An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physi...An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model), with a uniform grid of 0.5? × 0.5? is established. Forced by wind stresses from Hellerman and Rosenstain (1983), a 40-yr integration is conducted with sea surface temperature and salinity being restored to the Levitus 94 datasets. The evaluation of the annual mean climatology of the LICOM control run shows that the large-scale circulation can be well reproduced. A comparison between the LICOM control run and a parallel integration of L30T63, which has the same framework but a coarse resolution, is also made to con?rm the impact of resolution on the model performance. On account of the reduction of horizontal viscosity with the enhancement of the horizontal resolution, LICOM improves the simulation with respect to not only the intensity of the large scale circulations, but also the magnitude and structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent and South Equatorial Current. Taking advantage of the ?ne grid size, the pathway of the Indonesian Through?ow (ITF) is better represented in LICOM than in L30T63. The transport of ITF in LICOM is more convergent in the upper layer. As a consequence, the Indian Ocean tends to get warmer in LICOM. The poleward heat transports for both the global and individual basins are also signi?cantly improved in LICOM. A decomposed analysis indicates that the transport due to the barotropic gyre, which primarily stands for the barotropic e?ect of the western boundary currents, plays a crucial role in making the di?erence.展开更多
In this study, the development of a convective boundary layer （CBL） in the Badaujilin region was investigated by comparing the observation data of two cases. A deep neutral layer capped a CBL that occurred on 30 Aug...In this study, the development of a convective boundary layer （CBL） in the Badaujilin region was investigated by comparing the observation data of two cases. A deep neutral layer capped a CBL that occurred on 30 August 2009. This case was divided into five sublayers from the surface to higher atmospheric elevations： surface layer, mixed layer, inversion layer, neutral layer, and sub-inversion layer. The development process of the CBL was divided into three stages： S1, S2, and S3. This case was quite different from the development of the three-layer CBL observed on 31 August 2009 because the mixed layer of the five-layer CBL （CBL5） eroded the neutral layer during S2. The specific initial structure of the CBL5 was correlated to the synoptic background of atmosphere during nighttime. The three-stage development process of the CBL5 was confirmed by six simulations using National Center for Atmospheric Research （USA） large-eddy simulation （NCAR-LES）, and some of its characteristics are presented in detail.展开更多
Large eddy simulation (LES) explicitly calculates the large-scale vortex field and parameterizes the small-scale vortices.In this study,LES and κ-ε models were developed for a specific geometrical configuration of b...Large eddy simulation (LES) explicitly calculates the large-scale vortex field and parameterizes the small-scale vortices.In this study,LES and κ-ε models were developed for a specific geometrical configuration of backward-facing step (BFS).The simulation results were validated with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and direct numerical simulation (DNS).This LES simulation was carried out with a Reynolds number of 9000 in a pressurized water tunnel with an expansion ratio of 2.00.The results indicate that the LES model can reveal largescale vortex motion although with a larger grid-cell size.However,the LES model tends to overestimate the top wall separation and the Reynolds stress components for the BFS flow simulation without a sufficiently fine grid.Overall,LES is a potential tool for simulating separated flow controlled by large-scale vortices.展开更多
Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangt...Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangtze River; and type B, whose precipitation is mainly located to the north of the river. The present study investigated these two PHRE types using a newly derived set of energy equations to show the scale interaction and main energy paths contributing to the persistence of the precipitation. The main results were as follows. The available potential energy （APE） and kinetic energy （KE） associated with both PHRE types generally increased upward in the troposphere, with the energy of the type-A PHREs stronger than that of the type-B PHREs （except for in the middle troposphere）. There were two main common and universal energy paths of the two PHRE types： （1） the baroclinic energy conversion from APE to KE was the dominant energy source for the evolution of large-scale background circulations; and （2） the downscaled energy cascade processes of KE and APE were vital for sustaining the eddy flow, which directly caused the PHREs. The significant differences between the two PHRE types mainly appeared in the lower troposphere, where the baroclinic energy conversion associated with the eddy flow in type-A PHREs was from KE to APE, which reduced the intensity of the precipitation-related eddy flow; whereas, the conversion in type-B PHREs was from APE to KE, which enhanced the eddy flow.展开更多
