This review is part one of three, which will present an update on diagnostic procedures for gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs). Part two identifies the classification and part three the therapeutic methods...This review is part one of three, which will present an update on diagnostic procedures for gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs). Part two identifies the classification and part three the therapeutic methods regarding GI SMTs. Submucosal tumors are typically asymptomatic and therefore encountered incidentally. Advances in diagnostic tools for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors have emerged over the past decade. The aim of this paper is to provide the readers with guidelines for the use of diagnostic procedures, when a submucosal tumor is suspected. Literature searches were performed to find information on diagnostics for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Based on the searches, the optimal diagnostic procedures and specific features of the submucosal tumors could be outlined. Standard endoscppy, capsule endoscopy and push-and-pull enteroscopy (PPE) together with barium contrast X-ray do not alone provide sufficient information, when examining submucosal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are recommended as supplementary tools.展开更多
We investigate the atmospheric turbulence effects on orbital angular momentum(OAM) spectra of different kinds of vortex beams, including Laguerre–Gaussian(LG) beams and Bessel beams, numerically. We generate the holo...We investigate the atmospheric turbulence effects on orbital angular momentum(OAM) spectra of different kinds of vortex beams, including Laguerre–Gaussian(LG) beams and Bessel beams, numerically. We generate the holograms of atmospheric turbulence with different structure constants of the refractive index. The OAM spectra of distorted single-mode or multiplexed LG beams and Bessel beams are analyzed. Compared with the OAM spectra of the two kinds of vortex beams, the spectrum of the Bessel beams is more dispersive. The results illustrate that Bessel beams suffer more from turbulent atmosphere than LG beams.展开更多
It is revealed that the protolith of gray-light brown potash-feldspar-leucogranulites and granulites in the 2nd formation of the LG in Tanyaokou deposit are quartz kerotophyre of synsedimentary eruption based on the f...It is revealed that the protolith of gray-light brown potash-feldspar-leucogranulites and granulites in the 2nd formation of the LG in Tanyaokou deposit are quartz kerotophyre of synsedimentary eruption based on the following facts and features: (1) The rocks look compact and homogeneous without obvious crystals with naked eyes; (2) they contain blastoporphyritic or glomeroporphyritic and blasto-crystalloclastic crystals consisting of quartz with wavy extinction and albite with obvious alteration and deformation; (3) they also contain radiated and fibrous blasto-microspherulitic texture and swallow-tailed bifurcate and blasto-hollow-skeleton crystal texture, representing the rapid cooling characteristic of the magma during submarine volcanic eruption; (4) the major chemical compositions of the rocks are: SiO2 = 70.80%―76.00%, K2O (4.83%―6.22%)>Na2O(2.78%―3.80%), and K2O+Na2O = 8.63%―9.00%; and (5) their petro-chemical diagrams indicate that they are volcanic rocks. Together with the characteristic that they occur in the same sequence with potassic spilite (SiO2 = 46.12%―50.68%, K2O = 4.23%―5.93%>Na2O = 2.15%―3.14%, K2O+Na2O = 6.51%―8.08%), it can be confirmed that the vol-canics occurring in the 2nd Formation of the LG in Tanyaokou district are double-peaking potas-sic volcanic rocks. The discovery, together with the tuffs with ore minerals and the distribution of lead isotopic as well as the value of Co/Ni of pyrites >1 showing the obvious endogenic metali-zation, can prove that the Tanyaokou deposit is an untypical SEDEX-type deposit formed in the extension fault basin in the Mesoproterozonic aulacogen of the northern margin of the North China Platform, and its metallogenesis is related to the synsedimentary volcanic activities and the hydrothermal exhalation, and both the ore-forming material source and volcanics came from mantle or lower crust. These facts mentioned above, together with the meta-volcanic rocks (double-peaking) found in the Dongshengmiao and Huogeqi districts and the host strat展开更多
