Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A re...Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of ＂land use change - driving mechanisms - impacts and consequences - policy responses＂ found the following： （1） Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. （2） Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. （3） Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. （4） A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. （5） Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China＇s rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions includ展开更多
人类活动引起的土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)是重要的外强迫之一,但是LUCC对全球及区域气候影响的研究仍然薄弱,至今无法对LUCC的气候效应问题做出系统的评估。研究针对人类活动比较剧烈的中国区域问题,首...人类活动引起的土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)是重要的外强迫之一,但是LUCC对全球及区域气候影响的研究仍然薄弱,至今无法对LUCC的气候效应问题做出系统的评估。研究针对人类活动比较剧烈的中国区域问题,首先回顾了近几十年来中国LUCC的特征,接着从观测和数值模拟2个方面系统地讨论了过去LUCC的研究成果,主要针对LUCC通过生物地球物理过程影响区域气候的工作,总结和归纳了LUCC对中国区域气候的影响问题,进而探讨了LUCC在未来气候变化中可能扮演的角色、亟待解决的问题,以及国内外在这方面的研究动态和未来发展方向。展开更多
基金The NSFC-IIASA Major International Joint Research Project,No.41161140352
文摘Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of ＂land use change - driving mechanisms - impacts and consequences - policy responses＂ found the following： （1） Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. （2） Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. （3） Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. （4） A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. （5） Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China＇s rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions includ
文摘人类活动引起的土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)是重要的外强迫之一,但是LUCC对全球及区域气候影响的研究仍然薄弱,至今无法对LUCC的气候效应问题做出系统的评估。研究针对人类活动比较剧烈的中国区域问题,首先回顾了近几十年来中国LUCC的特征,接着从观测和数值模拟2个方面系统地讨论了过去LUCC的研究成果,主要针对LUCC通过生物地球物理过程影响区域气候的工作,总结和归纳了LUCC对中国区域气候的影响问题,进而探讨了LUCC在未来气候变化中可能扮演的角色、亟待解决的问题,以及国内外在这方面的研究动态和未来发展方向。