It is highly attractive to develop an efficient and flexible large eddy simulation(LES)technique for high-Reynolds-number atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)simulation using the low-order numerical scheme on a relatively ...It is highly attractive to develop an efficient and flexible large eddy simulation(LES)technique for high-Reynolds-number atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)simulation using the low-order numerical scheme on a relatively coarse grid,that could reproduce the logarithmic profile of the mean velocity and some key features of large-scale coherent structures in the outer layer.In this study,an improved near-wall correction scheme for the vertical gradient of the resolved streamwise velocity in the strain-rate tensor is proposed to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient in the subgrid-scale(SGS)model.The LES code is realized with a second-order finite-difference scheme,the scale-dependent dynamic SGS stress model,the equilibrium wall stress model,and the proposed correction scheme.Very-high-Reynolds-number ABL flow simulation under the neutral stratification condition is conducted to assess the performance of the method in predicting the mean and fluctuating characteristics of the rough-wall turbulence.It is found that the logarithmic profile of the mean streamwise velocity and some key features of large-scale coherent structures can be reasonably predicted by adopting the proposed correction method and the low-order numerical scheme.展开更多
Large Eddy Simulations(LES) in conjunction with the Flamelet Progress Variable(FPV) approach have been performed to investigate the flame and large-scale flow structures in the bluff-body stabilized non-premixed flame...Large Eddy Simulations(LES) in conjunction with the Flamelet Progress Variable(FPV) approach have been performed to investigate the flame and large-scale flow structures in the bluff-body stabilized non-premixed flames, HM1 and HM3. The validity of the numerical methods is first verified by comparing the predicted velocity and composition fields with experimental measurements. Then the evolution of the flame and large-scale flow structures is analyzed when the flames approach blow-off. The analysis of instantaneous and statistical data indicates that there exists a shift of the control mechanism in the recirculation zone in the two flames. In the recirculation zone, HM1 flame is mainly controlled by the mixing effect and ignition mainly occurs in the outer shear layer. In HM3 flame, both the chemical reactions and mixing are important in the recirculation zone. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD) results show that the fluctuations in the outer shear layer are more intense in HM1, while the flow structures are more obvious in the outer vortex structure in HM3, due to the different control mechanism in the recirculation zone.It further shows that the flow structures in HM1 spread larger in the intense mixing zone due to higher temperature and less extinction.展开更多
The present study considers the developing mixing layer that is formed bymerging of two free streams initially separated by a splitter plate. To investigate the influence ofthe vortical structures on the particle disp...The present study considers the developing mixing layer that is formed bymerging of two free streams initially separated by a splitter plate. To investigate the influence ofthe vortical structures on the particle dispersion, numerical simulation was conducted when thevelocity ratio, defined as R = U_∞ - U_(-∞)/U_∞ + U_(-∞), is 0. 5. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)was employed to understand the effect of large-scale vortical structures originated by theKelvin-Helmholtz instability on the partical dispersion. The flyash with the particle sizes 10, 50,100, 150, and 200um respectively were loaded at the origin of the two-dimensional mixing layer. Itis confirmed that the particle dispersion depends strongly on the motion of large-scale vorticalstructures. The particle dispersion is visualized numerically by following the particle trajectoriesin the mixing layer undergoing pairing interaction.展开更多
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Innovation Program" (Grant No. ZKCX2-SW-210) the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant No.ZKCX2-SW-210)+1 种基金 the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant G 1999043808 , G2000078502) the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40233031 , 40231004.
文摘An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model), with a uniform grid of 0.5? × 0.5? is established. Forced by wind stresses from Hellerman and Rosenstain (1983), a 40-yr integration is conducted with sea surface temperature and salinity being restored to the Levitus 94 datasets. The evaluation of the annual mean climatology of the LICOM control run shows that the large-scale circulation can be well reproduced. A comparison between the LICOM control run and a parallel integration of L30T63, which has the same framework but a coarse resolution, is also made to con?rm the impact of resolution on the model performance. On account of the reduction of horizontal viscosity with the enhancement of the horizontal resolution, LICOM improves the simulation with respect to not only the intensity of the large scale circulations, but also the magnitude and structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent and South Equatorial Current. Taking advantage of the ?ne grid size, the pathway of the Indonesian Through?ow (ITF) is better represented in LICOM than in L30T63. The transport of ITF in LICOM is more convergent in the upper layer. As a consequence, the Indian Ocean tends to get warmer in LICOM. The poleward heat transports for both the global and individual basins are also signi?cantly improved in LICOM. A decomposed analysis indicates that the transport due to the barotropic gyre, which primarily stands for the barotropic e?ect of the western boundary currents, plays a crucial role in making the di?erence.