The generation and manipulation of optical vortices are of fundamental importance in a variety of promising applications. Here, we develop a nonlinear optical paradigm to implement self- and cross-convolution of optic...The generation and manipulation of optical vortices are of fundamental importance in a variety of promising applications. Here, we develop a nonlinear optical paradigm to implement self- and cross-convolution of optical vortex arrays, demonstrating the features of a vortex copier and regenerator. We use a phase-only spatial light modulator to prepare the 1064 nm invisible fundamental light to carry special optical vortex arrays and use a potassium titanyl phosphate crystal to perform type Ⅱ second-harmonic generation in the Fourier domain to achieve 532 nm visible structured vortices. Based on pure cross-convolution, we succeed in copying arbitrary-order single vortices as well as their superposition states onto a prearranged array of fundamental Gaussian spots. Also, based on the simultaneous effect of self- and cross-convolutions, we can expand the initial vortex lattices to regenerate more vortices carrying various higher topological charges. Our presented method of realizing imaging, an optical vortex copier and regenerator could find direct applications in optical mani optical communication, and quantum information processing with structured vortex pulation, optical arrays.展开更多
Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodont...Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals(12–33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group(LG) or a placebo group(PG)(1:1). The LG received LLLT(810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm–2) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale(NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds(PPTs), cold detection thresholds(CDTs), warmth detection thresholds(WDTs), cold pain thresholds(CPTs), and heat pain thresholds(HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group(P = 0.01). The CDTs,CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG(P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the nontreatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG(P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing(QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment.Further clinical applications are suggested.展开更多
In Northeast China, permafrost advanced and retreated several times under the influences of fluctuating paleo-climatesand paleo-environments since the Late Pleistocene. During the last 60 years, many new data were obt...In Northeast China, permafrost advanced and retreated several times under the influences of fluctuating paleo-climatesand paleo-environments since the Late Pleistocene. During the last 60 years, many new data were obtained and studies wereconducted on the evolution of permafrost in Northeast China, but so far no systematic summary and review have been made.Based on sedimentary sequences, remains of past permafrost, paleo-flora and -fauna records, and dating data, permafrostevolution since the Late Pleistocene has been analyzed and reconstructed in this paper. Paleo-temperatures reconstructedfrom the remains of past permafrost and those from paleo-flora and -fauna are compared, and thus the southern limitof permafrost (SLP) in each climate period is inferred by the relationship of the permafrost distribution and the meanannual air/ground temperatures (MAAT/MAGT). Thus, the evolutionary history of permafrost is here divided into fivestages: (1) the Late Pleistocene (Last Glaciation, or LG) (65 to 10–8.5 ka), the Last Glaciation Maximum (LGM, 21–13 ka)in particular, the coldest period in the latest history with a cooling of about 6~10 °C, characterized by extensive occurrencesof glaciation, flourishing Mammathas-Coelodonta Faunal Complex (MCFC), widespread aeolian deposits, and significantsea level lowering, and permafrost greatly expanded southwards almost to the coastal plains (37°N–41°N); (2) the HoloceneMegathermal Period (HMP, 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka), 3~5 °C warmer than today, permafrost retreated to about 52°N; (3) theLate Holocene Cold Period (Neoglaciation) (4.0–3.0 to 1.0–0.5 ka), a cooling of 1~3 °C, some earlier thawed permafrost wasrefrozen or attached, and the SLP invaded southwards to 46°N; (4) the Little Ice Age (LIA, 500 to 100–150 a), the latestcold period with significant permafrost expansion; and (5) climate warming since the last century, during which NortheastChina has undergone extensive permafrost degradati展开更多
LG PHILIPS彩管生产线的质量控制与跟踪系统,包括机器人自动贴标、在线数据采集及在线数据处理模块。系统采用机器人自动贴标,用PLC和工控机通过现场总线和以太网采集基础数据并传送。系统同时具有数据库管理、基于WEB的生产数据统计查...LG PHILIPS彩管生产线的质量控制与跟踪系统,包括机器人自动贴标、在线数据采集及在线数据处理模块。系统采用机器人自动贴标,用PLC和工控机通过现场总线和以太网采集基础数据并传送。系统同时具有数据库管理、基于WEB的生产数据统计查询和产品质量追溯等功能,提高了生产线质量管理水平。展开更多
文摘This review is part one of three, which will present an update on diagnostic procedures for gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs). Part two identifies the classification and part three the therapeutic methods regarding GI SMTs. Submucosal tumors are typically asymptomatic and therefore encountered incidentally. Advances in diagnostic tools for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors have emerged over the past decade. The aim of this paper is to provide the readers with guidelines for the use of diagnostic procedures, when a submucosal tumor is suspected. Literature searches were performed to find information on diagnostics for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Based on the searches, the optimal diagnostic procedures and specific features of the submucosal tumors could be outlined. Standard endoscppy, capsule endoscopy and push-and-pull enteroscopy (PPE) together with barium contrast X-ray do not alone provide sufficient information, when examining submucosal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are recommended as supplementary tools.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(2014CB340004,2014CB340002)
