar improvement. Yet, the nitrogen lines were too weak to be detected even in an argon environment which suggested the nitrogen signal measured in air come from the breakdown of nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere.
文摘硅橡胶复合材料被广泛应用于高压输电外绝缘领域,特别是室温硫化硅橡胶(room temperature vulcanized,RTV),被广泛用作防污闪涂料。目前其检测分析方式以取样后实验室分析为主,尚无可现场检测RTV材料成分及老化状态的技术。该文利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术,开展了RTV材料的激光诱导等离子体特性研究,为后续利用LIBS技术进行现场检测提供参考。文中主要研究了单脉冲纳秒激光作用下,RTV复合材料的烧蚀特性、等离子体温度、电子数密度、光谱强度与激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)参数的关系,给出了表征老化特性的方法。研究表明,LIBS技术可以有效表征RTV材料的成分,测试其老化厚度、元素变化等状态信息,其现场应用有利于维护输电线路运行安全。