基金funded by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2009CB421402 and 2010CB950503)National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo. 40975007)
文摘In this study, the development of a convective boundary layer （CBL） in the Badaujilin region was investigated by comparing the observation data of two cases. A deep neutral layer capped a CBL that occurred on 30 August 2009. This case was divided into five sublayers from the surface to higher atmospheric elevations： surface layer, mixed layer, inversion layer, neutral layer, and sub-inversion layer. The development process of the CBL was divided into three stages： S1, S2, and S3. This case was quite different from the development of the three-layer CBL observed on 31 August 2009 because the mixed layer of the five-layer CBL （CBL5） eroded the neutral layer during S2. The specific initial structure of the CBL5 was correlated to the synoptic background of atmosphere during nighttime. The three-stage development process of the CBL5 was confirmed by six simulations using National Center for Atmospheric Research （USA） large-eddy simulation （NCAR-LES）, and some of its characteristics are presented in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51379128)
文摘Large eddy simulation (LES) explicitly calculates the large-scale vortex field and parameterizes the small-scale vortices.In this study,LES and κ-ε models were developed for a specific geometrical configuration of backward-facing step (BFS).The simulation results were validated with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and direct numerical simulation (DNS).This LES simulation was carried out with a Reynolds number of 9000 in a pressurized water tunnel with an expansion ratio of 2.00.The results indicate that the LES model can reveal largescale vortex motion although with a larger grid-cell size.However,the LES model tends to overestimate the top wall separation and the Reynolds stress components for the BFS flow simulation without a sufficiently fine grid.Overall,LES is a potential tool for simulating separated flow controlled by large-scale vortices.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2012CB417201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41375053 and 41505038)
文摘Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangtze River; and type B, whose precipitation is mainly located to the north of the river. The present study investigated these two PHRE types using a newly derived set of energy equations to show the scale interaction and main energy paths contributing to the persistence of the precipitation. The main results were as follows. The available potential energy （APE） and kinetic energy （KE） associated with both PHRE types generally increased upward in the troposphere, with the energy of the type-A PHREs stronger than that of the type-B PHREs （except for in the middle troposphere）. There were two main common and universal energy paths of the two PHRE types： （1） the baroclinic energy conversion from APE to KE was the dominant energy source for the evolution of large-scale background circulations; and （2） the downscaled energy cascade processes of KE and APE were vital for sustaining the eddy flow, which directly caused the PHREs. The significant differences between the two PHRE types mainly appeared in the lower troposphere, where the baroclinic energy conversion associated with the eddy flow in type-A PHREs was from KE to APE, which reduced the intensity of the precipitation-related eddy flow; whereas, the conversion in type-B PHREs was from APE to KE, which enhanced the eddy flow.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11490551)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.lzujbky-2016-k13 and lzujbky-2018-k07)
文摘It is highly attractive to develop an efficient and flexible large eddy simulation(LES)technique for high-Reynolds-number atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)simulation using the low-order numerical scheme on a relatively coarse grid,that could reproduce the logarithmic profile of the mean velocity and some key features of large-scale coherent structures in the outer layer.In this study,an improved near-wall correction scheme for the vertical gradient of the resolved streamwise velocity in the strain-rate tensor is proposed to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient in the subgrid-scale(SGS)model.The LES code is realized with a second-order finite-difference scheme,the scale-dependent dynamic SGS stress model,the equilibrium wall stress model,and the proposed correction scheme.Very-high-Reynolds-number ABL flow simulation under the neutral stratification condition is conducted to assess the performance of the method in predicting the mean and fluctuating characteristics of the rough-wall turbulence.It is found that the logarithmic profile of the mean streamwise velocity and some key features of large-scale coherent structures can be reasonably predicted by adopting the proposed correction method and the low-order numerical scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91441202 and 51476087)
文摘Large Eddy Simulations(LES) in conjunction with the Flamelet Progress Variable(FPV) approach have been performed to investigate the flame and large-scale flow structures in the bluff-body stabilized non-premixed flames, HM1 and HM3. The validity of the numerical methods is first verified by comparing the predicted velocity and composition fields with experimental measurements. Then the evolution of the flame and large-scale flow structures is analyzed when the flames approach blow-off. The analysis of instantaneous and statistical data indicates that there exists a shift of the control mechanism in the recirculation zone in the two flames. In the recirculation zone, HM1 flame is mainly controlled by the mixing effect and ignition mainly occurs in the outer shear layer. In HM3 flame, both the chemical reactions and mixing are important in the recirculation zone. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD) results show that the fluctuations in the outer shear layer are more intense in HM1, while the flow structures are more obvious in the outer vortex structure in HM3, due to the different control mechanism in the recirculation zone.It further shows that the flow structures in HM1 spread larger in the intense mixing zone due to higher temperature and less extinction.
文摘The present study considers the developing mixing layer that is formed bymerging of two free streams initially separated by a splitter plate. To investigate the influence ofthe vortical structures on the particle dispersion, numerical simulation was conducted when thevelocity ratio, defined as R = U_∞ - U_(-∞)/U_∞ + U_(-∞), is 0. 5. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)was employed to understand the effect of large-scale vortical structures originated by theKelvin-Helmholtz instability on the partical dispersion. The flyash with the particle sizes 10, 50,100, 150, and 200um respectively were loaded at the origin of the two-dimensional mixing layer. Itis confirmed that the particle dispersion depends strongly on the motion of large-scale vorticalstructures. The particle dispersion is visualized numerically by following the particle trajectoriesin the mixing layer undergoing pairing interaction.