文摘We investigate the atmospheric turbulence effects on orbital angular momentum(OAM) spectra of different kinds of vortex beams, including Laguerre–Gaussian(LG) beams and Bessel beams, numerically. We generate the holograms of atmospheric turbulence with different structure constants of the refractive index. The OAM spectra of distorted single-mode or multiplexed LG beams and Bessel beams are analyzed. Compared with the OAM spectra of the two kinds of vortex beams, the spectrum of the Bessel beams is more dispersive. The results illustrate that Bessel beams suffer more from turbulent atmosphere than LG beams.
基金The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40172040)+1 种基金 the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40234051) the State Key BasisResearchDevelopment Plan ofChina(Grant No.G1999043215).
文摘It is revealed that the protolith of gray-light brown potash-feldspar-leucogranulites and granulites in the 2nd formation of the LG in Tanyaokou deposit are quartz kerotophyre of synsedimentary eruption based on the following facts and features: (1) The rocks look compact and homogeneous without obvious crystals with naked eyes; (2) they contain blastoporphyritic or glomeroporphyritic and blasto-crystalloclastic crystals consisting of quartz with wavy extinction and albite with obvious alteration and deformation; (3) they also contain radiated and fibrous blasto-microspherulitic texture and swallow-tailed bifurcate and blasto-hollow-skeleton crystal texture, representing the rapid cooling characteristic of the magma during submarine volcanic eruption; (4) the major chemical compositions of the rocks are: SiO2 = 70.80%―76.00%, K2O (4.83%―6.22%)>Na2O(2.78%―3.80%), and K2O+Na2O = 8.63%―9.00%; and (5) their petro-chemical diagrams indicate that they are volcanic rocks. Together with the characteristic that they occur in the same sequence with potassic spilite (SiO2 = 46.12%―50.68%, K2O = 4.23%―5.93%>Na2O = 2.15%―3.14%, K2O+Na2O = 6.51%―8.08%), it can be confirmed that the vol-canics occurring in the 2nd Formation of the LG in Tanyaokou district are double-peaking potas-sic volcanic rocks. The discovery, together with the tuffs with ore minerals and the distribution of lead isotopic as well as the value of Co/Ni of pyrites >1 showing the obvious endogenic metali-zation, can prove that the Tanyaokou deposit is an untypical SEDEX-type deposit formed in the extension fault basin in the Mesoproterozonic aulacogen of the northern margin of the North China Platform, and its metallogenesis is related to the synsedimentary volcanic activities and the hydrothermal exhalation, and both the ore-forming material source and volcanics came from mantle or lower crust. These facts mentioned above, together with the meta-volcanic rocks (double-peaking) found in the Dongshengmiao and Huogeqi districts and the host strat
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11474238,11734011,91636109)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Xiamen University(20720160040)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2015J06002)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET)(NCET-13-0495)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303700)
文摘The generation and manipulation of optical vortices are of fundamental importance in a variety of promising applications. Here, we develop a nonlinear optical paradigm to implement self- and cross-convolution of optical vortex arrays, demonstrating the features of a vortex copier and regenerator. We use a phase-only spatial light modulator to prepare the 1064 nm invisible fundamental light to carry special optical vortex arrays and use a potassium titanyl phosphate crystal to perform type Ⅱ second-harmonic generation in the Fourier domain to achieve 532 nm visible structured vortices. Based on pure cross-convolution, we succeed in copying arbitrary-order single vortices as well as their superposition states onto a prearranged array of fundamental Gaussian spots. Also, based on the simultaneous effect of self- and cross-convolutions, we can expand the initial vortex lattices to regenerate more vortices carrying various higher topological charges. Our presented method of realizing imaging, an optical vortex copier and regenerator could find direct applications in optical mani optical communication, and quantum information processing with structured vortex pulation, optical arrays.
基金funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(Grant No.2014-37)the Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(No.H201535)Orofacial Pain and TMD Research Unit,Institute of Stomatology,Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology,Nanjing Medical University,for their support
文摘Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals(12–33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group(LG) or a placebo group(PG)(1:1). The LG received LLLT(810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm–2) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale(NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds(PPTs), cold detection thresholds(CDTs), warmth detection thresholds(WDTs), cold pain thresholds(CPTs), and heat pain thresholds(HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group(P = 0.01). The CDTs,CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG(P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the nontreatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG(P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing(QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment.Further clinical applications are suggested.
基金supported by the Subproject No. XDA05120302 (Permafrost Extent in China during the Last Glaciation Maximum and Megathermal)Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Identification of Carbon Budgets for Adaptation to Changing Climate and the Associated Issues) (Grant No. XDA05000000)the auspices of the International Permafrost Association (IPA) Action Group on "Last Permafrost Maximum and Minimum (LPMM) on the Eurasian Continent"
文摘In Northeast China, permafrost advanced and retreated several times under the influences of fluctuating paleo-climatesand paleo-environments since the Late Pleistocene. During the last 60 years, many new data were obtained and studies wereconducted on the evolution of permafrost in Northeast China, but so far no systematic summary and review have been made.Based on sedimentary sequences, remains of past permafrost, paleo-flora and -fauna records, and dating data, permafrostevolution since the Late Pleistocene has been analyzed and reconstructed in this paper. Paleo-temperatures reconstructedfrom the remains of past permafrost and those from paleo-flora and -fauna are compared, and thus the southern limitof permafrost (SLP) in each climate period is inferred by the relationship of the permafrost distribution and the meanannual air/ground temperatures (MAAT/MAGT). Thus, the evolutionary history of permafrost is here divided into fivestages: (1) the Late Pleistocene (Last Glaciation, or LG) (65 to 10–8.5 ka), the Last Glaciation Maximum (LGM, 21–13 ka)in particular, the coldest period in the latest history with a cooling of about 6~10 °C, characterized by extensive occurrencesof glaciation, flourishing Mammathas-Coelodonta Faunal Complex (MCFC), widespread aeolian deposits, and significantsea level lowering, and permafrost greatly expanded southwards almost to the coastal plains (37°N–41°N); (2) the HoloceneMegathermal Period (HMP, 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka), 3~5 °C warmer than today, permafrost retreated to about 52°N; (3) theLate Holocene Cold Period (Neoglaciation) (4.0–3.0 to 1.0–0.5 ka), a cooling of 1~3 °C, some earlier thawed permafrost wasrefrozen or attached, and the SLP invaded southwards to 46°N; (4) the Little Ice Age (LIA, 500 to 100–150 a), the latestcold period with significant permafrost expansion; and (5) climate warming since the last century, during which NortheastChina has undergone extensive permafrost degradati